MATLAB在地下流体数据分析中的基础应用(Ⅱ)

MATLAB可用于地震地下流体数据求均值、去趋势性变化、频谱分析、自定义函数拟合、井孔水温梯度曲线绘制等操作。基于以上应用,本文进行井水位潮汐因子与气压因子计算,并讨论井水位中潮汐与气压成分的剔除问题。     

陕西石泉井不同频带水位对气压和固体潮的响应特征

为揭示陕西石泉井不同频带水位对气压和固体潮的响应特征,采用频谱分析、相干函数和时移分析方法,对石泉井2015-11-01~2016-02-29的井水位、气压和理论重力固体潮等进行深入分析。结果表明,低频带（f＜0.5 cpd）井水位对气压响应较为一般且波动较大,对固体潮响应很差;中频带（0.5~8 cpd）井水位对固体潮响应很好,同时,对气压成分中的K1、S2和S3频点有较好的响应;高频带（f＞8 cpd）井水位与气压和固体潮的相干性均较差,这可能由于该频带井水位的信噪比较低和气压能量较弱等因素所致。此外,在全频带内,随着气压周期的增大,井水位的滞后时间也相应从1 min增至720 min;在中低频带的某些频点或频段,井水位对气压响应的时移存在超前和异常波动现象。
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丹江口井网流体动态与尼泊尔M8.1地震同震响应分析

分析丹江口井网3口井水位、水温2013～2015年的观测数据,建立各个测项的正常动态,总结井网对2015-04-25尼泊尔M8.1地震的响应特征,探讨同震响应差异的可能原因,初步得到水位同震响应幅度与震级、井震距的关系。结果表明,井网水位年动态受降雨影响有一定规律,月正常动态普遍显示出固体潮效应与气压效应;水温年动态平稳,年变幅度在0.1 ℃左右。对于尼泊尔地震同震效应,唐扒井水位阶升-阶降式脉冲变化和水温陡降-缓升式脉冲变化是由水位和水温的变化机理不同导致的;雷庄井与唐扒井水位表现出不同的同震响应特征,判断与它们所处断裂的不同走向有关;盛湾井水温阶降型同震响应幅度较唐扒井小得多,可能是观测层岩性及地下水类型等差异导致的。     

井水位气压效应特征差异研究北大核心CSCD

基于三峡井网所在地的地质构造背景、气压变化特征和井孔结构,分析了整个井网井水位气压变化特征及其差异,以及与含水层物理力学参数之间的关系等。分析结果表明,承压井水位气压效应特征差异与含水层岩性、井孔深度有关。     

井水位气压效应特征差异研究

基于三峡井网所在地的地质构造背景、气压变化特征和井孔结构,分析了整个井网井水位气压变化特征及其差异,以及与含水层物理力学参数之间的关系等.分析结果表明,承压井水位气压效应特征差异与含水层岩性、井孔深度有关.     

井水位对气压响应的滞后及其机理

通过井口空气压力变化对井水位影响的试验,分析了井水位对空气压力变化响应幅度和滞后时间,认为在相同的井口空气压差情况下,压力变化周期越大,井水位响应幅度也越大,而位相滞后越小。水平层状承压含水层的理论研究表明,井水位对气压响应的滞后时间主要取决于含水层的导水系数和气压变化的周期,这两种参数越大,则滞后时间越小。因此,井水位对气压响应的滞后是由于水压井孔与含水层间渗流需要一定时间造成的,而不是由于地面气压传递到含水层时产生衰减和滞后引起的。     

1998年张北6.2级地震前地下水位固体潮加卸载响应比的变化

应用加卸载响应比的理论和方法,根据从岩石的应变与应力的非线性响应,分析了井水位固体潮加卸载响应比的机理,并研究出利用地下水位对固体潮响应来计算加卸载响应比的方法。以此方法计算了我国大华北地区部分井水位的固体潮加卸载响应比,分析了张北１９９８ 年６．２ 级地震前地下水位固体潮加卸载响应比的变化,结果显示大多数井水位固体潮加卸载响应比在张北地震前３ 到９ 个月出现异常增大。     

从深井水位变化反演鲁西应力场在菏泽5.9级地震时的调整

本文给出了利用井水位的固定潮效应反演含水层应力变化的新方法。通过菏泽地震深井水位的变化,估算了鲁西应力场的调整变化。其中豫01井在这次地震中应力调整变化最大,达—1160hPa。利用井水位的固体潮效应反演含水层应力变化,比利用气压效应更接近实际情况。     

2020年唐山古冶5.1级地震前流体固体潮参数时空变化研究

以2020-07-12唐山古冶5.1级地震为例,探讨流体固体潮参数的时空分布特征与孕震的关系。收集2017-01~2020-07唐山古冶周边16口井水位整点值资料,通过Baytap-G程序计算分析M2波与O1波潮汐参数,研究M2波潮汐因子随时间变化的趋势及空间分布情况。结果表明:1）唐山古冶地震前,震中附近井水位潮汐因子具有上升趋势,表现为应力积累;2）结合本次地震震源机制解可知,震中周边16口井潮汐因子的震时变化形态主要受主应力方向影响,东西向压缩,潮汐因子减小;南北向拉张,潮汐因子增大。     

基于集合经验模态分解的河北唐山井同震响应特征

集合经验模态分解(EEMD)能够客观真实地从非线性、非平稳信号中提取有用信息,地震观测井的井水位表征的波形信号也是典型的非线性、非平稳信号,因此,集合经验模态分解在获取井水位同震响应信息方面具有重要的应用潜力。通过观测河北唐山井2016～2023年多次井水位同震响应,研究集合经验模态分解对井水位分析处理的优缺点,识别唐山井对远震、近震的井水位同震响应特征,应用地震能量密度经验公式推测唐山井记震能力。结果表明：唐山井水位观测数据秒值在经过集合经验模态分解后,对合适的高频分量进行重构可以压制噪声干扰,有利于观察井水位同震响应特征;对于远场大震引起的振荡型同震响应可以客观真实地进行识别和提取;对于近场地震引起的脉冲型和阶变型同震响应,需结合原始数据进行研究;井水位观测数据秒值有利于揭示区域应力场的变化,因观测数据秒值记震精度提高,唐山井能够记录到地震能量密度为1.77×10^-7J·m^-3的地震,观测井对不同方位地震的敏感度可用于研究其所在断裂带的裂隙走向。对于超过一定距离的远场地震,井-含水层系统能够记录到的井水位同震响应频率可在一定的范围内估算观...     

用超导重力仪观测数据精密测定地球潮汐常数

基于我国武汉超导重力仪１９８５年１１月２３日至１９９４年１２月３１日（３３２６ｄ共７９８２４ｈ整点读数值）的长周期序列重力潮汐观测数据，利用国际上通用的资料分析方法和计算机软件系统研究了重力场潮汐变化特征，精密测定了地球潮汐常数，几个主要潮波的振幅因子测定精度达０．０４％。对采用不同引潮位展开、是否考虑加权滤波、做气压改正、删除错误数据以及规定数据段均方差上限等方式对提高资料分析精度的影响问题进行了讨论。利用Ｓｃｈｗｉｄｅｒｓｋｉ全球模型对重力潮汐观测分析结果进行了海潮负荷改正，较系统地研究了观测重力残差和台站气压变化之间的相关性，在时间和频率域内测定了相应的大气重力导纳值。与Ｗａｈｒ－Ｄｅｈａｎｔ标准地球潮汐模型相比较，潮汐振幅因子的平均偏差分别是０．４％（Ｏ１波）和０．２％（Ｍ２波）。     

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云南丽江台OSG-066重力潮汐观测结果及应用

基于云南丽江台超导重力仪OSG-066超过5 a的连续重力潮汐观测资料，获取高精度潮汐参数并构建地方重力潮汐模型，为丽江地区精确重力潮汐改正提供参考。研究9个全球海潮模型在丽江台的重力影响改正有效性，用时域内回归分析法和频域内小波分析法分别研究大气重力导纳值的变化特征，并利用观测潮汐数据估算自由核章动本征参数。结果表明，9个海潮模型在丽江台的重力影响改正效果基本一致，NAO.99b模型的改正精度较高；大气重力导纳值在时域和频域内均显示出较为明显的季节性变化特征，且与降雨量变化存在负相关关系。自由核章动本征周期为431.5(411.2, 454.0)恒星日，品质因子为 -2 796。     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE TIDAL FRONT IN THE WESTERN YELLOW SEA

The formation and evolution of the tidal front in the western Yellow Sea are studied by means of a two-dimensional model in which wind and tide mixing, sun radiation and wind stress, and realistic topography are incorporated. In this numerical study, the schemes employed are stable for time step t= 900 s, so the model can be run for 4 months to simulate the front evolution. The authors examined the effects of mixing and atmospheric forcing on the tidal front under conditions of : mixing and solar heating without wind stress on the sea surface; mixing, solar heating and 50 hours of wind stress; mixing, solar heating and long time periodical wind stress, Results show that (1) the tidal front forms at the beginning of May, and strengthens with the increasing of heat input, (2) the temperature structure in the shallow well-mixed water is dominated by mixing, while in the front and deeper stratified regions, it is controlled by the joint effects of (mainly) mixing and advection, 0) the currents and front all     

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Annual time-series analyses of total gaseous mercury measurement and its impact factors on the Gongga Mountains in the southeastern fringe of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Long-term monitoring programs for measurement of atmospheric mercury concentrations are presently recognized as powerful tools for local,regional and global studies of atmospheric long-range transport processes,and they could also provide valuable information about the impact of emission controls on the global budget of atmospheric mercury,their observance and an insight into the global mercury cycle. China is believed to be an increasing atmospheric mercury emission source. However,only a few measurements of mercury,to our knowledge,have been done in ambient air over China. The highly-time resolved atmospheric mercury concen-trations have been measured at Moxi Base Station （102°72′E 29°92′N,1640 m asl） of the Gongga Alpine Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） from May 2005 to June 2006 by using a set of Automatic Atmospheric Mercury Speciation Analyzers （Tekran 2537A）. Measurements were carried out with a time resolution of every 15 minutes. The overall average total gaseous mercury （TGM） covering the measurement periods was 4±1.38 ng·m^-3 （N=57310）,which is higher than the global background level of approximately 1.5～2.0 ng·m^-3. The measurements in all seasons showed a similar diurnal change pattern with a high concentration during daytime relative to nighttime and maximum concentration near solar noon and minimum concentration immediately before sunrise. The presence of diurnal TGM peaks during spring and summer was found earlier than that during autumn and winter. When divided seasonally,it was found that the concentrations of TGM were highest in winter with 6.13 ± 1.78 ng·m^-3 and lowest in summer with 3.17 ± 0.67 ng·m^-3. There were no significant differences in TGM among wind sectors during each season. Whereas Hg generally exhibited significant correlations with the parameters,such as temperature,saturated vapor pressure,precipitation,ultraviolet radiation （UV） and atmospheric pressure at the whole measurement stage,and t     

Tidal effects on temperature front in the Yellow Sea

Temperature front (TF) is one of the important features in the Yellow Sea, which forms in spring, thrives in summer, and fades in autumn as thermocline declines. TF intensity ⋎S _T ⋎ is defined to describe the distribution of TF. Based on the MASNUM wave-tide-circulation coupled model, temperature distribution in the Yellow Sea was simulated with and without tidal effects. Along 36°N, distribution of TF from the simulated results are compared with the observations, and a quantitative analysis is introduced to evaluate the tidal effects on the forming and maintaining processes of the TF. Tidal mixing and the circulation structure adapting to it are the main causes of the TF. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. G1999043809) and the National Science Foundation of China (No. 49736190).     

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