Palynostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene Deposits in the South of Western Siberia by Example of Russkaya Polyana Boreholes,Omsk Trough

The detailed study of Boreholes 8, 10, and 2 in the Russkaya Polyana district (Omsk Trough) made it possible to reveal the complex structure of the Upper Cretaceous sediments formed in unstable conditions of the marginal part of the Western Siberian basin. The Pokur, Kuznetsovo, Ipatovo, Slavgorod, and Gan’kino formations were subjected to palynological analysis and substantiation of their Late Cretaceous age. Eight biostratigraphic units with dinocysts and five units with spores and pollen from the Albian to the Maastrichtian were identified. The joint application of biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic methods made it possible to reveal the stratigraphic breaks in the studied sedimentary stratum and to estimate their scope. The age of the Lower Lyulinvor Subformation was specified in the marginal part of the Omsk Trough. The ingression traces of the Western Siberian basin in the Albian were found for the first time in the considered region.     

Paleomagnetism of the Paleogene-Neogene continental sediments of the Om’ basin (southern West Siberia)

The paper presents the results of detailed paleomagnetic studies of the Paleogene-Neogene continental sediments stripped by borehole 8 in southwestern West Siberia (Russkaya Polyana district, Omsk Region), near the Kazakhstan frontier. According to the previous biostratigraphic data, the sediments under study formed from Rupelian to Ruscinian. The results of stepwise thermal demagnetization and alternating-field demagnetization were used to carry out a component analysis of natural remanent magnetization, which revealed characteristic (primary) remanent magnetization (ChRM). The compiled paleomagnetic section, which includes seven regional horizons and same-named formations (Oligocene Atlym, Novomikhailovka, and Zhuravka Formations and Neogene Abrosimovka, Beshcheul, Tavolzhan, and Novaya Stanitsa Formations), was compared with the Cenozoic polarity scale for the West Siberian Plate. This made it possible to assess the completeness of the geologic section of the Paleogene and Neogene continental sediments in borehole 8 and to record the magnetozones and their fragments missing from the magnetostratigraphic section (for some intervals, in absolute chronology). The comparison shows that the magnetostratigraphic section of the studied sediments at the edges of the Om’ basin is approximately twice shorter than that of the basin center.     

Paleontological and magnetostratigraphic data on Upper Cretaceous deposits from borehole no. 8 (Russkaya Polyana District, Southwestern Siberia)

This work presents results of complex research (palynological, macro- and microfaunistic, and paleomagnetic) of Upper Cretaceous deposits, opened by borehole no. 8 in the Russkaya Polyana District (the southern margin of the Omsk Depression, Southwestern Siberia). The paleontological data obtained allowed us to establish the age of deposits. Based on dinocysts, nannoplankton and spore-pollen complexes, the section of borehole no. 8 has been divided into Pokur, Kuznetsovo, Ipatovo, Slavgorod, and Gan’kino Formations. This work gives data on the composition of zonal palynomorphs, nannoplankton, and microfaunistic complexes. Based on the complex data obtained, the magnetostratigraphic section of Upper Cretaceous deposits has been developed. The section consists of three magnetozones: normal and two reversed polarity magnetozones. The Pokur, Kuznetsovo and Ipatovo Formation (Cenomanian-Santonian) belong to the long normal polarity magnetozone; the Slavgorod and Gan’kino Formations (Campanian-Maastrichtian), separated by a stratigraphic break, belong to reversed polarity magnetozones. The magnetostratigraphic section has been correlated with the general magnetostratigraphic and magnetochronological time scales.     

Composition and depositional environments of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Mar’yanovo formation (Southeastern West Siberian Sea Basin)

The study of the composition and depositional environments of sediments from the Mar’yanovo Formation (Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Bazhenov and Georgiev horizons) recovered by boreholes Vostok-1 and Vostok-3 in the southeastern part of the West Siberian Sea Basin revealed the following fact: in the latter hole located closer to the basin boundaries as compared with the former one, they are characterized by lower organic carbon and pyrite contents, indicating reduced salinity of the basin and higher oxidation degree of sediments. The same trend is derived from comparison of rocks from the Mar’yanovo Formation in both holes with the over- and underlying strata. In Borehole Vostok-4, the closet one to the former shoreline of the basin, the Mar’yanovo Formation is indistinguishable. Intense chemical weathering of rocks in provenances during their deposition noted by Kontorovich et al. (1971) is considered a most important factor responsible for its composition and formation conditions. Elevated influx of dissolved weathering products into the sea basin intensified its biogenic activity and stimulated the accumulation of high organic matter concentrations. This inference is valid for all Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous organic carbon-rich sediments that are synchronous to the Mar’yanovo Formation and developed over a spacious area of the West Siberian basin.     

Reasons for the outbreak of microphytoplankton productivity in the late Oligocene Turtas Lake–Sea,Western Siberia

Palynological (dinocysts) and geochemical data were compared for the first time for Paleogene sediments of borehole no. 8 (settlement of Russkaya Polyana, Omsk oblast). The layers with a concentrated amount of dinocysts of the genus Pseudokomewuia (20.5% of the palynocomplex) are characterized by higher contents of Fe, P, Ti, Nb, Ta, and W. The microphytoplankton bloom (an analog of the present-day red tides) in the late Oligocene Turtas Lake–Sea was probably caused by a greater contribution of nutrient substances from the continent during the transgression of this basin. Comparative analysis of the geochemical features of marine and continental Paleogene sediments from borehole no. 8 showed that the Turtas basin was either freshwater or had brackish water.     

Comparative analysis of marine paleogene sections and biota from West Siberia and the Arctic Region

The analysis of the main biospheric events that took place in West Siberia and the Arctic region during the Early Paleogene revealed the paleogeographic and paleobiogeographic unity of marine sedimentation basins and close biogeographic relations between their separate parts. Most biotic and abiotic events of the first half of the Paleogene in the Arctic region and West Siberia were synchronous, unidirectional, and interrelated. Shelf settings, sedimentation breaks, and microfaunal assemblages characteristic of these basins during the Paleogene are compared. The comparative analysis primarily concerned events of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and beds with Azolla (aquatic fern). The formation of the Eocene Azolla Beds in the Arctic region and West Siberia was asynchronous, although it proceeded in line with a common scenario related to the development of a system of estuarine-type currents in a sea basin partly isolated from the World Ocean.     

Stratigraphy and tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Upper Cretaceous–Tertiary sequence in the southern part of the Malatya Basin, East Anatolia, Turkey

The Malatya Basin is situated on the southern Taurus-Anatolian Platform. The southern part of the basin contains a sedimentary sequence which can be divided into four main units, each separated by an unconformity. From base to top, these are: (1) Permo-Carboniferous; (2) Upper Cretaceous–Lower Paleocene, (3) Middle-Upper Eocene and (4) Upper Miocene. The Upper Cretaceous–Tertiary sedimentary sequence resting on basement rocks is up to 700 m thick.The Permo-Carboniferous basement consist of dolomites and recrystallized limestones. The Upper Cretaceous–Lower Paleocene transgressive–regressive sequence shows a transition from terrestrial environments, via lagoonal to shallow-marine limestones to deep marine turbiditic sediments, followed upwards by shallow marine cherty limestones. The marine sediments contain planktic and benthic foraminifers indicating an upper Campanian, Maastrichtian and Danian age. The Middle-Upper Eocene is a transgressive–regressive sequence represented by terrestrial and lagoonal clastics, shallow-marine limestones and deep marine turbidites. The planktic and benthic foraminifers in the marine sediments indicate a Middle-Upper Eocene age. The upper Miocene sequence consists of a reddish-brown conglomerate–sandstone–mudstone alternation of alluvial and fluvial facies.During Late Cretaceous–Early Paleocene times, the Gündüzbey Group was deposited in the southern part of a fore-arc basin, simultaneously with volcanics belonging to the Yüksekova Group. During Middle-Late Eocene times, the Yeşilyurt Group was deposited in the northern part of the Maden Basin and the Helete volcanic arc. The Middle-Upper Eocene Malatya Basin was formed due to block faulting at the beginning of the Middle Eocene time. During the Late Paleocene–Early Eocene, and at the end of the Eocene, the study areas became continental due to the southward advance of nappe structures.The rock sequences in the southern part of the Malatya Basin may be divided into four tectonic units, from base to top: the lower allochthon, the upper allochthon, the parautochthon and autochthonous rock units.     

A review of Lower and Middle Palaeozoic biostratigraphy in west peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand in its context within the Sibumasu Terrane

Fossils from the Cambrian to Devonian rocks of southern Thailand, the Langkawi Islands, mainland Kedah, Perlis, north Perak and central West Peninsular Malaysia are listed and reviewed, and their stratigraphy and correlation reassessed. The hitherto anomalous record of the trilobite Dalmanitina from Malaysia is reviewed and found to be of latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) age, rather than Lower Silurian age as previously reported, and is considered a probable synonym of the widespread Mucronaspis mucronata. A new stratigraphical nomenclature is erected for part of the Langkawi, mainland Kedah and Perlis area successions, in which the term Setul Limestone (which stretched from the Ordovician to the Devonian) is abandoned and replaced by the Middle Ordovician Kaki Bukit Limestone, the late Ordovician and early Silurian Tanjong Dendang Formation, the Silurian Mempelam Limestone, and the early Devonian Timah Tasoh Formation, all underlying the paraconformity with the late Devonian Langgun Red Beds. There was a single depositional basin in the generally shallow-water and cratonic areas of southern Thailand, Langkawi, and mainland Kedah and Perlis, in contrast to the deeper-water basin of north Perak. Only Silurian rocks are dated with certainty within another basin in central West Malaysia, near Kuala Lumpur, which were also cratonic and shallow-water, although to the east in west Pahang there are basal Devonian deeper-water sediments with graptolites. The area is reviewed in its position within the Sibumasu Terrane, which, in the Palaeozoic, also included central and northern Thailand, Burma (Myanmar) and southwest China (part of Yunnan Province).     

The Jurassic orthopteran Allaboilus gigantus Ren and Meng, 2006 (Prophalangopsidae) from Beipiao,Northeast China and its biostratigraphical significance

The orthopteran Allaboilus gigantus Ren and Meng, 2006 (Prophalangopsidae) is reported based on a male forewing from the Middle-Upper Jurassic Haifanggou Formation of Beipiao, western Liaoning, China. This discovery greatly extends the distribution of the species from Daohugou in Inner Mongolia eastwards to Beipiao in western Liaoning. It further provides new evidence for correlation of the Daohugou Beds with the Haifanggou Formation indicating a Callovian-early Oxfordian age for the Daohugou Beds.     

徐州贾汪地区中—上寒武统藻礁,风暴层与海平面变化

笔者详细研究了徐州贾汪地区中－上寒武统的二郎山等剖面,将张夏组－凤山组划分为３个各具特色的三级层序,根据各层序内副层序的堆叠形式进一上划分出海侵体系域（ＴＳＴ）凝缩段（ＣＳ）及高位体系域（ＨＳＴ）其中张夏层序的藻礁为中－晚寒武世期间发育的最大规模碳酸盐岩缓坡藻礁,崮山层序凝胶缩代表中－晚寒武世最大海泛（海侵）期沉积,长山－凤山层序顶部白云岩代表中－晚寒武世最小海平面（海退）时期的沉积。     

Benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the tertiary sediments from the Elazig and Malatya Basins,Eastern Turkey

Tertiary sequences in the Elazig and Malatya Basins, eastern part of Taurus Orogenic Belt, are investigated with the aim of defining the benthic foraminiferal biozones. Tertiary geological units from bottom to top are as follows: Basement rocks, Zorban Formation, Yildiztepe Formation, Suludere Formation, Gedik Formation (Malatya Basin); Elazig Magmatics, Keban Metamorphics, Harami Formation, Kuscular Formation, Seske Formation, Kirkgecit Formation (Elazig Basin). Middle-Upper Eocene Yildiztepe, Suludere and Gedik Formations; Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene Seske Formation and Middle-Upper Eocene Kirkgecit Formation are all characterized by interbedded clastics and carbonate rocks. Six stratigraphic sections are studied in detail for foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Eight benthic foraminiferal biozones are reported. These are; Coskinolina rajkae biozone in the Late Paleocene (Thanetian), Assilina yvettae, Idalina sinjarica biozones in the Late Paleocene; Asterocyclina alticostata gallica biozone in the Early Eocene (Late Cuisian), Nummulites millecaput biozone in the Middle Eocene (Middle Lutetian), Nummulites aturicus biozone in the Middle Eocene (Late Lutetian), Nummulites perforatus biozone in the Middle Eocene (Bartonian), Nummulites fabianii biozone in the Late Eocene (Priabonian). Some key taxa are illustrated.     

藏南亚东堆纳地区古近纪钙藻化石与沉积环境

西藏南部发育着连续的海相古近纪地层,亚东地区是特提斯演化晚期残留海的居留地,保存着西藏最年轻的海相沉积(即最高海相层),其时代标志着残留海盆消亡的时间。研究最高海相层可以为东特提斯晚期演化及其封闭时限提供良好信息。亚东堆纳地区古鲁浦剖面宗浦组顶部和遮普惹组含有较丰富的钙藻化石,本研究鉴定出红藻门珊瑚藻科7属11种(含3个未定种),绿藻门粗枝藻科4属4种(含1个未定种)及松藻科1属1种,据其分布特征划分出3个化石组合,自下而上分别为： Lithoporella melobesioides Lithophyllum carpathicum、Lithoporella melobesioides Ovulites margaritula、Distichoplex biserialis Jania denotata组合。推测堆纳地区在晚古新世至始新世时期总体处于浅海陆棚环境,海水逐渐变浅,在始新世晚期海水深度可能已不足30 m。     

西准噶尔南部玛依勒洋盆开启、闭合时限:来自中泥盆统与下伏地质体之间角度不整合关系的证据

新疆西准噶尔南部地区出露多条蛇绿岩,其中玛依勒蛇绿岩是该地区比较重要的蛇绿岩之一,其所代表的古洋盆的开启、闭合时限一直是地学界争论的焦点。详细的野外调查发现:玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩呈构造岩块的形式就位于中-上志留统玛依拉山岩群复理石基质中或与寒武纪杂岩体在空间上密切共生,表明玛依勒蛇绿岩所代表的古洋盆至少在寒武纪时期就已经开启,一直持续到中-晚志留世;中泥盆统库鲁木迪组分别角度不整合于中-上志留统玛依拉山岩群和寒武纪杂岩体之上,从而限定了玛依勒洋盆闭合时限的上限为中泥盆世之前。地层剖面分析发现库鲁木迪组与玛依拉山岩群之间在岩性特征、地层序列、沉积环境等方面均存在显著差异,表明晚古生代早期是西准噶尔地区构造演化发展的重要转换时期,库鲁木迪组下部的陆相沉积序列是对玛依勒早古生代洋盆闭合过程的沉积学响应。这将对进一步研究西准噶尔的构造演化和古生代中亚地区的构造格局提供了重要的制约。     

广西来宾蓬莱滩剖面中上二叠统硅质岩的地球化学特征及沉积背景

广西来宾地区中上二叠统广泛发育硅质岩,蓬莱滩剖面和铁桥剖面是本地区中上二叠统出露最好的剖面.本文对蓬莱滩剖面28件硅质岩(分别为中二叠统茅口组3件与上二叠统合山组25件)的主量和稀土元素进行了分析研究,并结合岩石学特征,认为:蓬莱滩剖面合山组硅质岩沉积于受到陆源物质影响的边缘海盆环境,它们的硅质主要来源于硅质生物,为生物成因;而其茅口组硅质岩则沉积于远离陆源物质影响的边缘海盆环境,它们的硅质主要来源于热液,为热液成因.通过与铁桥剖面的热液成因硅质岩的沉积背景对比研究,结果表明:中晚二叠世时期,来宾地区为富硅的边缘海盆环境,而陆源物质输入程度的差异是造成本地区形成不同成因硅质岩的主要因素.     

Middle Eocene deformation–sedimentation in the Luracatao Valley: Tracking the beginning of the foreland basin of northwestern Argentina

The Andean foreland basin overlaps the Cretaceous-Paleogene Salta rift basin in northwestern Argentina. Knowledge of the relationship between rift and foreland basins is key to understanding the initial stages of foreland basin development related to Andean shortening. We present a new stratigraphic scheme for the Luracatao Valley, revealing that the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation (Payogastilla Group) lies over the Santa Bárbara Subgroup (Salta Group) through an erosional unconformity that turns into an angular unconformity close to folds and faults recorded in the Santa Bárbara Subgroup. The base of the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation shows growth strata along the west frontal limb of an anticline with Santa Bárbara units in its core. The finding of a mammalian fossil at the base of the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation allows us to assign a Middle-Upper Eocene age to the sedimentation; therefore, the time elapsed between the deposition of the final postrift strata and the beginning of Andean sedimentation was brief and constrained to the Lower-Middle Eocene. This data indicates that the Eocene deformation phase described in other portions of the Puna-Cordillera Oriental transition (e.g., the northern Calchaquí Valley and Aguilar range) is also present in the Luracatao Valley, offering new tools for interpreting the ages and distributions of the initial episodes of sedimentation and deformation related to the Andean shortening. Thus, the Luracatao Valley provides new evidence for tracking the distribution of the Paleogene deformation in northwestern Argentina.     

西藏仲巴地区白垩纪末期—始新世早期海相地层

西藏仲巴县北部地区出露有晚白垩世至古近纪的海相地层 ,本次工作新测制了卓勒剖面 ,并对原错江顶剖面上部地层做了再次研究。地层中化石丰富 ,据有孔虫化石研究结果重新厘定曲下组时代为古新世早期、加拉孜组上段属始新世早期 ,认为该区白垩 /古近纪界线位于曲贝亚组与曲下组之间。在这一界面上 ,古新世磨拉石直接覆于晚白垩世的陆棚碳酸盐台地沉积之上 ,其间存在沉积间断 ,为弧前盆地演化后期的重大沉积转变。古新世早期曲下组为近海相磨拉石沉积 ,古新世晚期至始新世早期加拉孜组为残留海盆沉积。加拉孜组顶部为该区最高海相地层 ,其上为冈底斯群的磨拉石不整合覆盖。冈底斯群的时代应晚于始新世中期。     

The Bazhenov Horizon of West Siberia: structure,correlation, and thickness

The type sections of the Bazhenov Horizon and formations recognized within this horizon have been identified based on a comprehensive analysis of paleontological, lithological, geophysical (well-log and CDP seismic data), and geochemical data on the West Siberian Basin. The Bazhenov Horizon was traced throughout the entire West Siberian sedimentary basin. The criteria for the recognition of the top and base of this horizon within the stratigraphic equivalents of the Bazhenov Formation were suggested. The proposed facies-stratigraphic zonation of the Bazhenov Horizon reflects the spatial location of all formations identified within this horizon. As seen on the newly proposed thickness map, the Bazhenov Horizon reaches a thickness of 15-25 m within the Bazhenov and Tutleim Formations, 30-35 m within the Mulym’ya Formation, 30-45 m within the Danilov Formation, 40-65 m within the Mar’yanovka Formation, up to 100 m within the Golchikha Formation, > 350 m within the Yanovstan Formation, up to 35 m within the Bagan Formation, and 35-40 m within the Maksimkin Yar Formation. A marginal filter (according to A.P. Lisitzin) has been identified along the East Siberian land.     

苏北盆地晚白垩世-古新世海侵湖泊的证据及其地质意义

通过对苏北盆地钻井岩心分析研究总结得出,在晚白垩世、古新世苏北盆地曾与海相通,并遭受海侵影响。海侵的原因,可能是从晚白垩世晚期起,中国东部的地应力条件以引张力占优势,并在华北—渤海湾、苏北—南黄海和东海陆架区,发育了一系列为早第三纪巨厚沉积物所充填的半地堑箕状盆地,海水由东海向黄海海侵,造成陆架上箕状盆地在短时期内与海水相通。苏北盆地在晚白垩世泰州组—古新世阜宁组沉积形成了以全盆地阜二段、阜四段为主,局部泰二段的富含介形虫的暗色泥岩,成为该盆地的主力烃源岩。古生物以及岩矿、地球化学等方面的证据可以确定苏北盆地晚白垩世—古新世发育的湖盆环境可统称“近海湖泊”或将海侵层段称“海侵湖泊”,而至始新世戴南和三垛组沉积时则可统称内陆湖泊和河流冲积平原环境。通过对苏北盆地晚白垩世—古新世海侵湖泊的确切与充分的认识分析,不仅对苏北盆地晚白垩世—古新世时期的湖盆古地理重建,而且对烃源岩的发育与分布以及生油气潜力评价都具有重要的意义。     

2D model of the crust and uppermost mantle along rift profile, Siberian craton

A two-dimensional model of the crust and uppermost mantle for the western Siberian craton and the adjoining areas of the Pur-Gedan basin to the north and Baikal Rift zone to the south is determined from travel time data from recordings of 30 chemical explosions and three nuclear explosions along the RIFT deep seismic sounding profile. This velocity model shows strong lateral variations in the crust and sub-Moho structure both within the craton and between the craton and the surrounding region. The Pur-Gedan basin has a 15-km thick, low-velocity sediment layer overlying a 25-km thick, high-velocity crystalline crustal layer. A paleo-rift zone with a graben-like structure in the basement and a high-velocity crustal intrusion or mantle upward exists beneath the southern part of the Pur-Gedan basin. The sedimentary layer is thin or non-existent and there is a velocity reversal in the upper crust beneath the Yenisey Zone. The Siberian craton has nearly uniform crustal thickness of 40–43 km but the average velocity in the lower crust in the north is higher (6.8–6.9 km/s) than in the south (6.6 km/s). The crust beneath the Baikal Rift zone is 35 km thick and has an average crustal velocity similar to that observed beneath the southern part of craton. The uppermost mantle velocity varies from 8.0 to 8.1 km/s beneath the young West Siberian platform and Baikal Rift zone to 8.1–8.5 km/s beneath the Siberian craton. Anomalous high Pn velocities (8.4–8.5 km/s) are observed beneath the western Tunguss basin in the northern part of the craton and beneath the southern part of the Siberian craton, but lower Pn velocities (8.1 km/s) are observed beneath the Low Angara basin in the central part of the craton. At about 100 km depth beneath the craton, there is a velocity inversion with a strong reflecting interface at its base. Some reflectors are also distinguished within the upper mantle at depth between 230 and 350 km.     

南海北部第三系的沉积特征与生油、储油层系

南海北部指北纬16°00'至23°00'与东经108°00'至120°00'之间的海域。包括广东大陆以南、海南、台湾两岛之间的广阔大陆架和陆坡区以及北部湾。东西长约1300公里,南北宽约200至400公里。面积约40万平方公里。经过地球物理勘探普查工作及几十口钻井资料,证实该区第三纪沉积广泛分布,厚逾万米。按沉积岩厚度大于1000米所圈定的范围约在30万平方公里以上,形成了北部湾、莺歌海、琼东南、珠江口及台湾西南五个沉积盆地(图1、2)。在北部湾、琼东南、珠江口及台湾西南盆地中,分别在下第三系流沙港组、陵水组、珠江组，上第三系角尾组、韩江组发现了储油气层(表1)。