朔州市近45a气温变化特征及对农业生产的影响

利用1961～2005年朔州市6个气象观测站的气温资料,用气候倾向率、滑动平均等方法,对朔州市近45a气温变化特征作了统计分析.结果表明:45a来,朔州市的年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温自20世纪70年代中期以来呈上升趋势,平均气温以0.43℃/10a的速度上升;平均最低气温升温幅度明显高于平均最高气温;进入20世纪90年代后,这种趋势有所加快,尤其以冬季升温最为明显.1987年以来朔州相继出现了15个暖冬,较强的暖冬年份出现在1995年以后.气候变暖对农业生产互有利弊.如何趋利避害,确保当地农业高产优产是需要进一步研究的问题.     

朔州市气温和降水变化特征分析

朔州市的年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温自20世纪70年代中期以来呈上升趋势，进入90年代后，这种趋势有所加快，尤其以冬季升温最为明显。年平匀气温以0．43℃／10a的速度上升；平均最低气温升温幅度明显高于平均最高气温；年平均降水量略呈下降趋势，主要是由夏季降水减少所致。     

盘县半个多世纪的气温变化特征分析

利用贵州省六盘水市盘县气象观测站1951-01—2007-02连续、可靠的地面月平均气温、月平均最高、最低气温以及日极端最高、最低气温资料,对盘县年及各季平均气温、年平均最高、最低气温的变化进行分析。结果表明:盘县半个多世纪气温总体呈上升趋势,并且具有冬暖夏热或冬冷夏凉的典型气候特征,同时极端最高气温主要发生在20世纪50年代,极端最低气温主要发生在20世纪60年代。近10 a盘县气温升高趋势更加突出,暖冬气候特征更加明显。     

河南省冷暖变化气候特征分析

利用河南省107个观测站1961-2006年46 a的气温观测资料,分析了河南省冷暖变化的年际和年代际特征及其区域差异和季节差别.结果表明:河南省年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温的年际和年代际变化都呈现增温趋势,增温幅度由大到小依次为年平均最低气温、年平均气温、年平均最高气温;全省7个气候分区年平均气温、最低气温变化趋势具有整体一致性,都呈现升温趋势,但各区域的增温幅度不一,增幅最大的区域是太行山气候区,最小的区域是豫西山地气候区.平均最高气温南阳盆地、淮北平原、豫北平原3个气候区呈略降趋势,其他4个气候区呈升温趋势,豫西山地气候区增幅最大;各季气温变化呈现春、秋季平均气温变化幅度相对比较平缓、冬季增温幅度最大的特点,自20世纪90年代初始,暖冬现象明显;在全球和中国气候将继续变暖的背景下,河南省平均气温按10 a增加0.22℃计,估计未来50 a升高1～2℃.     

1951—2010年大连市气温变化特征

利用1951—2010年大连市气温资料,采用气候趋势系数和气候倾向率、Mann-Kendal1突变分析等方法对年和季平均气温、最高最低气温变化特征进行了分析和突变检验。结果表明：大连市年和季平均气温呈上升趋势,进入21世纪,升温趋势有所减缓;大连市年平均气温的增温速率为0.33/10 a,明显高于近50 a中国平均增温速率0.22/10 a,更高于近50 a全球平均0.13/10 a的增温速率。大连市平均气温的升高主要发生在春季和冬季;年平均最低气温的升温幅度大于年平均最高气温的升温幅度;年、季平均气温存在突变,突变始于1987—1990年前后,突变前后平均气温均值相差较大;年、季平均最高气温和最低气温大都存在突变,但秋季平均最高气温无突变。     

近40年西藏定日县气温变化特征分析

根据1971²010年西藏定日站的平均气温、最高、最低气温的逐月资料,分析了该地区近40a来气温变化特征。结果表明:近40年来定日县的年及各季节的平均气温均呈明显的上升趋势,其中,年平均气温的线性倾向率为0.394℃/10a,冬季平均气温的升温幅度最大,其次是春季和秋季,夏季的升温幅度最小。年平均最高、最低气温与年平均气温的变化趋势一致,均呈上升趋势,年平均最高气温线性倾向率为0.372℃/10a;年平均最低气温线性倾向率为0.445℃/10a,最低气温的上升速率高于最高气温。不同时段的平均气温基本上在1997年之后上升趋势非常明显,最高、最低气温在20世纪90年代以后才出现温度的上升突变。     

南京极值温度长期变化及其与平均温度的关系

利用1951-2009年南京日平均气温、日最高气温以及日最低气温等资料,分析了南京日最高气温和最低气温的长期演变趋势及其与平均温度的关系。结果表明：近60a来,南京年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈变暖趋势,20世纪90年代增温尤为明显;日最高气温,除夏季表现为降温趋势外,其他季节均为升温趋势;而四季平均气...     

南京极值温度长期变化及其与平均温度的关系

利用1951—2009年南京日平均气温、日最高气温以及日最低气温等资料,分析了南京日最高气温和最低气温的长期演变趋势及其与平均温度的关系。结果表明：近60 a来,南京年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈变暖趋势,20世纪90年代增温尤为明显;日最高气温,除夏季表现为降温趋势外,其他季节均为升温趋势;而四季平均气温和平均最低气温均为增温趋势;夏季气温日较差下降趋势明显,导致夏季昼夜温差减小;极端高温、低温的发生日数均呈下降趋势。极端气温与平均气温之间存在明显的相关性,且极端低温对平均气温影响更为明显。     

近50年西双版纳最高最低气温对气候变化的响应

利用1961-2010年景洪逐月平均最高气温、平均最低气温、14:00平均气温、02:00平均气温,采用气候倾向率、累积距平、信噪比等气候统计方法,研究了近50年西双版纳平均最高气温、平均最低气温的变化趋势、气候突变和异常年份等.结果表明:除春季平均最高气温、14:00平均气温略呈下降趋势外,年、季各平均最高气温、平均最低气温、14:00平均气温、02:00平均气温等各项气温指标均呈显著的升高趋势,升幅为0.208～0.544℃/10a,以冬季升幅最大;平均最高气温、平均最低气温在1978年均发生了突变,以突变点划分,前为冷期,后为暖期,突变前以平均最低气温偏低最明显,突变后以平均最低气温偏高最明显,表明20世纪70年代末以来,平均最低气温对气候变暖的响应更强;平均最高气温、平均最低气温异常偏低年主要发生在20世纪60-70年代,异常偏高年主要发生在20世纪80年代后,以2000年以来尤为明显,这与21世纪中国大部分地区气温依然在变暖是一致的.     

郑州市南北郊气温对比分析

对近45 a气象资料分析结果表明:郑州市南郊和北郊气温变化趋势基本一致,年平均气温、季平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温均呈现出不同程度的上升趋势。南北郊气温在20世纪50年代差异不大,随着郑州市的不断扩大,北郊进一步城市化,两地气温差异逐渐加大,北郊年平均气温,平均最高、最低气温和季节平均气温均高于南郊,80年代以后,差距更为明显。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.