宁芜云台山黄铁矿矿床中黄铁矿矿物的初步研究

宁芜云台山黄铁矿矿床中黄铁矿矿物以自形晶为主 ,次为他形粒状 ;黄铁矿晶胞参数为 5 .415 2 3～ 5 .41843× 10 -10 m ,晶体化学式为 (Fe0 .9968Co0 .0 0 0 6Ni0 .0 0 2 6) 1.0 0 0 0 S2 .0 597;黄铁矿红外吸收光谱主吸收峰值为 34 8cm-1,最小透过率为 30 .0 0 %～ 48.80 % ,透过率极差为 31.13～ 47.5 1;黄铁矿中Fe平均含量为 45 .44 % ,S平均含量 5 3.91% ,具有富S特征 ;Co/Ni平均值为 0 .2 1;稀土元素总量平均为2 1.84× 10 -6,具有明显负铈异常 (δCe :0 .76～ 0 .93)和负铕异常 (δEu :0 .72～ 0 .90 ) ;硫同位素组成δ3 4S为 7.0 0‰～ 2 3.0 0‰ ,黄铁矿是含矿热液以堆积、充填和交代方式形成 ,黄铁矿床为火山热水沉积矿床。     

西天山智博铁矿床黄铁矿成分特征及硫同位素研究

智博大型磁铁矿床位于新疆西天山阿吾拉勒铁铜成矿带东段,主要矿石矿物为磁铁矿,主要共生金属矿物为黄铁矿。文章通过对黄铁矿进行矿物成因研究来推测矿床成因及特征。本次研究选择2个成矿期的矿石及围岩中的黄铁矿进行电子探针及硫同位素研究。电子探针数据显示岩浆期黄铁矿w(Co)平均为4703×10~(-6),大于热液期w(Co)(735.71×10~(-6)),Co/Ni比值(平均18.53)也大于热液期黄铁矿Co/Ni比值(平均0.96);S/Se比值多数集中于1000～8000之间。部分Co/Ni、Se/Te、S/Se比值落入热液成因范围内,暗示了热液流体参与成矿的可能性。而Co-Co/Ni图解显示岩浆期矿石和热液期矿石具有一定的继承性。黄铁矿中δ~(34)S值介于-1.2‰和0.3‰之间,表明硫主要来源于幔源硫。智博铁矿床矿石主要为岩浆成因,但岩浆期后热液及其他热液流体也参与了晚阶段的成矿作用。     

宁芜向山式硫铁矿地质及矿床成因新探

宁芜具有高地热场的火山断陷盆地 ,形成于晚侏罗世 ,消亡于晚白垩世。该盆地火山活动形成的龙王山、大王山、姑山和娘娘山 4个喷发旋回 ,堆积了厚约 2 5 0 0m的陆相中基性酸性碱性火山岩系 ,在晚侏罗世沉积了硬石膏、硫铁矿层。硫铁矿在沉积特征上具有热水沉积的由稀粗转为细密的条纹—条带状构造及喷发角砾岩和硅质岩特征。电子探针所测之黄铁矿中铁的平均含量 4 5 .85 % ,硫的平均含量 5 3 .5 9% ,具有富S特征 ;稀土元素总量平均 2 .2 0× 10 -6 ～ 17.3 9× 10 -6 ,平均为 7.2 9× 10 -6 ,具有明显的负铈异常 (δCe:0 .4 9～ 0 .93 )。硫同位素组成δ34 S常见值为 10‰～ 2 3‰ ,以富重硫为特征。通过对硅质岩、硬石膏岩等常量与微量、稀土元素和稳定同位素分析结果来看 ,均表现出热水沉积的特点 ,热水沉积在向山式高品位优质硫铁矿矿床形成过程中 ,占据重要的地位。     

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田富钴硫化物中钴的地球化学特征及其地质意义

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田白草矿区发育富钴硫化物矿物,关于其成因和形成环境方面的研究较为薄弱。本文采用矿物学、矿物化学、地球化学等方法对其进行系统研究。矿石中主要富钴硫化物为磁黄铁矿（Po）、黄铁矿（Py）、镍黄铁矿（Pn）、硫钴镍矿（Se）。磁黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.21%、0.42%,Co/Ni平均值为1.10;黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.18%、0.29%,Co/Ni平均值为0.77;镍黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为2.67%、34.30%,Ni/Fe平均值为1.08、S/Fe平均值为1.91、M/S^#平均值为1.13;硫钴镍矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为24.30%、22.90%,Co/Ni平均值为1.06。根据Po-Py矿物温度计,白草矿区富钴硫化物结晶温度在267~490℃之间,表明其形成于中高温的条件。通过与地幔包体镍黄铁矿S/Fe、M/S^#特征值的对比,结合磁黄铁矿具有陨硫铁（Tr）同质多象晶体的特征,认为白草矿区硫化物具有地幔源的特征,说明成矿物质来源于地幔。白草矿区钴地球化学特征研究表明,在硫化物熔体分离过程中,钴迁移至单硫化物固溶体形成Po-Py固溶体,再由Po-Py固溶体中迁移至Pn、Se,形成了Se、Pn、Po-Py、Ccp（黄铜矿）中Co质量分数依次递减的现象。     

海相火山岩型铁铜矿床黄铁矿中C↓O/Ni比值特征及其地质意义

在深入研究矿床地质和矿化特征的基础上,查明黄铁矿中Co、Ni的分布特点可为研究矿床成因和成矿作用提供重要信息.本文收集7个与古海底火山活动有关的铁铜矿床黄铁矿中Co、Ni含量资料(表1),并计算了Co/Ni比值、平均值及Co/Ni比值的均方差(表2). 从表1、表2可得出以下几点: 1.所列矿床单个黄铁矿样品的Co/Ni比值绝大部分大于1,仅个别小于1,但平均值均大于1.     

甘肃花牛山铅锌银矿床成因：来自原位S、Pb同位素及微量元素的约束

甘肃花牛山铅锌银矿床位于中亚造山带中段的甘肃北山地区。本文在详细的野外观察和室内鉴定的基础上,将花牛山铅锌银矿床成矿阶段划分为石英-毒砂-黄铁矿(第Ⅰ成矿阶段)和石英-多金属硫化物(第Ⅱ成矿阶段)两个阶段;进一步将黄铁矿划分为三种类型,分别为第一种类型的胶状黄铁矿(Py0)、第二种类型的热液叠加交代特征的黄铁矿(Py Ⅰ)及第三种类型的热液黄铁矿(PyⅡ)。黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿的原位硫同位素研究表明,成矿从早到晚硫化物δ~(34)S值呈递增的规律,具有逐渐向岩浆硫演化的趋势;胶状黄铁矿δ~(34)S值为-9.37‰～-8.10‰,具有沉积(生物成因)硫的特征;成矿第Ⅰ阶段硫化物δ~(34)S值为-9.03‰～-7.03‰,成矿第Ⅱ阶段硫化物δ~(34)S值为-5.77‰～-4.88‰,成矿阶段具有沉积硫与岩浆硫混合来源的特征。黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿的原位铅同位素研究表明,成矿期硫化物的~(206)Pb/~(204) Pb值、~(207)Pb/~(204) Pb值、~(208) Pb/~(204) Pb值以及μ、ω等铅同位素特征值组成范围较窄,铅源为与岩浆作用有关的壳幔混合来源,且与壳幔混合来源的晚三叠世花岗岩中长石铅及其控制的矽卡岩型金矿硫化物铅同位素组成类似。黄铁矿原位微量元素研究表明,胶状黄铁矿(Py0) Co/Ni和S/Se 比值分别为0.004～0.34和3.43 × 10~4～34.84 × 10~4,Se含量为1.558 × 10~(-6)～15.82 × 10~(-6),表现为沉积成因黄铁矿的特征。具有热液叠加交代特征Py Ⅰ的Co/Ni和S/Se 比值分别为0.05～3.38、0.05 ×10~4～5.38 ×10~4,Se含量为10.09 × 10~(-6)～1070 × 10~(-6),数值分布范围广,总体上有别于沉积成因黄铁矿,类似于热液成因黄铁矿的特征。热液黄铁矿(Py Ⅱ)的Co/Ni和S/Se 比值分别为0.60-68.88、1.46 × 10~4～9.15 × 10~4,Se含量为5.938 × 10~(-6)-35.91 × 10~(-6),表现为热液成因的特征。综上研究,认为花牛山矿床经历了南华纪-震旦纪沉积胶状黄铁矿形成期和晚三叠世岩浆热液成矿期,胶状黄铁矿在成矿过程中提供了部分硫,成矿金属物质主要来自晚三叠世岩浆成矿热液,并认为矿床成因为岩浆热液型矿床。     

云南思茅盆地上白垩统勐野井组自形黄铁矿成因及地质意义

云南思茅盆地位于特提斯成矿带东南段,上白垩统勐野井组是该区域一套广泛分布的含盐地层,该组内赋存有中国目前唯一的前第四纪固体钾盐矿床。对思茅盆地江城地区勐野井组石膏和黄铁矿样品,利用电子探针和质谱仪进行了主、微量元素和硫同位素分析,结果表明黄铁矿的n(S)/n(Fe)平均值为202,为硫富集型黄铁矿;黄铁矿的w(Co)/w(Ni)值为301~1074,变化范围较大;黄铁矿的δ34SV-CDT值为-836‰~-336‰,平均值为-633‰,而石膏的δ34SV-CDT值为66‰~107‰,平均值为948‰。通过对黄铁矿n(S)/n(Fe)、w(Co)/w(Ni)、硫同位素以及石膏硫同位素进行分析,认为勐野井组石膏层在成岩期后受到了热液蚀变的作用,热液蚀变导致石膏被还原形成S2-,S2-与热液带来的Fe结合形成了粒状黄铁矿。通过对思茅盆地江城地区勐野井组黄铁矿、石膏的成因机制研究得出,受印度板块俯冲活动控制,深部热液对该区上白垩统勐野井组内原生蒸发岩有明显改造作用并有多种金属矿物伴生。思茅盆地晚白垩世以来热液活动频繁,多期次的热液作用对盆地金属成矿有积极影响,对勐野井组钾盐有不利的改造作用,使得原生钾盐发生蚀变,普遍发生重结晶作用。     

胶东罗山金矿床成矿流体来源:蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石载金黄铁矿稀土与微量元素特征约束

罗山金矿床是胶东玲珑金矿田最大的金矿床之一,同时发育蚀变岩型矿化和石英脉型矿化。本研究在系统的野外和镜下工作基础上,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术分析了载金黄铁矿的微量和稀土元素,对比了蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石载金黄铁矿稀土和微量元素特征,探讨了成矿流体的性质与来源。黄铁矿稀土总含量较低,多呈较明显的"右倾"式稀土配分模式,总体表现出负Eu异常,基本无Ce异常; Hf/Sm、Th/La、Nb/La值均<1,推断成矿流体为富Cl的还原性流体。Co/Ni比值范围在0. 08～3. 77,平均值为1. 09; Co/Ni值以及Co、Ni、Bi、Cu和Zn含量均与变质热液型金矿平均含量相近; Y/Ho比值范围总体在21～32之间,与中国东部大陆地壳Y/Ho比值(20～35)基本重合;结合个别样品的弱正Eu异常以及前人的研究成果,推断成矿流体与变质热液类似,主要来源于古太平洋板块俯冲板片脱水和脱碳作用,且可能有长英质岩浆流体和地壳流体的混入。蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石内的载金黄铁矿的稀土、微量元素组成没有明显区别,Y/Ho、Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值变化范围均很小,表明两类矿石的载金黄铁矿为同一期热液活动作用的产物。     

贵州遵义锰矿区“白泥塘层”硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

遵义锰矿区锰矿体底部发育一套碳泥质硅质岩建造,称为"白泥塘层",主要由微晶石英和隐晶质玉髓组成,常含少量的碳泥质、黄铁矿和碳酸盐矿物等。"白泥塘层"硅质岩与含锰建造呈连生关系,环绕含锰建造分布。本文通过对代表性的硅质岩样品主量和微量-稀土元素及氧同位素地球化学分析,发现其SiO2含量范围为95.00%⁹8.80%,均值为96.86%,表明其属于化学成分比较纯净的硅质岩;TFeO、MnO含量相对富集,Al2O3、TiO2含量相对亏损,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti和Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)的均值分别为83.80、93.90和0.21,与热水沉积物相似,表明其具有热水沉积特征;微量以富集As、Sb、Cd、U,而亏损Co、Ni、Ga为特征,其中U/Th平均比值为2.66,Ni/Co平均比值为1.58,表现出热水沉积岩的微量元素地球化学特征;稀土总量较低,均值为56.91×10-6,δ(Eu)=0.9198.80%,均值为96.86%,表明其属于化学成分比较纯净的硅质岩;TFeO、MnO含量相对富集,Al2O3、TiO2含量相对亏损,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti和Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)的均值分别为83.80、93.90和0.21,与热水沉积物相似,表明其具有热水沉积特征;微量以富集As、Sb、Cd、U,而亏损Co、Ni、Ga为特征,其中U/Th平均比值为2.66,Ni/Co平均比值为1.58,表现出热水沉积岩的微量元素地球化学特征;稀土总量较低,均值为56.91×10-6,δ(Eu)=0.91¹.42,Eu异常不显著,δ(Ce)=0.471.42,Eu异常不显著,δ(Ce)=0.47¹.03,大部分样品具有负Ce异常特征,稀土元素北美页岩标准化配分模式图略呈重稀土富集特征,与典型热水沉积硅质岩稀土元素配分模式相似;硅质岩δ18OSMOW值,与热泉硅华及生物成因硅质岩比较接近。综上,"白泥塘层"硅质岩可能属于热水沉积成因,在沉积的过程中混有非化学沉积物。     

拉拉铜矿黄铁矿微量元素地球化学特征及其成因意义

四川会理拉拉铜矿床是我国著名大型富铜矿床,针对该矿床中黄铁矿的微量元素、稀土元素地球化学分析表明:拉拉铜矿经历了早期火山喷发成岩成矿和晚期变质成岩成矿作用.条带状矿石中的黄铁矿Co/Ni比值集中于4.92～79.2之间,落入火山成因黄铁矿区,稀土元素分布具有Eu正异常和轻稀土富集的特征,反映矿床具有伴随河口群火山喷流沉积成岩过程的同生沉积成矿作用.脉状矿石中的黄铁矿Co/Ni比值集中于1.10～3.45,落在热液成因黄铁矿区,稀土元素较河口群岩石及其他典型块状硫化物矿床矿石稀土元素更加富集轻稀土元素,稀土含量变化范围更大,显著的负Eu异常,则又说明,矿床形成的主要成矿作用是伴随新元古代晋宁运动而发生的大规模的变质作用.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861