伸展断陷中的变换构造分析

变换构造分析对于研究伸展断陷盆地的构造格局与油气分布具有重要的意义。在前人研究成果和近年来渤海湾盆地大量地震反射剖面解释的基础上,讨论了变换构造研究中一些有争议和有意义的问题。(1)对变换构造研究中采用的术语,诸如分段构造、变换构造、传递带、调节带和转换带重新进行了定义,并阐述了其基本概念。(2)根据侧列控凹主断层之间连接方式的不同,提出了一个新的分类方案,首先将变换构造划分为传递带、调节带和转换带3类,而后考虑每类变换构造特有的标志细分为若干亚类。(3)传递带和调节带的形成机制一般与侧列的控凹断层位移量沿其走向均匀变化有关。在断层中段位移量最大,在其末端,位移量减至最小。传递带和调节带形成于断层末端,然而,由于侧列断层叠覆程度的差异、位移量是否守恒、断层的倾向状况以及平面上侧列断层末端之间的横向距离等诸多因素,从而产生传递带或者是调节带以及与之有关的多种多样的变换构造样式。与传递带和调节带不同,转换带以连接不同伸展构造段的转换断层为特征,推测其形成是由于地壳伸展速率的巨大差异所致。     

造山带构造样式的恢复及其构造环境意义

造山带主要发育在板块边界或邻近板块边界的活动大陆边缘以及陆内裂陷带。平卧格皱伴随韧性剪切带是活动大陆边缘造山带典型的区域构造样式。轴面陡立或刨转扇形格皱伴随道冲断裂是陆内裂陷造山带的构造标志。往往由于经历过多期的构造变形和后天构造的干扰，不能直接辨认造山带的原始构造样式和方位。因此，需要进行系统观测—，明辨变形形迹及其世代关系，分别获取必需的产状数据，因地制宜地进行构造解析，恢复造山带初始的构造样式及其方位，为鉴别它的构造环境性质和编制大陆块体的构造格架图提出可靠的依据。     

皖南构造带的组成、构造特征和构造演化

在前人地质调查和研究的基础上,结合作者近年在该区的工作,以新的锆石U-Pb年龄为依据,论述了皖南构造带的组成、前南华纪基底形成的时代和构造背景。以构造变形特征为依据,将皖南构造带分为3个构造分区,论述了各个分区的总体构造特征和不同方向断裂构造的变形特征。最后,概述了皖南构造带从晋宁期到燕山期的构造演化。     

哀牢山构造带古构造应力场特征

通过野外对哀牢山构造带漠沙镇、戛洒镇两地的哀牢山群中的构造形迹和形变特征进行观察和记录,将哀牢山构造带的应力场初步划分为韧性和脆性两期,并通过对构造带中的各种小构造（片理、劈理、褶皱、构造透镜体、擦痕及节理等）进行构造解析,初步获得了哀牢山构造带中至少存在两期构造应力场,其主压应力方向:北东—南西和北西—南东向挤压,现今构造应力场继承了古构造应力场;最后结合前人研究成果,简要分析了哀牢山构造带两种不同构造应力场的动力来源,即可能与构造带所处的周边板块和深部流体挤压作用有重要联系。      

构造分析方法探讨

构造不连续带是与构造区段相对应的构造单元,在构造变形中起着极为重要的作用。①控制其两侧的构造变形,成就不同的构造样式;②运动面的作用,两则地块相向、相背或旋转运动,错综复杂的构造图像,就是构造不连带控制、调整的结果,大尺度的构造不连续带围限同尺度或小尺度的构造区段,大尺度的构造区段包容小尺度的构造不连续带,这种围限与被围限、包容与被包容的关系,揭示了不同尺度构造的控制与序次的关系。提出构造不连续带     

高黎贡山构造带南段构造变形史

高黎贡山构造带南段构造变形史胡建军（云南地勘局区调所）位于云南西部的高黎贡山，由于它复杂的地质结构构造和丰富的矿产资源，历来是国内＿外地质工作者十分关注的地区之一。高黎贡山构造带由北向南，从南北向延伸至龙陵后，转为北东一南西走向。这里所指的高黎贡山构...     

西天山那拉提构造带及其找矿前景

那拉提构造带位于天山西段伊犁盆地与南天山之间，出露宽度约25km，由早元古代片岩，片麻岩及混合岩，混合花岗岩组成；深层次韧性剪切带及叠加中-浅层次剪切带发育；那拉提构造带南缘断裂明显，南侧为古生代浅变质黑色岩系；构造带北缘韧/脆性剪切带宽度大，两侧岩石劈理化后易于混淆，故界线不明显，那拉提构造带基本地质特征可与邻国中天山对比，存在寻找国外类似大型金矿床的条件和可能。     

黄骅盆地孔西构造带的构造演化特征

通过平衡剖面技术复原古构造演化，并结合区域构造分析，可将孔西构造带的发育过程大致分为三个构造变形阶段：晚三叠世末期为挤压褶皱变形期；晚三叠世沉积后至侏罗系沉积前为逆冲构造变形期；早－中侏罗世为逆冲构造“轻度”渐进变形期。晚侏罗世以后，区域构造作用发生反转。随着晚侏罗－早白垩世、早第三纪裂陷盆地的发育，孔西构造带作为潜山构造被掩埋。裂陷盆地时期的伸展构造对孔西构造带前第三系的逆冲构造基本上没有大的改造。     

区域性南北向构造带和全球性经向构造体系

文中简述了我国及其邻区区域性规模的南北向构造带的现位展布及其表现形式,讨论了它们可能的成因类型和构造性质,分析了全球经向构造体系和区域性南北向构造带的成生联系。      

临清坳陷变换构造研究

讨论了临清坳陷内3个规模较大的调节构造带,即封丘左行传递带、马陵横向背斜调节带和夏津—腰站斜向背斜调节带的构造特征及成因机制。临清坳陷内“东西分带、南北分块”的构造特征,是由平行于裂谷轴方向的NNE(NE)向伸展正断层和垂直(或斜交)于裂谷轴方向的NW(NWW)斜向滑移断层及横向构造带等共同作用造成的;区内3个规模较大的调节构造带是造成“南北分块”的构造原因,这些调节构造带垂直或斜交于裂谷方向．通过传递带或调节带的方式调节不同伸展域间的应变,从而使区域应变守恒。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861