对虾白斑综合症病毒核衣壳蛋白WSV308的鉴定

结合SDS—PAGE电泳和质谱分析，发现了一分子量为51kDa的蛋白，它是对虾白斑综合症病毒基因ORFwsv308的表达产物．将wsv308克隆到pET—His表达载体，以E．coliBL2l为宿主菌，成功表达并纯化目的蛋白后制备抗体。Western blot实验中蛋白特异抗体只与完整的病毒和核衣壳裂解蛋白中的WSV308反应，而不和膜蛋白反应，证明wsv308所编码的蛋白在完整病毒颗粒上定位于核衣壳．免疫电镜定位中金颗粒只特异地标记在核衣壳表面上，不存在于完整病毒表面上．     

对虾白斑综合症病毒vp15基因的RNA干扰研究

VP15是对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的一种核衣壳蛋白,以往的研究表明VP15属DNA结合蛋白,具有潜在的浓缩包装病毒基因组的功能.利用RNAi技术将vp15基因沉默,来研究vp15基因沉默后对WSSV增殖及结构的影响.体外合成了vp15基因的特异双链RNA(vp15-dsRNA)和非特异双链RNA(gfp-dsRNA),分别与WSSV混合共注射淡水原克氏螯虾.在感染后24、36、48 h,每个实验组分别取病虾步足肌肉,样品用Trizol试剂盒提取RNA用于RT-PCR检测、用病毒检测试剂盒提取DNA模板用于荧光定量PCR分析.另外每组随机选取1只虾,取中肠,用于树脂包埋组织超薄切片分析.逆转录PCR分析结果显示vp15-dsRNA能特异性敲除vp15基因转录表达,实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示vp15-dsRNA干扰vp15基因的表达能有效抑制WSSV病毒粒子的增值.此外,利用树脂包埋组织超薄切片电子显微镜技术观察发现vp15基因被干扰后病毒粒子数量上明显降低并且引起病毒粒子包装异常.通过vp15基因特异dsRNA干扰,有效抑制了WSSV病毒增殖,此外进一步阐明VP15蛋白的功能及其在病毒组装方面的重要作用,对进一步了解病毒组装以及病毒防治具有重要的意义.     

对虾白斑综合症病毒膜蛋白VP41A的功能研究

对虾白斑综合症病毒（WSSV）是对虾养殖的主要病害之一,在虾养殖业中造成了严重的损失．本研究从WSSV基因组中克隆到vp41a基因,大小约为900bp,发现该基因编码蛋白VP41A．通过构建重组质粒pET．His一卅J0表达了重组蛋白VP41A,大小约为43kDa．并通过Ni一琼脂糖珠交联下拉实验,在虾血细胞中找到一个能与VP41A相互作用蛋白,质谱分析发现该蛋白为细胞粘连蛋白,说明在WSSV感染宿主细胞的过程中蛋白VP41A可能发挥重要作用．本研究结果推动了WSSV与宿主对虾相互作用的研究,有利于探索病毒复制或转录的关键蛋白,为最终的病毒防治及快诛诊断提供科学依据．     

凡纳滨对虾桃拉综合征病毒主要结构蛋白基因的克隆及原核表达

根据GenBank中桃拉病毒的全基因组序列,分别设计扩增该病毒主要结构蛋白基因vp1、vp2、vp3的相应引物,以发病的凡纳滨对虾中提取的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术对目的基因进行了扩增,分别获得分子量为1 164、849、507bp的基因片段,与预期一致.再将目的基因与pET-28a载体连接,分别构建重组表达载体pET-VP1、pET-VP2和pET-VP3,重组子经酶切和测序鉴定后导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS-PAGE检测.SDS-PAGE电泳的结果表明,在37℃下,0.5mmol/dm3的IPTG诱导表达的重组蛋白均以包涵体的形式存在,重组蛋白VP1、VP2、VP3的大小分别为48、36、24KDa.本研究的结果为制备桃拉病毒主要结构蛋白的特异性抗体,进而研制桃拉病毒快速检测试剂盒奠定了基础.     

草鱼出血病病毒VP7蛋白基因的人工合成与原核表达

根据GenBank已发表的GCRVVP7蛋白基因序列,设计合成2条特异性引物和19条搭桥引物,通过搭桥PCR人工合成带有3处变异碱基的GCRVVP7蛋白基因整个编码框,经过酶切、连接、PCR鉴定和测序鉴定克隆到原核表达载体pColdTF中,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),进行IPTG诱导表达和表达产物的SDS-PAGE、Western-blotting分析、纯化以及反应原性的iELISA检测。结果表明,成功人工合成了长831bp的GCRV VP7蛋白基因编码框和构建了VP7蛋白基因的重组质粒pCold TF-VP7,pColdTF-VP7转化菌经IPTG(1mmol/L)诱导3—4h即可获得特异性蛋白VP7重组蛋白的高效表达,VP7重组蛋白相对分子量大小约为73.9ku,与预期大小相符,且与鼠抗GCRV血清有良好反应原性。     

对虾病毒IHHNV衣壳蛋白的克隆表达及新型双抗夹心ELISA的高效检测

通过利用分子生物学手段克隆IHHNV衣壳蛋白基因并构建原核表达载体,筛选抗原特性好的多肽免疫兔以制备高效的特异性IHHNV多克隆抗体,最终建立高效的检测对虾IHHNV的新型双抗夹心ELISA方法.实验结果表明该方法成功表达了对虾病毒IHHNV衣壳蛋白基因的抗原多肽,并制备出了高灵敏性的多克隆抗体.将抗原多肽及多克隆抗体用于ELISA的检测,抗体的效价在1∶12 800以上,最低可检测到1 pg的抗原蛋白,表明已成功建立高效的双抗夹心ELISA方法,对于对虾的海水养殖及IHHNV病毒性疾病的防控具有重要的参考价值.     

致病性鳗弧菌W-1外膜蛋白ompU基因克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

从致病性鳗弧菌W-1基因组DNA扩增并克隆了1 156bp的特异性片段,含有完整的外膜蛋白ompU基因阅读框,由993个核苷酸组成,编码330个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。与国外已发表的鳗弧菌外膜蛋白基因的序列同源性为100%,与创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)、霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)、费氏弧菌(Vibrio fischeri)和副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)的序列同源性分别为72%,69%,68%和64%。将该外膜蛋白基因克隆于pBV220表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中得到了表达,SDS-PAGE分析表明表达蛋白分子量约38kDa,Western blot分析发现表达蛋白能与鳗弧菌外膜蛋白抗体很好的反应。     

对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒荧光病毒样颗粒的构建

对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)是对虾养殖业中主要的致病病毒之一.在原核系统中表达该病毒的衣壳蛋白,发现其能够自组装成与天然病毒大小、形态相似的病毒样颗粒.本研究通过在衣壳蛋白原核表达质粒上融合表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP),并在两融合蛋白之间插入一段接头序列(linker),使自组装不受空间位阻的影响.通过原核表达纯化,成功得到IHHNV的荧光病毒样颗粒(f VLPs).电镜下观察样品具有完整的二十面体形态,免疫金标实验发现EGFP成功展示在病毒样颗粒外表面.     

水杨酸对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa) 生长及抗逆相关基因的影响

以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)为研究对象, 首先克隆了热激蛋白70(HSP70)和磷 酸甘油酸激酶(PGK)基因全长序列, 然后研究了0-20μg/mL 水杨酸对高温胁迫下HSP70 和PGK 基 因表达, 以及蛋白核小球藻生长、可溶性糖和蛋白含量的影响。结果获得了蛋白核小球藻HSP70 基 因的cDNA 序列2405 bp, 包括60 bp 的5'-非编码区(UTR)、1959 bp 的开放阅读框(ORF)和386 bp 的3'-UTR 和PGK 基因的cDNA 序列1664 bp, 包括35 bp 的5'-UTR, 1398 bp ORF 和231 bp 3'-UTR. 序列比较和分析表明该蛋白核小球藻HSP70 序列与其它绿藻的同源性高达83%-91%, PGK 为 70%-75%.荧光定量PCR 结果显示随着水杨酸浓度的增加, HSP70 和PGK 的表达量在12h 和24h 均有所增加, 而在10 μg/mL 水杨酸浓度下表达量最大, 12h 时分别为对照组的2.57 倍和1.56 倍, 24h 则为1.71 倍和1.79 倍。1-20μg/mL 水杨酸可促进该藻的比生长速率、可溶性糖和蛋白含量的升高。 本文结果表明一定浓度水杨酸对高温胁迫蛋白核小球藻有缓解作用, 且5 和10 μg/mL 水杨酸的效果 最显著。     

白斑综合症病毒囊膜蛋白VP28单链抗体的酵母表面展示及其抗病毒特性的初步研究

白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)是对虾养殖业中危害最大的病原微生物之一,对对虾养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,但目前尚无有效防治手段.本研究从WSSV囊膜蛋白VP28免疫的小鼠细胞中分别扩增到重链可变区基因和轻链可变区基因,大小为351 bp和342 bp.两基因序列通过Linker序列连接后,构建到酵母表面载体pYD1中,得到重组质粒pYD1-vp28scfv.将该重组质粒在酿酒酵母EBY100中诱导表达,通过免疫荧光实验发现,重组蛋白VP28scFv在酿酒酵母EBY100表面实现展示.进一步通过结合实验表明该展示蛋白具有WSSV的结合活性.本研究在结合酿酒酵母可作为饲料添加剂的特性基础上,对WSSV囊膜蛋白VP28单链抗体的抗病毒特性进行了应用,从而为WSSV的防治提供了新思路.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.