贵州冻雨时空分布及对应临近环流特征分析

利用贵州29个站冻雨日数资料和500hPa高度场资料,借助EOF展开、功率谱分析及其它诊断技术,分析贵州冻雨空间分布特征、时间演变规律以及对应临近环流分布特征。结果表明:贵州冻雨区主要集中在省之西北部;贵州冻雨年际变化主要表现为12月冻雨有准8a振荡周期,1月冻雨有准4a变化周期,整个冬季也存在准4a变化;年代际变化主要表现为从20世纪80年代中期开始,贵州冻雨强度就有减弱的趋势;其临近11月500hPa高度场异常对贵州后期冻雨强弱具有较好的指示作用,尤其是欧亚地区上空环流的异常,对贵州冻雨异常的指示作用更是突出。主要表现为当临近11月中高纬欧亚地区上空为异常低压环流所控制,而对应高纬度北极圈为异常高压环流控制时,一般预示贵州是一个弱冻雨年,反之,则为强冻雨年。     

中国西南贵州地区冬季凝冻日数的气候特征及其异常成因

利用贵州84个国家气象观测站逐日观测资料,NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料以及英国Hadley中心全球逐月海温（HadISST）资料,对中国西南贵州地区冬季凝冻日数的气候特征及其异常成因进行了研究。结果表明：贵州地区有69个站点（占比85.2%）的单次凝冻过程最长连续日数和63个站点（占比77.8%）的冬季凝冻总日数极值出现在1976年、 1983年和2007年,其中以威宁的66 d(1976年)和39 d(2007年)为最多;贵州地区冬季凝冻日数的主模态（方差65.04%）呈全区一致型分布,大值中心位于贵州中部;在贵州地区冬季凝冻日数异常偏多年,欧亚中高纬地区的乌拉尔山阻塞高压和东亚大槽共同作用在东亚地区形成稳定的经向环流,而中亚地区低值系统活跃并引导阻塞高压和蒙古冷高压前部的冷空气南下,在贵州及其以北地区的对流层低层形成浅薄的异常冷垫。同时,来自孟加拉湾和南海的对流层低层暖湿气流在异常环流圈作用下沿着云贵准静止锋锋区附近的冷空气堆边缘爬行抬升,在贵州上空对流层中形成上暖下冷的不稳定垂直层结异常,导致贵州冬季凝冻的形成。此外,分别来自上游的北大西洋地区和低纬热带地区的波扰动能量传播...     

贵州冬季凝冻特征及环流分型研究

利用1983—2013年12月—次年2月贵州省84站凝冻过程观测资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,采用EOF、聚类分析、Lamb-Jenkinson环流分型等方法,分析了贵州省冬季凝冻过程的空间分布特征和冬季环流分型。结果表明:贵州省中部一线的区域凝冻发生频率最高,安顺西部至黔南州西南部区域凝冻持续时间最长,贵州北部及东南部部分地区凝冻发生频率较低且持续时间短,因此受灾程度最轻。全省各站冬季凝冻日数一致偏多或偏少的情况所占比例接近80%。以贵州冬季凝冻过程中凝冻日数为研究对象,可划分为4类,即特重凝冻区、重凝冻区、中凝冻区和轻凝冻区。Lamb-Jenkinson环流分型方法适用于贵州区域,在贵州冬季凝冻过程中W型环流占98.1%。12—次年2月各月W型环流所占百分率依次为92.7%、95.5%和95.0%,Lamb-Jenkinson环流分型结果可以更准确地体现贵州区域冬季各类环流的型态特征。     

贵州冬季冻雨的大尺度环流特征及海温异常的影响

利用1981-2013年贵州冬季冻雨资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和NOAA海温资料等,分析了影响贵州冬季冻雨日数的大尺度环流系统,讨论了海温异常对冬季冻雨日数的可能影响。基于赤道中东太平洋海温异常建立冬季冻雨日数的预测模型,并检验了模型的预测能力。研究表明:贵州冬季冻雨日数偏多(少)年,大气环流异常呈现出西伯利亚高压偏强(弱)、东亚地区海陆气压差偏大(小)的强(弱)东亚冬季风环流特征,同期印缅槽偏强(弱)、东亚副热带急流偏强(弱)。贵州冬季冻雨日数多寡与ENSO事件存在密切联系,秋、冬季赤道中东太平洋冷(暖)海温发展有利于冬季冻雨日数偏多(少)。前期秋季赤道太平洋Ni?o区海温异常是显著影响贵州冬季冻雨日数的年际预报信号,对贵州冬季冻雨日数的多寡具有较好的预测指示意义。     

2004年冬季贵州省凝冻特征及天气系统分析

利用1961～2004年冬季贵州省84个测站凝冻日数资料,分析了2004年冬季(2004年12月～2005年2月)贵州省凝冻天气的时空分布特征,结果表明2004年冬季在省的中部一线有3个明显的重凝冻中心,主要出现了6次持续凝冻天气过程,其中强度最强、持续时间最长、影响范围最严重的是2004年12月23日到2005年1月2日的凝冻天气过程,6个测站达到特重级凝冻标准;与过去40a相比,省的中部一线较常年同期明显偏重,全省平均凝冻日数也是20世纪90年代以来较重的年份,凝冻集中期全省平均温度是1986年以来最冷的一年.分析这6次凝冻天气过程的天气系统,都是有偏北路径冷空气南下影响贵州,在贵州南部形成静止锋;同时高空有低槽东移影响,并且有冷空气不断补充,静止锋活跃,使凝冻天气得以持续.     

贵州夏季暴雨的气候特征

 利用贵州52个测站的1961-2006年历年夏季（6-8月）逐日降水资料,分析了贵州夏季暴雨的时空分布特征、周期振荡及其突变特征。结果表明：46 a来贵州夏季暴雨量呈增加趋势,并存在明显的年际、年代际变化特征;暴雨日数和暴雨量在1985年发生突变;暴雨日数和暴雨量均存在15 a和准10 a的周期振荡;暴雨日数和暴雨量EOF分解的第一特征向量的荷载场空间分布基本一致,表明全省呈偏多（少）的一致型同位相分布。     

贵州夏季暴雨的气候特征

利用贵州52个测站的1961-2006年历年夏季（6-8月）逐日降水资料,分析了贵州夏季暴雨的时空分布特征、周期振荡及其突变特征。结果表明：46 a来贵州夏季暴雨量呈增加趋势,并存在明显的年际、年代际变化特征;暴雨日数和暴雨量在1985年发生突变;暴雨日数和暴雨量均存在15 a和准10 a的周期振荡;暴雨日数和暴雨量EOF分解的第一特征向量的荷载场空间分布基本一致,表明全省呈偏多（少）的一致型同位相分布。     

中国冻雨的时空分布特征及其对特高压输电线路的影响

掌握冻雨的时空分布特征对于电力、交通、通信、农林等部门具有较高的指导意义。前期冻雨研究多基于站点观测资料,受限于该资料长度较短、分布不均与部分缺失等因素,目前对我国冻雨时空分布特征的认识可能尚存不足。新一代ERA5再分析资料中包含了其他再分析资料所未提供的冻雨资料,为进一步认识我国冻雨时空分布特征提供了可能。本文使用ERA5冻雨资料分析了1979～2020年我国年冻雨日数和年冻雨量的时空分布特征,结果表明:我国年冻雨日数和年冻雨量集中分布在贵州、湖南等地,直接影响7条“西电东送”特高压直流输电线路,影响长度总计约4900 km;冻雨集中分布地区的年冻雨日数及年冻雨量均呈下降趋势;年冻雨日数EOF（Empirical Orthogonal Function）第一模态（方差贡献36.96%）主要分布在黑河—腾冲线以东,总体呈下降趋势,且以秦岭—淮河线为界呈南北反相分布;年冻雨日数EOF第二模态（方差贡献11.56%）反映出中国冻雨集中地区的2个局地反相分布区,位相交替周期为1~5年;年冻雨量EOF模态的时空特征同年冻雨日数类似。     

1981—2010年贵阳冬季冻雨日数时空分布变化特征

该文利用1981—2010年贵州冬季的日降水资料以及冻雨资料分析了近30 a发生冻雨天气日数的统计特征。研究表明:无论是各年冻雨发生频次还是30 a总频次,开阳地区都为最多,在趋势检验中,开阳和乌当地区虽有明显的减少趋势,但并未通过95%信度检验,只有贵阳有显著增多的趋势,空间分布呈由贵阳向外发散逐渐减少趋势。根据各月的统计特征表明,各地区冻雨主要发生在1、2月,并且开阳在各月相对其他地区发生冻雨概率最大,花溪最小。总体来看,在全市冻雨发生频次无明显增多或减少趋势,冻雨发生频次的主周期为4 a,第二显著周期为12 a,各级冻雨频次的空间分布均呈由东北向西南减少的趋势。     

1961~2019年贵阳冬季凝冻时空特征与异常成因

利用1961~2019年贵阳8个地面观测站冬季（12月~次年2月）雨凇观测资料和北半球500hPa高度场、全球气温场及欧亚水平风场资料,通过EOF、M-K、小波及合成分析方法,对贵阳冬季凝冻日数的时空特征及其与北半球500hPa高度场、全球海温场及欧亚水平风场的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:近59年贵阳市冬季及各月平均凝冻日数为10.7d,由西南部向东北部逐渐增多,开阳东北部凝冻日数达到20d以上;凝冻日数变化趋势具有高度一致性,12月与冬季凝冻日数变化为显著正相关,突变多发于20世纪70~80年代末,在1980~1990年及2005~2015年出现4a的显著周期变化;强凝冻年500hPa高度距平合成场欧亚大陆的位势高度呈现“北高南低”分布,强弱年差值距平场欧亚大陆中高纬地区表现为“北正南负”,北半球高纬度地区格陵兰、北美及乌拉尔山-西伯利亚一带为正距平;强凝冻年赤道中东太平洋秋季海温距平为负,引起纬向环流加强,水汽交换增加;高层辐散低层辐合以及偏北强风带南下低空冷锋生成,利于西南水汽输送到云贵高原东北部与北方的冷空气交汇,为凝冻产生创造了条件。      

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.