多时相Radarsat数据在广东肇庆地区稻田分类中的应用

将1996年获取的4个时相的Radarsat图像用于广东肇庆地区的稻田分类试验,结果表明,多时相Radarsat数据对水稻类型的识别精度较高,而且稻田的轮作规律容易推测出来。本文系统地介绍了这一试验研究的最新进展,探讨了神经网络分类方法在SAR图像处理中的应用潜力和Radarsat数据在中国南方水稻监测中的最佳时相选择和有效分辨率问题。     

基于SVM+SFS策略的多时相紧致极化SAR水稻精细分类

种类和种植方式的不同会导致水稻长势、产量的差异。精细区分不同水稻品种与种植方式,能够为水稻长势监测与估产提供更精准的信息。紧致极化SAR(compact polarimetry synthetic aperture Radar,CP-SAR)作为新一代对地观测SAR系统的重要发展趋势之一,同时兼具相对丰富的极化信息和较大的幅宽,为大范围水稻精细制图提供了可能。本研究首先利用RADARSAT-2全极化SAR数据模拟CP-SAR数据,并提取了22个CP-SAR特征参数;然后,针对CP-SAR多维特征信息,引入基于支持向量机和序列前进搜寻策略(support vector machine+sequential forward selection,SVM+SFS)的特征选择方法,构建基于决策树和SVM的水稻精细分类方法,得到了水稻精细分类的最优特征子集。实验结果表明,基于决策树的水稻精细分类方法可以获得较好的分类结果,总体精度达92. 57%,Kappa系数达0. 896,与全部特征参数进行分类的结果相比,总体精度高1. 2%,Kappa系数大0. 016。     

粒子群优化算法在全极化SAR影像非监督分类中的应用

极化SAR影像高维数以及高分辨率带来的大数据量特点使得影像分类的复杂度不断增加。粒子群优化(PSO)算法作为新型进化计算技术,具有强大的全局寻优能力。本文研究了一种基于PSO算法的极化SAR影像的分类方法。该方法首先利用H/α方法对数据进行基于散射机理的初分类;然后利用分类结果对PSO算法进行初始化;最后采用PSO对极化SAR数据迭代分类。实验采用NASA-JPL实验室的极化SAR数据以及中国电子科技集团X波段原型样机的高分辨率数据。结果表明,H/α-PSO分类方法较H/α-Wishart分类精度及目视效果均有所提高。     

PolSAR数据在矿山遥感监测中的可行性研究

随着极化合成孔径雷达系统的发展,Pol SAR数据在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。本文研究了Pol SAR数据在矿山监测领域的可行性。首先对Pol SAR数据进行滤波去噪等预处理;然后介绍了适合矿山地物分类的Cloude特征向量分解和Freeman分解方法,在极化分解的基础上采用了一种结合散射熵和Freeman分解的Wishart分类方法进行分类,最终得到矿山监测地物的分类图,并通过人工解译的方式对分类后的图像信息进行归类并建立数据库,得到矿山地区的地物分类图。以机载Pol SAR数据为例,得到了较好的实验结果。     

Sentinel-1A SAR影像及其在矿区地面沉降监测中的应用研究

详细介绍了Sentinel-1A SAR影像数据的基本参数、工作模式、应用领域等。利用2016.11.09—2017.03.09的5景Sentinel-1A C波段SAR影像数据进行矿区地面沉降监测试验。基于SARscape利用双轨D-In SAR技术进行差分干涉处理,得到了研究区地面沉降分布图,直观地再现了研究区在2016.11.09—2017.03.09的沉降分布、沉降量级等。结果表明济宁某矿区在监测期间地面相对稳定,未有大面积和大量级的地面沉降发生,4个干涉对监测到的最大沉降都未超过3 cm。     

Research on PoISAR Image Classification Based on SSVM Algorithm and Texture Feature Introducion

在极化SAR影像极化特征的基础上,引入影像的纹理信息,利用带核函数的SSVM算法对极化SAR影像进行分类研究。该方法首先利用精致LEE滤波器对极化SAR影像进行去噪处理;然后采用小波变换对去噪后的总功率影像Span进行纹理特征提取;最后将纹理信息和极化信息结合,并采用SSVM方法对极化SAR影像进行分类。利用NASA／JPLAIRSAR获取的L波段SanFrancisco海湾和荷兰中部Flevoland地区的影像对该方法进行验证,结果表明,SSVM算法可有效地用于极化SAR影像分类,且分类精度和分类效率都优于SVM算法。同时纹理信息的引入使SSVM算法的分类精度得到了进一步提高。     

全极化SAR数据的最大后验概率分类

结合后验概率对分类的影响和全极化SAR数据特点,提出了一种全极化SAR数据分类方法。首先将全极化SAR数据的协方差矩阵转换为9个服从正态分布的强度量;然后通过迭代分类计算类别出现的概率,对9个强度量进行基于最大后验概率的分类。以黑龙江省逊克县境内的一景ALOS PALSAR全极化数据为例,用该方法进行分类,总体精度和Kappa系数分别达到81.34%和0.84,优于传统的最大似然分类方法。     

引入纹理特征的SSVM算法在极化SAR影像分类中的应用

在极化SAR影像极化特征的基础上,引入影像的纹理信息,利用带核函数的SSVM算法对极化SAR影像进行分类研究。该方法首先利用精致LEE滤波器对极化SAR影像进行去噪处理;然后采用小波变换对去噪后的总功率影像Span进行纹理特征提取;最后将纹理信息和极化信息结合,并采用SSVM方法对极化SAR影像进行分类。利用NASA/JPL AIRSAR获取的L波段SanFrancisco海湾和荷兰中部Flevoland地区的影像对该方法进行验证,结果表明,SSVM算法可有效地用于极化SAR影像分类,且分类精度和分类效率都优于SVM算法。同时纹理信息的引入使SSVM算法的分类精度得到了进一步提高。     

多时相双极化合成孔径雷达干涉测量土地覆盖分类方法

综合采用时相、极化和干涉3种维度的SAR数据进行土地覆盖分类。以黑龙江省逊克县多时相ALOS PALSAR数据覆盖区为研究区,利用不同时相极化SAR、干涉SAR信号对地物特征的敏感性,结合后向散射强度和干涉相干的时变特征进行地物解译,发展了基于多时相、多极化、干涉SAR数据的SVM土地覆盖分类方法。研究结果表明,引入双极化SAR中不同极化(HH-HV)间的相干系数,并结合所选择的时相特征、极化特征以及干涉相干特征进行分类,可解决双极化SAR影像中林地与城市及建设用地的混分问题,得到更高精度的土地覆盖分类结果。     

基于高分辨率机载SAR数据的试验研究

主要研究了高分辨率机载SAR数据运用于测绘试验的可行性,提出数据处理的关键流程,诸如数据获取、成像处理、预处理、几何处理、融合处理,以及可供提取的最基本的制图要素,诸如道路、铁路、水系、植被、耕地和居民地,并进行了精度评估,最后对地形图更新,提取变化信息。试验结果初步表明高分辨率、高成像质量的机载SAR影像数据应用于测绘领域是可行的。可以看出高分辨率机载SAR影像的应用得到了比较满意的结果。     

Analysis of temporal sar and optical data for rice mapping

This study investigates the potential of multi-temporal signature analysis of satellite imagery to map rice area in South 24 Paraganas district of West Bengal. Two optical data (IRS ID LISS III) and three RADARSAT SAR data of different dates were acquired during 2001. Multi-temporal SAR backscatter signatures of different landcovers were incorporated into knowledge based decision rules and kharif landcover map was generated. Based on the spectral variation in signature, the optical data acquired during rabi (January) and summer (March) season were classified using supervised maximum likelihood classifier. A co-incidence matrix was generated using logical approach for a combined “rabi-summer” and “kharif-rabi-summer” landcover mapping. The major landcovers obtained in South 24 Paraganas using remote sensing data are rice, water, aquaculture ponds, homestead, mangrove, and urban area. The classification accuracy of rice area was 98.2% using SAR data. However, while generating combined “kharif-rabi-summer” landcovers, the classification accuracy of rice area was improved from 81.6% (optical data) to 96.6% (combined SAR-Optical). The primary aim of the study is to achieve better accuracy in classifying rice area using the synergy between the two kinds of remotely sensed data.     

ALOS PALSAR双极化数据水稻制图

以江苏省海安县为研究区,使用2008年获取的日本ALOS卫星PALSAR双极化模式数据,分析水稻在L波段SAR图像上的后向散射特征,并提出相应的水稻制图方法。水稻在L波段上表现出了和C波段相同的时相变化特征。HH极化后向散射依赖于水稻植株的空间分布结构,某些机械插秧区域的布拉格共振现象引起水稻后向散射严重增强,给利用PALSAR数据水稻制图带来了困难。而HV极化不存在布拉格共振现象。在考虑布拉格共振影响的条件下,提出了联合PALSAR双极化模式HH和HV极化数据、基于时相变化特征进行水稻制图的方法,获得了88.4%的制图精度。     

SAR polarimetric change detection for flooded vegetation

Abstract

Due to spatial and temporal variability an effective monitoring system for water resources must consider the use of remote sensing to provide information. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is useful due to timely data acquisition and sensitivity to surface water and flooded vegetation. The ability to map flooded vegetation is attributed to the double bounce scattering mechanism, often dominant for this target. Dong Ting Lake in China is an ideal site for evaluating SAR data for this application due to annual flooding caused by mountain snow melt causing extensive changes in flooded vegetation. A curvelet-based approach for change detection in SAR imagery works well as it highlights the change and suppresses the speckle noise. This paper addresses the extension of this change detection technique to polarimetric SAR data for monitoring surface water and flooded vegetation. RADARSAT-2 images of Dong Ting Lake demonstrate this curvelet-based change detection technique applied to wetlands although it is applicable to other land covers and for post disaster impact assessment. These tools are important to Digital Earth for map updating and revision.     

Synergistic use of multi-temporal Radarsat SAR and AWiFS data for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rabi</Emphasis> rice identification

A national level project on kharif rice identification and acreage estimation is being carried out successfully for several states in the country. A similar methodology based on the temporal profile for identification and delineation of various land cover classes has been followed for the Rabi rice acreage estimation. To define rabi rice, rabi season in India starts from November — February to March — June. Though the main growing season is predominantly winter but the uncertainty of getting cloud free data during the season has resulted in the use of microwave data. A feasibility study was taken up for early forecasting of the rabi rice area using microwave data. Hierarchical decision rule classification technique was used for the identification of the different land cover classes. Land preparation, puddling and transplantation were the reasons for the specific backscatter of rice growing areas. The increase or decrease in the SAR backscatter due to progress in the crop phenology or due to delayed sowing respectively forms the basis for identifying the rice areas. In addition the potential of optical data of a later date has been utilized in the form of various indices from bands including MIR to distinctly separate the late sown areas and also the puddled areas from other areas. This study emphasizes the synergistic use of SAR and optical data for delineating the rabi rice areas which is of immense use in giving an early forecast.     

Earth observations during space shuttle flight STS‐41: Discovery's mission to planet earth

Abstract

Multi‐temporal ERS‐1 SAR data acquired over a large agricultural region in West Bengal was used to classify kharif crops like rice, jute and sugarcane. Rice crop grown under lowland management practice showed a temporal characteristic. The dynamic range of backscatter was highest for this crop in temporal SAR data. This was used to classify rice using temporal SAR data. Such temporal character was not observed for the other study crops, which may be due to the difference in cultivation practice and crop calendar. Significant increase in backscatter from the ploughed fields was used to derive information on onset and duration of land preparations. Synergistic use of optical remote sensing data and SAR data increased the separability of rice crop from homesteads and permanent vegetation classes.     

Multi temporal ERS-1 SAR data for identification of rice crop

Microwave sensors having all-weather capabilities provide an opportunity to monitor rice grown in monsoon season. An attempt has been made to identify rice crop using multitemporal ERS-1 SAR data in C-band (5.3 GHz). Data acquired on August 15 (D1), September 19 (D2), October 24 (D3) and November 28 (D4) 1993 were taken. Combinations of data acquired on different dates were used for identification of rice crop. Single-date IRS-1B LISS II data in visible and NIR bands acquired on October 23, 1993 was also used for comparison of estimated rice area. Analysis of the results has shown that a combination of SAR data acquired at the tillering (August), booting (September) and heading (October) stages of rice crop enabled identification and area estimation of rice crop grown under lowland conditions. Single-date SAR data acquired in the month of October was found to be better for identification of rice compared to other dates.     

基于高分三号卫星SAR影像的DOM制作方法研究

将星载SAR影像作为光学卫星难以获取数据地区的重要补充数据源,是基础地理信息更新的一种手段。通过对SAR影像成像机理、光谱几何特征等进行研究,总结基于高分三号卫星SAR影像处理的方法和流程,形成星载SAR影像制作DOM产品的生产技术方案,为大规模开展生产实践提供借鉴。     

基于地形图数据库的跨比例尺级别缩编更新方法研究

针对利用1：500地形图快速更新其他比例尺地形图的需求,本文提出了基于地形图数据库的同比例尺级别和跨比例尺级别全自动缩编更新入库的方法。通过设计地形图模板及过渡模板,定义地物要素综合取舍转换规则,开发自动缩编软件模块,定制自动缩编更新任务,利用数据库中测量更新范围线自动下载地形图数据进行缩编及更新入库,实现大比例尺地形图依次缩编更新获取多种比例尺地形图的目标。本文提出的技术方法已在长沙市城市基础地理信息数据库更新工作中得到了验证,为采用缩编方式快速获取多样性地理信息数据提供了技术经验。     

基于图幅的地形图数据自适应更新实现

随着城市建设的快速发展,城市基础地形图数据的更新与管理越来越受到城市规划部门和测绘部门的重视,地形图数据的自动化更新成为了一种迫切的需求。针对这一需求,在分析地形图数据特点的基础上,提出采用基于图幅更新的方式来保证地形图数据的现势性,详细地阐述了基于图幅更新的整个流程和历史数据回溯的过程,并开发了基于图幅更新的地形图数据自适应更新系统,同时以珠海市1：2000地形图矢量数据为实例,验证了该方法的可行性。试验结果表明该方法能够很好地保证地形图数据的现势性。     

工程测量数据动态更新基础地形图的实施

定期更新和动态更新相结合是提高基础地形图现势性的重要保障,从工程测量成果数据的特征和面向对象/地物要素的更新技术2个角度出发,论证了利用工程测量数据动态更新基础地形图数据和技术的可行性;以广州市工程测量数据动态更新地形图为例,详细介绍了动态更新的实施方案、总体思路、主要工作内容及相关技术等,可为其他城市利用工程测量数据动态更新地形图提供参考。