TRANSFORMATION OF LINE-SOURCE RESISTIVITY DATA TO POINT-SOURCE DATA AND VICE VERSA USING THE MATRIX METHOD1

Investigations have shown the existence of a linear relationship between point-source resistivity data and line-source resistivity data through a matrix operator, which paves the way for the efficient transformation of line-source data to the corresponding point-source data and vice versa. The power of these equations has been established by computational examples. The relationship will be useful in the modelling and inversion of resistivity data from 2D structures.     

THE DETERMINATION OF THE SEISMIC QUALITY FACTOR Q FROM VSP DATA: A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COMPUTATIONAL METHODS1

Ten methods for the computation of attenuation have been investigated, namely: amplitude decay, analytical signal, wavelet modelling, phase modelling, frequency modelling, rise-time, pulse amplitude, matching technique, spectral modelling and spectral ratio. In particular, we have studied the reliability of each of these methods in estimating correct values of Q using three synthetic VSP seismograms for plane P-waves with different noise contents. The investigations proved that no single method is generally superior. Rather, some methods are more suitable than others in specific situations depending on recording, noise or geology. The analytical signal method has been demonstrated to be superior if true amplitude recordings are available. Otherwise spectral modelling or, in the ‘ noise-free’ case the spectral ratio method, is optimal. Finally, two field VSPs in sediments are investigated. Only in the case of the highest quality VSP can significant information be deduced from the computed attenuation.     

双层粘合模型的研究及其应用——北京、天津和唐山地区地壳结构的初步实验模拟

为了获得具有合适波速的模型材料,文中讨论了可以定量控制模型材料波速的双层粘合模型。将两种波速不同的模型材料板按不同的厚度比例粘合在一起,只要入射波波长比板的厚度大得多,就可以使粘合模型的波速在这两种材料的波速值范围内变化。应用双层粘合模型,以1:20万的比例,实验模拟了文[3]给出的北京、天津和唐山地区地壳结构。在模拟地震图上观测到了对应于文[3]所给出的四组震相。模拟地震图与唐山余震地震图在一定程度上相似。     

面极化模拟解释激发极化异常的不适用性

在椭球座标系中对均匀外电流场中的面极化椭球体的电场进行了求解.在解拉普拉斯方程时一般解的系数是椭球座标的函数,因而解答不正确,这表明了面极化体激发极化电场分布和求正确解的复杂性.此解答和均匀外电流场中体极化椭球体的电场解答的明显差别,说明两类电场不具有相似性.因此,用面极化模拟解释通常为体极化的实际地质体的激发极化异常显然是不适用的.物理模拟证实了这一理论研究结果.     

东太平洋Juan de Fuca板块的大地电磁研究

本研究做为电磁感应国际合作研究项目—EMSLAB计划的一部分,主要目的在于确定东太平洋年轻的海洋板块——Juan de Fuca板块及其周围地区岩石圈和软流圈的电性结构。 在对海底观测的大地电磁资料定性和定量分析的基础上,进行了二维数学模拟。在二维模型中,海洋地形和已知的表层构造被确定。通过改变模型的重要参数,评价响应函数和观测资料之间偏差的增加,检验模型的可靠性。结果表明,Juan de Fuca板块深部存在两个导电层,一个在40km,另一个在200km左右。这里岩石圈比其它较老板块的岩石圈薄     

ON THE USE OF MOVABLE-BED MODELS FOR RIVER PROBLEMS:A STATE-OF-THE-ART

I. INTRODUCTIONMore than a decade ago, under tile auspices of DELFT HYDRAULICS an overview on the use ofmodels for river problems was given (de Vries & van der Zwaard. 1975). Since then a better understanding of morphological processes in rivers has been obtained, their mathematical formulation hasbeen improved and computer facilities have been expended. Scale models and mathematical models arein use. but their field of application is gradually changing. It seems that the better ma…     

地球电磁感应研究的新进展

地球电磁感应方法的应用研究在陆地上不断深化的同时,正在向海洋区和大陆边缘扩展,各种电磁方法的观测、资料处理和解释技术正在提高到新的水平,模型和反演技术的研究正在开创一些新的思路,畸变效应及消除问题更加引起人们的注意.     

流体（水）在孕震过程中的作用

本文在DD模式和IPE模式的基础上,提出了流体（水）扩散造成失稳的想法。对孕震过程的四个阶段给出了初步的定量讨论,突出了流体（水）的作用。以波速比前兆为例,求出了孕震时间的计算公式,发现孕震时间和余震区特征长度的平方并不严格成正比,可能含有一个三次因子。在作了适当近似和简化后,本文以实际数字对所求得的公式作了检验,计算结果和经验值吻合较好。     

大洋中脊的形成过程

本文从热传导方程出发,得到了大洋中脊下岩石层温度分布的分析表达式及数值计算结果。结果表明,软流层上涌流动所提供的热源可以使大洋中脊下岩石层逐步融化;岩石层的相对移动速度对大洋中脊岩石层温度场及融化深度影响较大。     

用近场记录研究唐山地震的震源过程

通过对唐山地震近场记录的波形拟合,研究了震源短周期运动过程的基本特征,推断了主要破裂事件的震源参数.结果表明,高频地震波中的主要部分来自几个局部区域的破裂过程.它们的错距分布相当集中,上升时间为1.1-1.5s.由5次破裂事件组成的震源模型中引人随机扰动量,较好地描绘了地面运动的高频状态.     

长江三角洲地区地磁短周期变化异常的描述及解释

在长江三角洲地区进行了地磁短周期变化的观测，对资料的分析表明，该区域地磁短周期变化存在一非对称异常．其负异常较大，中心位于无锡、常熟一带；其正异常较小，中心位于海安与大丰之间．异常出现的周期为１００-３６００ｓ，并在１２０ｓ处取极大值．二维模型拟合表明，在该地区存在一由北向南上升的地下高导层．该高导层在溧阳、无锡、余山一线消失．这恰是溧阳、崇明大断裂之所在．该地区地表还存在有厚度为３００ｍ的高导覆盖层．     

Shake‐table experiment on reinforced concrete structure containing masonry infill wall

A hypothetical 5‐storey prototype structure with reinforced concrete (RC) frame and unreinforced masonry (URM) wall is considered. The paper focuses on a shake‐table experiment conducted on a substructure of this prototype consisting of the middle bays of its first storey. A test structure is constructed to represent the selected substructure and the relationship between demand parameters of the test structure and those of the prototype structure is established using computational modelling. The dynamic properties of the test structure are determined using a number of preliminary tests before performing the shake‐table experiments. Based on these tests and results obtained from computational modelling of the test structure, the test ground motions and the sequence of shakings are determined. The results of the shake‐table tests in terms of the global and local responses and the effects of the URM infill wall on the structural behaviour and the dynamic properties of the RC test structure are presented. Finally, the test results are compared to analytical ones obtained from further computational modelling of the test structure subjected to the measured shake‐table accelerations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

THE INTERPRETATION OF GRADIENT ARRAY CHARGEABILITY ANOMALIES *

Empirical equalities derived from time domain induced polarization scale modelling with the gradient array over simple geometries, and from the potential field functions for equivalent simple charge configurations are similar. The function for the dyke like body is analogous to the magnetic case allowing both total and vertical magnetic field interpretation techniques to be applied to gradient array chargeability anomalies.     

18000年前冰期气候的数值模拟

了解过去环境变化的事实是准确评估当前环境所处的历史位置和预测未来气候变化趋势的前提．本文利用CLIMAP建立的末次冰期的地球表面状况作为下边界条件,用GCM模拟了18000年前冰期全球气候状况．模拟结果显示：冰期全球平均地表气温比现代低约4.9℃,自由大气温度从低层到高层也均有所下降,全球平均降水比现在的少0．25mm／d,相对湿度小10％,平均海平面气压值上升．本模式的模拟结果和其他GCM的模拟结果作了比较,并和地质考古得到的有限的冰期气候资料作了比较,两者基本相符．     

Love数的当代理论和新技术分析

关于旋转椭滞弹性地球的潮汐模型,已有了很完备的理论。地球横向不均匀和各向异性的理论也初见倪。随着新技术的发展,可以对地球内部的一些物理参数进行检测。     

AN EXAMPLE OF THE APPLICATION OF THE RULES OF COMPOSITION IN RESISTIVITY INTERPRETATION*

The application of approximate rules, whereby apparent resistivity space sections for two dimensional structures can be composited from spaces derived for elementary features is extended to a complex example drawn from a field survey over a fluorite mineral vein. A quantitative solution for the observed resistivity space is presented and the computational sequence involved in matching the observed space is given in detail. The interpreted results are examined in relation to the known geology, supplemented by the results of excavation, and to model tests conducted using a tank analogue. The example also illustrates how successive compositions can be employed in estimating the form of resistivity space in a relatively complex situation.     

孕震动力系统的研究趋势与展望

该文综述了近年来应用浑沌动力学研究固化介质中裂纹的传播问题，描述了地震发生的动力学模拟，探讨了利用时间序列的相空间重构问题，最后对这些问题进行了简略的讨论。     

CRITICAL CONDITION FOR THE INITIATION OF SUSPENSION

L INTRODUCTIONSediment particles move either as bed load or as suspended load, depending on thecharacteristics of flow condition and on the properties of the sediment particlethemselves. Exchange between bed load and bed material takes place directly, while thesuspended load, under general conditions, can hardly interact with the stationary bedwithout the bed load as a medium. It is necessary to take into full account theinteractions of suspended load, bed load and bed material when bed d…     

1932年昌马地震破裂错动过程的初步探讨

以1932年12月25日发生在甘肃省境内祁连山西部的昌马地震(Ms=7.5)造成的宏观地表破裂带的调查与分析为基础,结合有关断裂活动的资料与室内模拟实验结果,本文着重探讨昌马地震发震断裂的构造演化及其应力集中部位的破裂错动过程。从宏观的角度提出了多破裂错动起始点的昌马地震断层模式     

COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE CHOICE OF OPERATOR AND SAMPLING INTERVAL FOR NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN LARGE-SCALE SIMULATION OF WAVE PHENOMENA*

Conventional finite-difference operators for numerical differentiation become progressively inaccurate at higher frequencies and therefore require very fine computational grids. This problem is avoided when the derivatives are computed by multiplication in the Fourier domain. However, because matrix transpositions are involved, efficient application of this method is restricted to computational environments where the complete data volume required by each computational step can be kept in random access memory. To circumvent these problems a generalized numerical dispersion analysis for wave equation computations is developed. Operators for spatial differentiation can then be designed by minimizing the corresponding peak relative error in group velocity within a spatial frequency band. For specified levels of maximum relative error in group velocity ranging from 0.03% to 3%, differentiators have been designed that have the largest possible bandwidth for a given operator length. The relation between operator length and the required number of grid points per shortest wavelength, for a required accuracy, provides a useful starting point for the design of cost-effective numerical schemes. To illustrate this, different alternatives for numerical simulation of the time evolution of acoustic waves in three-dimensional inhomogeneous media are investigated. It is demonstrated that algorithms can be implemented that require fewer arithmetic and I/O operations by orders of magnitude compared to conventional second-order finite-difference schemes to yield results with a specified minimum accuracy.