豫西嵩县乌桑沟岩体锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

正秦岭造山带内发育多期岩浆活动,其中印支期岩浆作用是重要的组成部分之一。秦岭印支期岩浆活动具有明显的空间分布不均一性,它主要集中分布于西秦岭地区,且以中、酸性侵入岩为主,而在东秦岭地区仅零星出露,如小秦岭地区的正长斑岩岩脉(栾世伟等,1985)及钾长花岗岩岩墙(徐启东等,1998)、熊耳山地区不规则脉状或囊状的花岗斑岩(任富根等,2001)、嵩县南部外方山地区的纸房-黄庄正长岩(邱家骧等,1993;任富根等,     

大别造山带红安地块康家湾构造混杂岩锆石U- Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

扬子克拉通北缘中元古代—新元古代地质构造演化一直是地学界研究的热点。本文报道了大别造山带红安地块康家湾混杂岩中榴闪岩岩块和含石榴子石白云钠长片岩基质中锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成。结果表明,康家湾混杂岩中榴闪岩岩块的原岩形成时间为1064±10 Ma,且经历了183±3 Ma的流体作用过程;中元古代锆石Hf同位素组成(ε_Hf(t)=4.7～12.3)接近当时的亏损地幔值,指示榴闪岩原岩(玄武质岩石)可能来自亏损的地幔源区部分熔融作用;混杂基质中碎屑锆石年龄谱可大致分为2576 Ma、2065～1698 Ma、1071～560 Ma和254～156 Ma四组,暗示其物源可能主要来自于近源的秦岭-大别造山带前寒武纪基底;基质中最年轻的岩浆锆石年龄为～240 Ma,表明康家湾混杂岩的最终就位时间可能在晚三叠世到早侏罗世之间。综合秦岭-大别造山带新元古代构造演化过程,本研究认为大别造山带红安地块与扬子克拉通庙湾蛇绿岩、神农架弧等共同构成了一套中元古代末期—新元古代早期岛弧增生造山体系,从而支持扬子克拉通可能由一系列微陆块逐渐拼合而成。     

长江现代沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成与物源示踪研究

为研究长江沉积物物质来源,对长江流域24个现代沉积物样品进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄测试,并对10个样品做Hf同位素分析,结果表明:长江河流沉积物的碎屑锆石多为岩浆成因.碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要有6组峰:2.4 ～2.6Ga,1.8 ～2.0Ga,700 ～ 1000Ma,400 ～ 550Ma,200～300Ma和＜65Ma,其中200～300Ma和700 ～1000Ma为主要的两组峰.锆石U-Pb年龄谱系可区分出长江4个区段,即金沙江段、川江段、长江中游段和下游段,与地理分段相吻合.结合Hf同位素研究,可认为长江流域沉积物中生代-新生代的锆石主要来自松潘-甘孜褶皱带和秦岭造山带;古生代的锆石多来自秦岭造山带;元古代-太古代的锆石则多来自扬子克拉通、华夏地块和大别造山带.     

东秦岭磨沟碱性岩体年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

河南嵩县磨沟碱性岩体位于华北陆块南缘,其主体岩性为霓辉正长岩,局部出露正长岩和少量似斑状(霓辉)正长岩,发育岩浆暗色包体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,霓辉正长岩和正长岩成岩年龄分别为210.4±2.0Ma(MSWD=0.39)和237.6±2.9Ma(MSWD=0.95),结合前人研究成果,认为该岩体是中三叠世和晚三叠世两期岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示,霓辉正长岩的σ值为8.93~11.08,K2O含量为10.70%~13.76%,K2O/Na2O值为3.87~10.35,属于过碱性岩石系列的钾质碱性岩;在微量元素组成上,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有弱或不明显的负铕异常。在同位素组成上,霓辉正长岩具有偏高的、变化范围很大的(87Sr/86Sr)i值和显著偏低的εNd(t)值;锆石的εHf(t)值变化于-21.6~-4.5之间,两阶段Hf模式年龄为1 555~2 629 Ma。磨沟岩体是由含金云母的富集地幔部分熔融产生的幔源岩浆与壳源岩浆混合并经一定程度的分异演化形成的,岩石中高含量的K来源于这种含金云母的富集地幔。磨沟岩体早期岩浆活动发生于秦岭造山带主碰撞峰期的局部伸展环境,晚期岩浆活动则发生于后碰撞伸展环境。     

豫西焦沟正长岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

豫西纸房—黄庄地区是东秦岭造山带印支期碱性侵入岩规模最大的出露区,对其中的焦沟岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和元素地球化学分析,探讨其源区特征及深部动力学背景。焦沟岩体定年样品JG1701为霓辉正长岩,出现了约2.6 Ga、约2.5 Ga、约2.4 Ga、约2.3 Ga、约2.1 Ga、约1.9 Ga和约243 Ma 7个年龄组,形成了锆石年龄谱,最晚一组6颗锆石测点的206Pb/238U年龄为243.2±4.8 Ma,表明其形成于中三叠世。焦沟岩体的Na2 O+K2 O含量为11.50%~14.01%,碱度率(AR)和K2O/Na2O值分别为3.92~9.17和3.78~10.25,属于碱性-过碱性系列,且具有超钾质岩石的特征。焦沟岩体的稀土元素总量介于176×10^-6~315×10^-6之间,(La/Yb)N范围为9.51~20.43,稀土元素配分模式具有右倾、轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损和无明显负Eu异常的特征。焦沟岩体强烈富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素,在微量元素蛛网图中显示了一致的Th、Nb、Ta、P、Ti异常谷,以及Ba、K、Zr、Hf异常峰。它的部分熔融源区位于石榴子石-尖晶石过渡带,埋深介于60~80 km之间,残余矿物包括金云母、富钛矿物(如金红石和钛铁矿)、石榴子石和尖晶石。焦沟岩体是幔源富钾岩浆/流体与壳源岩浆/流体库混合活化之后形成的,深部控制过程为岩石圈拆沉作用。     

滇西梁河地区闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

对滇西梁河地区早白垩世闪长岩岩株中的花岗闪长岩和闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试,获得206Pb/238U年龄分别为118.7Ma±1.5Ma和119.8Ma±1.0Ma,表明它们与早白垩世花岗岩体基本同时形成。其中在闪长岩中发现1颗约140Ma的岩浆锆石,可能指示梁河地区早白垩世初期的岩浆事件,2颗晚三叠世锆石继承核的年龄分别为208.2Ma±6.7Ma和221.9Ma±2.4Ma,记录了印支期的岩浆活动。花岗闪长岩和闪长岩具有相似的全岩εNd(t)值(-8.03、-7.70),但却表现出不均一的锆石εHf(t)值(118.7Ma:-5.60~-3.28;119.8Ma:-6.73~-3.09),表明它们来自于结晶基底重熔的长英质岩浆与幔源岩浆的混合。不同锆石的Hf同位素组成显示,与北冈底斯带相比,滇西梁河地区早白垩世幔源组分参与花岗质岩石形成的程度较低。滇西梁河地区花岗闪长岩和闪长岩的形成,可能与地壳加厚的构造背景有关。     

北秦岭西段吕梁期构造岩浆事件的年代学及其构造意义

北秦岭造山带西段宝鸡地区首次识别出中元古代早期的花岗岩体——陕西太白岩基巩坚沟变形侵入体和宝鸡岩基胡店变形侵入体,原岩均为中细粒二长花岗岩。依据锆石CL影像特征,结合锆石成因分析,进行锆石微区U-Pb同位素LA-ICPMS（激光剥蚀等离子体质谱）测定,分别获得1741Ma±12Ma和1770 Ma±13Ma的岩浆结晶年龄。岩石地球化学资料均显示变形侵入体形成于板块边缘的俯冲-碰撞构造环境,岩浆源于部分熔融的地壳物质,应代表北秦岭造山带西段中元古代早期一次强烈的构造岩浆事件。太白巩坚沟和宝鸡胡店变形侵入体的测年结果和陕西凤县红花铺英云闪长岩中捕获锆石的年龄信息（1765 Ma±8Ma）,为较精确地限定北秦岭西段吕梁期构造岩浆事件的时限提供了依据。在分析北秦岭造山带西段早期构造属性的基础上,提出近1.8Ga的构造岩浆事件可能是Columbia 超大陆汇聚在北秦岭造山带西段的响应。     

西秦岭早子沟金锑矿床含矿英安斑岩年代学及其成因

早子沟超大型金锑矿床位于西秦岭造山带西部,矿体赋存于三叠系古浪堤组板岩和中酸性侵入岩内。因与岩浆岩围岩具有密切的空间关系,早子沟矿床被认为是岩浆热液矿床。本研究选择早子沟Au1矿体英安斑岩围岩为研究对象,进行锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素分析。结果表明,早子沟Au1矿体英安斑岩成岩年代为235.3±3.3Ma,锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为-12.78～-8.76,对应的二阶段模型年龄为1.82～2.07 Ga,表明岩浆可能来源于古元古代下地壳物质的部分熔融。本次发现的英安斑岩表明早子沟地区岩浆活动从约250 Ma持续到约235 Ma,矿体与围岩的穿切关系暗示成矿年代不可能早于235.3 Ma。结合前人年代学结果,我们认为早子沟可能形成于约210 Ma,矿床的形成与岩浆活动没有成因联系。     

湘中地区龙山金锑矿床酸性岩脉U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

本研究选择龙山金锑矿床外围出露的酸性岩脉(花岗斑岩脉、花岗闪长斑岩脉)开展系统的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究,以查明湘中盆地内酸性岩脉的形成时代、源区特征及构造背景,并探讨了酸性岩脉与龙山金锑矿床的关系。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,龙山地区出露的5条酸性岩脉具有一致的结晶年龄,为220~217Ma,是印支晚期岩浆活动的产物。酸性岩脉的锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成特征也较为一致,176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282264~0.282536,εHf(t)=-13.4~-3.7,tDM2为2089~1482Ma。结合元素地球化学特征,表明龙山地区出露的酸性岩脉可能主要由深部的古-中元古代浅变质碎屑岩在碰撞后伸展背景下减压部分熔融形成。酸性岩脉的成岩年龄与龙山金锑矿印支晚期成矿年龄大体一致。结合前人的研究,我们认为印支晚期的岩浆活动可能是龙山金锑矿成矿的重要热源和流体来源之一。     

北秦岭西段三叠纪超镁铁岩-正长岩体的确定及其地质意义

陕西凤县九子沟地区的奥陶纪草滩沟群中出露一套由透辉石岩组成的超镁铁质岩体,依据岩性和区域对比,被认为是形成于古生代而且可能是大洋岩石圈残片,但缺乏详细研究。野外地质考察发现,该透辉石岩在露头上与一套黑云母透辉石岩和(含透辉石)正长岩关系密切,而且以黑云母透辉石岩为主体。本文在详细岩石学研究的基础上,对其中的透辉石岩、黑云母透辉石岩以及(含透辉石)正长岩进行了透辉石矿物成分、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。结果表明,三种岩石中的透辉石皆为岩浆型透辉石,而且透辉石成分在透辉石岩和(含透辉石)正长岩中完全相同,而在黑云母透辉石岩中出现向普通辉石转变的趋势。LA-ICP-MS锆石定年结果,得到透辉石岩、黑云母透辉石岩和(含透辉石)正长岩的形成年龄分别为235.2±1.6Ma、232.8±4.3Ma和230.7±2.1Ma,表明九子淘超镁铁岩-正长岩形成于中生代。透辉石岩和黑云母透辉石岩锆石具有相似的Hf同位素组成,初始~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf分别变化于0.282405~0.282589和0.282397~0.282607,ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-8.26~-1.37和-8.41~-0.84之间,显示富集岩石圈地幔特征;(含透辉石)正长岩锆石~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf介于0.282577~0.282825之间,ε_(Hf)(t)值为-2.06~+5.83,是富集岩石圈地幔低程度部分熔融的产物,与超镁铁岩来自不同的岩浆源区。综合区域地质已有研究,九子沟中生代超镁铁岩-正长岩体是在华北、扬子两大板块碰撞过程中构造体制由挤压向伸展转换阶段,由两个富集岩石圈地幔不同程度部分熔融的、独立演化岩浆先后侵位形成。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861