东营凹陷沙河街组湖相碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素组分及其古湖泊学意义

湖相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧稳定同位素分析能提供重要的环境信息。山东东营凹陷沙河街组湖相碳酸盐岩主要分布在沙一段和沙四段。对47个碳酸盐岩样品碳、氧同位素组分的分析表明:沙一段、沙四中和沙四上亚段下部沉积时期东营湖均是程度不同的封闭型湖泊。古盐度和蒸发／降雨:沙四中亚段和沙四上亚段下部沉积时期＞沙一段沉积时期＞沙四上亚段上部沉积时期;古湖水面:沙四上亚段上部沉积时期＞沙一段沉积时期＞沙四中亚段和沙四上亚段下部沉积时期;古生产力:沙一段沉积时期＞沙四上亚段上部沉积时期＞沙四中亚段和沙四上亚段下部沉积时期。     

我国生物气藏碳、氢同位素特征、形成途径及意义

生物气碳、氢同位素组成是探讨其形成途径和成藏特征的基本手段,研究基于我国10个生物气气藏31个气样的碳、氢同位素组成资料探讨了这些气藏的形成途径和成藏特征。研究表明:这些气藏的氢同位素组成可以分为三个区间,即δDCH4>-200‰;δDCH4值在-250‰～-200‰之间和δDCH4<-250‰。前人认为在陆相淡水条件下生物气的形成途径主要是乙酸发酵作用,我国10个气藏31个气样碳、氢同位素研究表明,海相及盐湖相条件下生物气形成途径为典型的CO2还原途径,具有重的氢同位素组成,其δDCH4>-200‰,而陆相条件下成藏的生物气也主要为CO2还原途径,但氢同位素组成较典型海相成因生物气轻,其δDCH4值在-250‰～-200‰之间。其值可能与古湖泊水介质的咸化程度有关。从柴达木的资料来看,随水介质咸度增大,生物甲烷氢同位素组成也具有相应增大趋势。陆相条件下有处于CO2还原和乙酸发酵两种作用过渡区形成的生物气气藏,其形成可能与古水介质无咸化过程和地温梯度较高有关,如保山盆地。该区形成的生物气具有轻的氢同位素组成,δDCH4<-250‰,碳同位素组成则相对较重,其碳、氢同位素组成之间具有较好的负相关。生物气碳、氢同位素组成的成气机理及途径有可能成为判识自然界采集的生物气气样是否具有工业意义,一般而言,乙酸发酵途径形成的生物气不利于成藏。     

Stable Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Methylated-MTTC in Crude Oils from Saline Lacustrine Depositional Environment: Source Implications

Significantly high abundant methyl-MethylTrimethylTridecylChromans (MTTCs) have been detected in aromatic hydrocarbon fractions in crude oils from the Jizhong Depression and Jianghan Basin. The distribution of these compounds is dominated by methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTC series, which indicate diagenetic products of a hypersaline depositional environment in the early stage and show a low degree of methylation. The occurrence of significantly high abundant methyl-MTTC depends mainly on good preservation conditions with a strongly reductive, hypersaline and water-columned depositional environment and subsequent non-intensive diagenetic transformations. The stable carbon isotopic compositions of the methyl-MTTCs and dimethyl-MTTCs in two samples are far different from the stable carbon isotopic composition of C30 hopane of apparent bacteria biogenesis (up to 4.11‰ and 5.75‰, respectively). This obviously demonstrates that the methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTCs cannot be of bacteria origin, which is different from the previous point of view about non-photosynthetic bacteria products or possible bacteria-reworked products. On the contrary, the stable carbon isotopic compositions of methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTCs in the two samples were similar to that of the same carbon-numbered n-alkanes (nC27-nC28-nC29), which indicates that they share the same source origin. Especially in the crude oil from the Zhao61 well, stable carbon isotopic compositions are also similar to that of the same carbon-numbered steranes with ααα-20R isomer (mostly less than 0.4‰). In consideration of the results of previous studies on saline lake ecological sedimentation, the authors hold that the methyl-MTTC and dimethyl-MTTCs in the saline lake sediments should be of algal biogenesis origin.     

广西西北部二叠系——三叠系界线碳、氧同位素组成异常及其意义

我国广西西北部平果太平剖面二叠系－三叠系界线处为保存良好的海相碳酸盐岩沉积，根据牙形石化石带推断，该剖面在二叠系－三叠系界线处的连续沉积性良性。在该界线附近处，碳同位素组成发生了突然的负向波动，δ^13C从1．3‰－2．2‰（PDB）降至－0．9‰－－0．2‰，波动范围达2．8‰，进入下三叠统后一直呈负向发展；氧同位素组成波动虽不与碳同位素组成同步，但趋势相同，在二叠系－三叠系界线处达到最小值－8．2‰，下降幅度达2‰。这种同位素组成的波动已在我国西藏，浙江等的同时代的沉积中发现，此外，还在中东，北美洲，欧洲等地的二叠系－三叠系界线处发现，因此，它可以成为大区域及至洲际之间的二叠系－三叠系界线对比标志，这同时表明，二叠纪末期的重大地质事件发生的时间短，影响范围大，几乎是全球性的。     

柴达木盆地原油碳同位素组成的主控因素与成因类型

对采集于柴达木盆地16个油田的40个原油进行了碳同位素测定,研究了它们碳同位素组成特征、主控因素及其成因类型。结果表明,柴达木盆地西部地区和北部地区原油碳同位素组成具有显著的差别,西部地区原油富集13C,北部地区原油富集12C。研究发现,成油环境(如盐度和湿度)是决定西部盐湖相原油碳同位素组成及其变化的主要因素,母源性质则控制了北部淡水湖沼相原油的碳同位素组成和变化。根据原油的碳同位素组成和Ph/nC₁₈比值特征,将柴达木盆地原油划分为五种成因类型。     

罗布泊中更新世以来盐湖碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成及其古环境意义

罗布泊是欧亚大陆腹地塔里木盆地东端的典型内陆干盐湖,中更新世以来在其北部尤其罗北凹地发育了巨厚的蒸发岩沉积是对全球变冷和青藏高原隆升的积极响应。通过对罗北凹地第一口深钻LDK01孔蒸发岩系中203个样品的自生碳酸盐含量、碳氧同位素测试与分析,讨论了罗布泊中更新世以来的古环境演化特征。研究表明:(1)δ~(18) O和δ13 C协同正向演化,但在蒸发作用强烈的干旱封闭湖泊中,流域降蒸比(P/E)的变化对湖泊水体δ~(18) O影响最为显著;(2)δ~(18) O和δ13 C周期性波动震荡特征,反映干湿交替的环境以及周缘水体对罗北凹地的补给;(3)罗布泊湖盆干旱加剧演化可能并非只受全球变化单一因素驱动,而是全球气候变化和高原隆升共同作用的结果。     

中国东北地区中新生代岩浆岩中氮及其同位素组成

通过真空热解法分析中国东北地区中新生代以来形成的碱性玄武岩和基性侵入岩中氮含量及其同位素组成的差异，结果表明喷出岩和侵入岩中流体组分在岩浆的上升侵入过程中有不同的表现形式，喷出岩与围岩有较少的混染作用发生。碱性玄武岩包裹体中氮含量较低，为1．91－14．01μL/ g，δ^15N为－22．6‰～-1.8‰。侵入岩包裹体中氮含量为25．39－731.30μL/g,δ^15N为＋0．7‰～ 20.9‰。碱性玄武岩中N2含量和氮同位素组成可能部分代表了上地幔流体的特征，脱气作用造成同位素值有较大变化；而侵入岩中的N2含量和氮同位素组成更多地反映了地壳中含氮物质浓度及同位素组成特征。     

中国现代陆生蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素组成的分布特征及其气候响应

陆生蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素组成记录了环境气候信息,是地质历史时期古环境和古气候重建的一个良好指标。文章在前人对现生蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素的环境意义研究基础上,通过增加对不同气候条件下的新疆地区（受西风带控制）、川西地区（受印度季风控制）以及东北地区（东亚季风北端）的现生蜗牛碳氧同位素组成进行测试分析,结合中国其他地区已有数据,总结探讨所有研究区已有蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素组成的分布规律及影响因子,回归分析蜗牛壳体碳氧同位素组成与降水量、温度、湿度、蒸发量及干燥度等5个气候因子之间的关系。得出以下研究结果：全国范围内的蜗牛壳体碳同位素组成与年均降水量、年均相对湿度具有明显负相关关系,与年均蒸发量及干燥度具明显正相关关系,年均温度大于9.5℃采样点的蜗牛壳体碳同位素与温度呈负相关关系;蜗牛壳体氧同位素组成与各种气候因子之间的关系比较复杂而显示无明显的相关性,可能由于不同区域蜗牛壳体氧同位素对不同气候因子的响应程度不同,也可能是由于蜗牛壳体氧同位素与温度的关系在不同区域存在差异导致。总之,蜗牛壳体碳同位素较为忠实地记录了有效降水引起C3植被同位素变化的信息,而对蜗牛壳体氧同位素记录的信息的解读还不明晰,仍需更多研究。     

The Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotopic Compositions and its Paleoenvironment Significance from the Upper Yunlong Formation of Paleogene in Lanping Basin,Yunnan

正Lanping Basin is one part of the three-rivers Tethyan tectonic domain and located in western Yunnan or southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Yunlong salt-bearing Formation had formed under the condition of strong arid     

Travertines in Dogai Coring Area of Tibet,China:Carbon,Oxygen and Strontium Isotopic Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism

正1 Introduction Dogai Coring is a name of lake lied in the northern Tibet.There are a series of modern salt springs and theies travertines.All of salt springs have an anomaly of potassium,implying that springs water may dissolve evaporites from deep bed formation,which includes halite     

The Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions:Implications for the Sources and Types of Uranium Deposits in South China

Uranium ore is an essential material in the preparation of nuclear fuel for civilian and military uses.Uranium deposits are also important sources of energy for countries which depend heavily on nuclear power(e.g.France).They     

Variation in Solvent-Extractable Lipids and n-Alkane Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopic Compositions with Depth in a Southern China Karst Area Soil

Because literatures about the lipid compositions of modern soils in karst areas are scarce,we have studied the soil horizons overlying the Heshang(和尚) Cave that has provided paleoclimate records from speleothem lipid contents.Our analysis reveals a series of n-alkanes,free fatty acids,n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones distribution and relative abundance changing with the depth,and in which the ratios of the lower molecular weight to higher molecular weight n-alkanes,free fatty acids,n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-one...     

珠江口盆地珠江组碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成负偏的成因意义

在岩芯观察、铸体薄片以及阴极发光分析的基础上,测定了珠江口盆地珠江组碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成,获取判别流体性质的地球化学信息,探究其成岩意义。研究结果表明:1珠江组碳酸盐岩全岩样品的δ~(13)C(PDB)值主体分布在0‰±2‰之间,与该时期底栖有孔虫的碳同位素值接近,反映了与早中新世同期海水碳源一致的特征;2珠江口盆地东沙隆起流花地区部分钻井中存在碳同位素明显偏负并且胶结物发育的样品,全岩δ~(13)C(PDB)值可低至-7.2‰,碳氧同位素之间以及碳同位素与岩石中胶结物的含量之间均显示出良好的正相关关系(相关系数在0.6以上),碳同位素偏负伴随着氧同位素变轻,表明碳同位素的偏负是由胶结物造成的;3成岩演化序列分析以及块状亮晶方解石单矿物的碳氧同位素分析进一步证实了是由晚期胶结物造成碳同位素的偏负,埋藏成岩过程中有机酸的作用可能是造成碳同位素偏负的主要原因。     

柴-欧微地块花岗岩地球化学和Nd-Sr-pb同位素组成:基底性质和构造属性启示

本次工作研究了柴达木地块和欧龙布鲁克地块中的古元古代莫河岩体、新元古代沙柳河岩体、早三叠世香日德岩体和察汉诺岩体以及晚三叠世可日岩体的主量元素、微量元素和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素组成.沙柳河岩体和可日岩体具S型过铝质花岗岩成因特征, 其他岩体具Ⅰ型花岗岩类成因特征.T_DM和ε_Nd(t) 值的对比揭示, 沙柳河岩体的源岩区为欧龙布鲁克地块的Ⅱ型基底变质表壳岩系, 其余岩体的岩浆都不可能源自暴露地表的基底变质表壳岩系.花岗岩类和基底变质表壳岩系的亏损地幔最大模式年龄集中在1.52.3Ga和0.91.3Ga, 在欧龙布鲁克地块中亦有2.5Ga及2.8Ga显示, 一般Pb同位素比值(206Pb/204Pb)_t>18, (207Pb/204Pb)_t>15.5, (208Pb/204Pb)_t>38, 具高放射成因铅特征.这表明, 柴达木地块和欧龙布鲁克地块基底与扬子陆块具有密切的亲缘性, 现今的扬子陆块范围可扩大到中国西部阿尔金断裂东、西两侧的微陆块群, 昆中断裂带和柴北缘高压-超高压变质岩带代表扬子陆块内部裂解小地块的再汇聚带.      

中国东部寒武系与奥陶系界线地层的碳氧同位素研究

对我国东部不同地层区一些代表性的寒武系-奥陶系界线层位开展了碳?氧同位素研究?结果表明,由于沉积环境差异和成岩蚀变影响,界线层位的δ18O值变化较大,规律性不明显,δ13C值变化虽小,但在界线处均发生不同程度漂移?漂移的层位与寒武纪-奥陶纪主要生物群面貌变化的界线相一致?综合各方面资料分析,笔者认为,碳同位素组成的漂移很可能由晚寒武世到早奥陶世时期内海平面的升降所引起.     

Characteristics of Hydrogen-rich Coals in Southern China: Implications from Organic Geochemistry and Carbon Isotopic Compositions

The organic geochemical characteristics of hydrogen-rich coal in southern China were investigated synthetically through organic geochemistry and carbon isotope analyses.The results showed that the hydrogen contents of the test samples were more than 5.0% and the H/C atomic ratios were between 0.76-1.06.Samples were found to be composed mostly of Type Ⅱ-Ⅲ℃ kerogen,consistent with good hydrocarbon-generation potential.The R_o(0.54-1.10%)and T_max(430-453℃)values imply that the hydrogen-rich coals were in low maturity to mature stages.Stable carbon isotopic ratios(δ¹³C_org)of the samples used varied from ?24.5‰ to ?23.4‰,the barkinite content ranging from 13.9% to 83.3%,indicating a predominantly terrestrial origin with marine influence during coal formation.Some organic geochemical parameters showed corresponding changes as the hydrogen content increased from 5.0% to 7.0%,however,the source inputs changed significantly when hydrogen content was greater than 6.0%.Terrestrial higher plants gradually become predominant within the coal-forming materials,whereas this dominant position is not apparent at lower hydrogen contents,which is attributable to the strong seawater effect during the hydrogen-rich coal formation process.     

Discovery of Mass Independent Oxygen Isotopic Compositions in Superscale Nitrate Mineral Deposits from Turpan‐Hami Basin,Xinjiang, China and Its Significance

<正>The Turpan-Hami Basin in eastern Xinjiang is one of the driest regions on Earth and a premier environment to form and preserve nitrate.A large nitrate ore field in this basin was found recently.It is estimated there are about 2.5 billion tons of resources of nitrate,and the amount is as much as the Atacama Desert super-scale nitrate deposit in Chile.Nitrate is one of a few minerals with mass-independent fractionation(MIF),and the oxygen isotope MIF is an effective method to determine the source of nitrate.Theδ~(17)O,δ~(18)O of nitrate were measured by fluorination and thermal decomposition method.The date indicated that this is the first time that oxygen isotope MIF has been located in inland nitrate minerals.The results obtained by two methods are similar,⊿~(17)=δ~(17)O-0.52×δ~(18)O=12‰-17‰.The experiment and observation data proved that oxygen isotope MIF of nitrate are the result of photochemical reactions in the troposphere and stratosphere.Thus, evidence from MIF oxygen isotopic compositions indicate that long term atmospheric deposition of nitrate aerosol particles produced by photochemical reactions is the source of the deposits.     

Ore Genesis of the Kalatongke Cu–Ni Sulfide Deposits, Western China: Constraints from Volatile Chemical and Carbon Isotopic Compositions

The Kalatongke Cu–Ni sulfide deposits located in the East Junggar terrane, northern Xinjiang, western China are the largest magmatic sulfide deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of the volatiles trapped in olivine, pyroxene and sulfide mineral separates were analyzed by vacuum stepwise-heating mass spectrometry. The results show that the released volatiles are concentrated at three temperature intervals of 200–400°C, 400–900°C and 900–1200°C. The released volatiles from silicate mineral separates at 400–900°C and 900–1200°C have similar chemical and carbon isotopic compositions, which are mainly composed of H2O (av. ~92 mol%) with minor H2, CO2, H2S and SO2, and they are likely associated with the ore-forming magmatic volatiles. Light δ13CCO2 values (from ?20.86‰ to ?12.85‰) of pyroxene indicate crustal contamination occurred prior to or synchronous with pyroxene crystallization of mantle-derived ore-forming magma. The elevated contents of H2 and H2O in the olivine and pyroxene suggest a deep mantle-originated ore-forming volatile mixed with aqueous volatiles from recycled subducted slab. High contents of CO2 in the ore-forming magma volatiles led to an increase in oxygen fugacity, and thereby reduced the solubility of sulfur in the magma, then triggered sulfur saturation followed by sulfide melt segregation; CO2 contents correlated with Cu contents in the whole rocks suggest that a supercritical state of CO2 in the ore-forming magma system under high temperature and pressure conditions might play a key role in the assemblage of huge Cu and Ni elements. The volatiles released from constituent minerals of intrusion 1# have more CO2 and SO2 oxidized gases, higher CO2/CH4 and SO2/H2S ratios and lighter δ13CCO2 than those of intrusions 2# and 3#. This combination suggests that the higher oxidation state of the volatiles in intrusion 1# than intrusions 2# and 3#, which could be one of key ore-forming factors for large amounts of ores and high contents of Cu and Ni in intrusion 1#. The volatiles released at 200–400°C are dominated by H2O with minor CO2, N2+CO and SO2, with δ13CCO2 values (?25.66‰ to ?22.98‰) within the crustal ranges, and are considered to be related to secondary tectonic– hydrothermal activities.     

Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Surface-Sediment Carbonate in Bosten Lake (Xinjiang, China) and its Controlling Factors

Bosten Lake is a mid-latitude lake with water mainly supplied by melting ice and snow in the Tianshan Mountains. The depositional environment of the lake is spatially not uniform due to the proximity of the major inlet and the single outlet in the western part of the lake. The analytical results show that the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of recent lake sediments is related to this specific lacustrine depositional environment and to the resulting carbonate mineralogy. In the southwestern lake region between the Kaidu River inlet and the Kongqi River outlet, carbon isotope composition (δ13C) values of the carbonate sediment (-1‰ to -2‰) have no relation to the oxygen isotope composition of the carbonate (δ18O) values (-7‰ to -8‰), with both isotopes showing a low variability. The carbonate content is low (<20%). Carbonate minerals analyzed by X-ray diffraction are mainly composed of calcite, while aragonite was not recorded. The salinity of the lake water is low in the estuary region as a result of the Kaidu River inflow. In comparison, the carbon and oxygen isotope values are higher in the middle and eastern parts of the lake, with δ13C values between approximately +0.5‰ and +3‰, and δ18O values between -1‰ and -5‰. There is a moderate correlation between the stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, with a coefficient of correlation r of approximately 0.63. This implies that the lake water has a relatively short residence time. Carbonate minerals constitute calcite and aragonite in the middle and eastern region of the lake. Aragonite and Mg-calcite are formed at higher lake water salinity and temperatures, and larger evaporation effects. More saline lake water in the middle and eastern region of the lake and the enhanced isotopic equilibrium between water and atmospheric CO2 cause the correlating carbon and oxygen isotope values determined for aragonite and Mg-calcite. Evaporation and biological processes are the main reasons for the salinity and carbonate mineralogy influence of the surface-sediment carbonate in Bosten Lake. The lake water residence time and the CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the water body control the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of the carbonate sediment. In addition, organic matter pollution and decomposition result in the abnormally low carbon isotope values of the lake surface-sediment carbonate.     

Factors Controlling Organic Matter Enrichment in Alkaline Lacustrine Source Rocks: A Case Study of the Late Paleozoic Fengcheng Formation in the Junggar Basin, NW China

The late Paleozoic Fengcheng Formation shale (LPF shale) in the Junggar Basin, NW China, is the oldest alkaline source rock discovered in the world, providing a unique perspective with which to explore organic matter (OM) enrichment in alkaline lake environments. Combined with the organic carbon isotope profile and paleoenvironmental proxies, this study reveals that the LPF shale was deposited in an arid climate with high salinity and a strong reducing environment, accompanied by frequent volcanic activity. High TOC values are concentrated in two intervals with frequent fluctuations in OM types. A negative excursion due to changes in sedimentary OM source is found in the δ13Corg profile. The excursion corresponds to the OM enrichment interval and is accompanied by abnormally high values of Sr/Ba and Sr/Cu. This implies that the extreme arid climate has led to high salinity, resulting in strong reducibility and changes in paleontological assemblages, which in turn controlled the differential enrichment of OM. The Fengcheng Fm. high-quality source rocks are the result of the combined action of climatic events, volcanism, high-salinity water environment and superior hydrocarbon-generating organisms. The results provide new insights into the formation conditions of terrestrial alkaline high-quality source rocks and the factors controlling alkaline OM enrichment.