Evaluation of Subsurface Structure at Soultz Hot Dry Rock Site by the AE Reflection Method in Time-frequency Domain

—?Because the Soultz Hot Dry Rock (HDR) site, France, is to be expanded to a scientific pilot plant of greater depth, measurement of the deep area below the predeveloped artificial reservoir is gaining importance. In this paper, we present estimates of deep subsurface structure at the Soultz HDR site, obtained by a reflection method using acoustic emission (AE) signals, that is, induced seismicity, as the wave source. First, we briefly describe the AE reflection method in the time-frequency domain with wavelet transform. Then we show estimates of the subsurface structure by using 101 high-energy AE events observed in 1993. We compare and discuss the results obtained, using the AE reflection method in two wells with other independent borehole observations. Furthermore, we present the results of an investigation of the frequency dependence of reflectors identified by hodogram linearity as a possible means of further characterizing detected structures.     

基于微地震定位与震源机制联合反演算法(JSSA)分析页岩气水力压裂效果及应力状态

采用微地震定位与震源机制联合反演算法(JSSA算法)对威H3-1井的实际压裂数据进行处理,得到1507个事件的空间位置和震源机制信息.根据联合反演的震源机制信息,计算事件的P轴分布,从而解释压裂施工区域的应力分布状态.通过对压裂施工区域的综合解释分析,表明工区西侧存在较大的SN向天然裂缝,以及在水平井附近存在较小的压裂...     

Source Parameters of Microseismic Swarm Events Induced by the Explosion at the Korobkovskoe Iron Ore Deposit

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—Despite extensive research, it is still unclear, to what extent studying the parameters of weak seismicity facilitates the interpretation of...     

利用小震与强震震源机制解反演首都圈现今构造应力场

由于首都圈地区近年来布设了较为密集的地震台网, 使得较小地震震源机制的求解成为可能。 本文收集了首都圈地区近50年来大震震源机制以及2002—2004年中小震震源机制解, 采用对不同震级地震进行加权处理的网格搜索法将强震与小震结合对首都圈地区的现今地壳应力场进行反演。 得到了较为精确的首都圈地区各区域的构造应力场。 结果表明: 北京张家口区, 主压应力轴N(43°～86°)E向; 唐山及邻区,主压应力轴N(38°～86°)E向; 邢台区, 主压应力轴N(79°～81°)E向; 本文反演结果与前人结果相似, 表明了研究方法的正确性, 并揭示了现今首都圈地区应力场的整体一致性和分区差异, 对解释首都圈地区的发震背景和地球动力学研究有一定的参考意义。     

利用小震与强震震源机制解反演首都圈现今构造应力场

由于首都圈地区近年来布设了较为密集的地震台网,使得较小地震震源机制的求解成为可能。本文收集了首都圈地区近５０年来大震震源机制以及2002—2004年中小震震源机制解,采用对不同震级地震进行加权处理的网格搜索法将强震与小震结合对首都圈地区的现今地壳应力场进行反演。得到了较为精确的首都圈地区各区域的构造应力场。结果表明：北京张家口区,主压应力轴 Ｎ（４３°～８６°）Ｅ向;唐山及邻区,主压应力轴 Ｎ（３８°～８６°）Ｅ向;邢台区,主压应力轴 Ｎ（７９°～８１°）Ｅ向;本文反演结果与前人结果相似,表明了研究方法的正确性,并 揭 示 了现今首都圈地区应力场的整体一致性和分区差异,对解释首都圈地区的发震背景和地球动力学研究有一定的参考意义。     

九寨沟M7.0地震多个震源机制中心解的确定

2017年8月8日21时19分在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州九寨沟县发生M7.0地震,对该区域造成一定的人员伤亡和财产损失。该地震发生后,多家地学研究机构和研究人员用不同的资料和方法产出了该地震震源机制解。本研究通过收集他们使用的不同资料和方法得出同一地震的多个震源机制解,找出两个震源机制解空间旋转角差别的表达方法,用Levenberg─Marquadt算法使非线性问题转化成线性问题进行迭代求解,求出了该地震的中心震源机制解。     

Stress Sensitivity of Seismic and Electric Rock Properties of the Upper Continental Crust at the KTB

We test the hypothesis that the general trend of P-wave and S-wave sonic log velocities and resistivity with depth in the pilot hole of the KTB site Germany, can be explained by the progressive closure of the compliant porosity with increasingly effective pressure. We introduce a quantity θ_c characterizing the stress sensitivity of the mentioned properties. An analysis of the downhole measurements showed that estimates of the quantitiy θ_c for seismic velocities and electrical formation factor of the in situ formation coincide. Moreover, this quantity is 3.5 to 4.5 times larger than the averaged stress sensitivity obtained from core samples. We conclude that the hypothesis mentioned above is consistent with both data sets. Moreover, since θ_c corresponds approximately to the inverse of the effective crack aspect ratio, larger in situ estimates of θ_c might reflect the influence of fractures and faults on the stress sensitivity of the crystalline formation in contrast to the stress sensitivity of the nearly intact core samples. Finally, because the stress sensitivity is directly related to the elastic nonlinearity we conclude that the elastic nonlinearity (i.e., deviation from linear stress-strain relationship i.e., Hooke's law) of the KTB rocks is significantly larger in situ than in the laboratory.     

Lessons Learned from 25 Years of Research at the MADE Site

Field studies at well‐instrumented research sites have provided extensive data sets and important insights essential for development and testing of transport theories and mathematical models. This paper provides an overview of over 25 years of research and lessons learned at one of such field research sites on the Columbus Air Force Base in Mississippi, commonly known as the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site. Since the mid‐1980s, field data from the MADE site have been used extensively by researchers around the world to explore complex contaminant transport phenomena in highly heterogeneous porous media. Results from field investigations and modeling analyses suggested that connected networks of small‐scale preferential flow paths and relative flow barriers exert dominant control on solute transport processes. The classical advection‐dispersion model was shown to inadequately represent plume‐scale transport, while the dual‐domain mass transfer model was found to reproduce the primary observed plume characteristics. The MADE site has served as a valuable natural observatory for contaminant transport studies where new observations have led to better understanding and improved models have sprung out analysis of new data.     

1997-1998年伽师强震群震源区应力场特征

利用1997-1998年伽师强震群中强地震震源机制系统聚类及震源区应力场反演,得到以下主要结果:(1)伽师强震群中强地震主要以走滑和正断层为主,伽师震源区主压应力方向为NNE或近NS向,与相邻的柯坪块体区域构造应力场方向不一致;伽师强震群的破裂面沿NEE方向,属左旋破裂;(2)4~5级中强地震应力场反演得到最大主压应力轴为NNE向,最小主压应力轴为NWW向,中等主应力轴倾角为65°,比较直立;(3)伽师强震群震源区应力场在强震前后经历了一系列变化。最后对所得结果进行了一定的讨论。     

Site effects at Euroseistest—I. Determination of the valley structure and confrontation of observations with 1D analysis

This paper describes the process of construction of the 2D model of Volvi's geological structure and results of empirical and theoretical approaches to the evaluation of site response at Euroseistest. The construction of the 2D model is based on a re-interpretation of the available geophysical and geotechnical data in an effort to improve the definition of the subsoil structure at Euroseistest in terms of the most important parameters needed to model site response. The results of this re-interpretation are compared with a previous published 2D model of the same alluvial valley. Different analysis of the measurements and different criteria in the synthesis of data have led to a different model, even if both studies had access to the same field measurements. This underscores the fact that a model results of an interpretation and is not uniquely determined by the data, no matter how detailed they are. The well known subsoil structure opened the possibility to correlate the geometry and the dynamic properties of the 2D model with the results of site response determined from a detailed analysis of two events in frequency and time domains and 1D numerical modeling. The study of site response shows the important effect of the lateral variations on the ground motion and suggests that the contribution of locally generated surface waves to the resonant peak may be important. In the case of Volvi's graben, the limitations of the 1D approximation to simulate ground motion under complex soil conditions in both frequency and time domains are also shown. This paper lays the ground for a companion article dealing with 2D site effects in this basin.     

岱海地区近400年来的"尘暴"事件——来自岱海沉积物粒度的证据

根据高分辨率的岱海沉积物粒度分布的中值粒径和粗颗粒含量,结合区域降水、历史记载资料,重建了内蒙古岱海地区近４００年来发生的尘暴事件。结果表明,尘暴事件是受冬、夏季风的相对强弱制约的,大量尘暴事件频发于小冰期干冷的气候条件下,表现为中值粒径大,粗颗粒含量高,在转暖的现代气候下,尘暴事件很少,中值粒径也随之降低,但是近十几年尘暴事件又呈上升趋势,部分可能与人类活动造成的土地荒漠化有关。