青海德令哈巴音郭勒河断裂带的新活动特征

在青海德令哈巴音郭勒河北侧山前冲洪积扇上新发现了一条长约60km的逆断裂带,属于本区NNW-NWW向的柴达木盆地北缘活动断裂系内的一条次级挤压构造。断裂在地貌上表现为明显的挤压逆冲断层陡坎,晚更新世晚期以来的平均垂直滑动速率为0.41±0.27mm/a。探槽剖面确定了三次古地震事件,其年代分别为距今约32.7±1.45ka、15.54±1.32ka和3.2±0.33ka。     

登登山-池家刺窝断裂晚第四纪活动性定量研究

登登山-池家刺窝断裂位于阿尔金断裂东端宽滩山隆起的NE侧,总体走向NW,地貌上表现为醒目的断层陡坎;登登山段长约19km,池家刺窝段长约6.5km。通过卫星影像解译、探槽开挖、断错地貌测量及年龄样品测试等工作,研究了2条断裂的新活动特征。宽滩山NE麓普遍发育3级地貌面,即山前基岩侵蚀台面和冲沟I、Ⅱ级阶地。登登山断裂断错除I级阶地以外的其他地貌面,陡坎高度普遍在1.5m左右,最大高度2.6m。探槽揭露登登山断裂晚更新世以来有3次古地震事件,3次事件的总断距约2.7m,一次事件的垂直断距为0.5~1.2m,事件Ⅰ大约发生于距今5ka;事件Ⅱ大致发生于距今2×10~4a,事件Ⅲ大致发生于距今3.5×10~4a,重复间隔约1.5×10~4a,晚更新世以来的垂直滑动速率约为0.04mm/a。池家刺窝断裂断错了所有3级地貌面,陡坎最大高度为4m,一般在2m左右。探槽揭露池家刺窝断裂晚更新世以来也有3次古地震事件,3次事件的总断距约3.25m,1次事件的垂直位错为0.75~1.5m,晚更新世以来断裂垂直滑动速率为0.06mm/a。池家刺窝断裂古地震事件年代限定较差,但最新1次事件晚于登登山断裂,根据登登山断裂古地震事件的研究结果,推测池家刺窝断裂古地震重复间隔接近于登登山断裂的1.5×10~4a左右。池家刺窝断裂的最新活动时代晚于登登山断裂,1次事件的垂直位错及晚更新世以来的垂直滑动速率都比登登山断裂略大,2条断裂之间还有长约5km的不连续段,被第四纪冲洪积砂砾石层覆盖,地形平坦,断裂地貌特征不发育,这些都表明登登山断裂和池家刺窝断裂具有明显的分段活动特征。阿尔金断裂以北的登登山和池家刺窝断裂规模都不大,垂直滑动速率仅为0.04~0.06mm/a,远小于祁连山断裂及酒西盆地内NW向断裂的垂直滑动速率,反映出构造变形主要限制在高原内部及河西走廊地区,登登山和池家刺窝断裂以低滑动速率、古地震复发间隔很长(10~4a)的缓慢构造变形为特征。     

山西交城断裂北端及中段3个大型探槽全新世断错现象分析

前人在山西交城断裂带上开挖过多个探槽,揭露出全新世3次古地震事件,但其研究结果尚不能确定该断裂带全新世活动段的北部边界.近期在该断裂带北端和中段又开挖了3个大型探槽,其中在阳曲县泥屯盆地西界开挖的龙王沟探槽,是一个由多个探槽组合成的大探槽,该探槽揭示的地层断错信息,将交城断裂带全新世活动的范围向北延伸了20km.另外2个大型探槽分别为交城断裂带中段瓦窑沟东侧台地前缘的瓦窑探槽与市儿口沟西侧T1阶地前缘的新民探槽.这3个大探槽均揭示出全新世中期(14C测年值为距今5 ～ 6ka)的垆土和淤泥层,以及多组平行分布的断面,所揭示的全新世3次古地震事件具有断错事件活动的同步性,可与前人探槽揭示的全新世断层活动事件相对比.3次断错活动时间分别距今3.06 ～3.53ka、5.32ka左右或6.14ka左右、8.36ka左右;3次事件的时间间隔分别为2.02 ～ 2.84ka和2.22 ～ 3.04ka.这些断错事件的同震垂直位移为1.5～4.7m,显示了7级以上地表破裂型的强震活动.最后讨论了探槽中14C测年样品的影响因素.     

青藏高原北缘三危山断裂东北段的古地震事件

三危山断裂位于青藏高原北缘,为阿尔金断裂带的一条重要分支,研究其晚更新世以来的活动特征,可为全面地把握青藏高原北缘的地震活动规律提供基础资料。在对三危山断裂东北段(十工口子西-双塔)进行遥感资料解译、野外地质地貌调查和探槽开挖,并分析探槽内揭露的断层、地层和楔状堆积三者之间关系的基础上,结合相关堆积物的光释光断代研究,最终利用逐次限定法分析了古地震事件发生的年代。研究发现该断裂段上晚更新世以来发生了3次古地震事件:距今最远的一次事件E1发生在约5.3万年前,接近5.3万年;第二次事件E2发生于距今约4万年之前,5.3万年之后,更接近4万年;最近的一次事件E3发生于距今7.42—2.47ka。由于晚更新世以来探槽开挖地点地层沉积的不连续,或地层沉积之后发生的侵蚀作用,导致探槽内揭露出的古地震事件存在严重缺失。但可以确定的是,在晚更新世中晚期和全新世,三危山断裂东北段上确有破裂地表的古地震事件发生。     

金州断裂盖州北—鞍山段古地震破裂的新证据

1975年海城M_S7.3地震是中国第1次成功预报的7级以上破坏型地震,避免了大量人员和财产损失。但在地震后的调查中并没有发现较为连续的地表破裂带,只在零星地点发现了一些地表裂缝和喷砂冒水现象。该地震的等震线表现出较为明显的共轭特征,因此研究者对于海城地震的发震断层一直存在一定争议。文中对与海城河断裂共轭相交的金州断裂盖州北—鞍山段进行了遥感影像解译、微地貌测量和古地震探槽开挖等工作,发现金州断裂自大石桥市沿NE向至鞍山市南,在盆山过渡带的晚更新世和全新世地貌面上存在较为明显的沿NE向展布的断层陡坎。由于人类活动,断层陡坎展布不连续。断层陡坎的高度多为1～2m,最大可达3m;在海城市南葫芦峪村开挖的古地震探槽揭露出盖州北—鞍山段具有宽约20m的基岩破碎带,晚更新世晚期—全新世以来(距今(37.6±2.2) ka)至少发生过2次古地震事件。较新的一次地震发生于全新世(距今(11.7±0.8) ka以后,很可能为距今400～500a)。由于全新世地层太薄所限,无法识别出更多全新世古地震,但可以判断金州断裂盖州北—鞍山段为晚更新世晚期—全新世活动断裂。     

山西交城断裂带西张探槽全新世古地震研究

西张探槽①位于山西太原市西北10km,沿交城断裂带北段NNW方向高4.6m的低陡坎前缘开挖。探槽长108m,宽8m,深10m,揭露18层地层。探槽上部地层为亚砂土,探槽内断层下降盘的上部地层为一套砾石层,下部地层为一套褐色垆土与亚砂土互层,断层的上升盘地层以亚砂土为主夹砾石层。探槽揭露出3条断面,断面的上断点距地表1.5m,断错的最新地层距今(3.74±0.06)ka。探槽揭示出断面、地层断错、崩积楔、地层倾斜等现象。由探槽揭露出的地层与断层的关系可知早全新世以来交城断裂带曾发生3次断层活动事件,其时间分别为距今(3.74±0.06)～(3.06±0.26)ka、(8.35±0.09)～(3.74±0.06)ka与(10.66±0.85)～(8.35±0.09)ka,具有2.6～3.6ka的强震重复间隔;3次同事件最小垂直位移分别为3.0m、2.5m及3.2m。西张探槽的意义在于揭示了历史上未有强震记载的晋中盆地几千年前有过多次强震活动。西张探槽获得的交城断裂带全新世古地震活动的依据,对评价太原市未来的强震危险性具有重要意义     

山西交城断裂带多个大探槽全新世古地震活动对比研究

介绍了沿交城断裂带5个地点开挖探槽揭示的古地震情况.这5个大探槽分别沿交城断裂带北、中、南段分布,其中北段和中段各有2个地点,南段1个地点,探槽之间相距 11～35km.位于该断裂带北段和中段的4个探槽出露了断错全新世地层的断面,在这4个探槽中,位于断裂带北段的西张探槽和位于断裂带中段的新民探槽揭示的全新世3次古地震事件可进行对比,具有活动的同步性.由此显示交城断裂带的中段和北段在距今3 060～3 740a、接近5 910a及8 530～8 560a期间,曾发生3次有地表破裂的古地震事件.位于断裂带北段的冶峪探槽,由于探槽位于台地内冲沟右旋扭曲处,断错的最新地层的年代距今10 730a,其它断面断错晚更新世地层.位于断裂带中段的上固驿探槽地处洪积扇,断层带宽70m,断层走向N58°～74°E,断错的最新地层距今11 570a,揭示了NEE向田庄断层晚更新世时期的活动.位于断裂带南段窑头探槽所在的原始地形受到人工改造影响,探槽剖面揭示全新统覆盖在显示距今 3.0～3.5万年期间受到断裂活动影响的地层之上.交城断裂带5个地点的探槽开挖结果显示,该断裂带全新世时期的活动自南向北迁移.     

内蒙古色尔腾山山前断裂带乌加河段古地震活动

通过对色尔腾山山前断裂带乌加河段断层地貌研究，并结合前人对断裂带断裂活动性的工作，分析得到乌加河活动断裂段晚更新世晚期(距今1.445～2.234万年)以来平均垂直位移速率是0.48～0.75 mm/a，全新世早中期以来(距今5 570～8 830年)平均垂直位移速率是0.56～ 0.88 mm/a．利用5个探槽中揭露的古地震现象，结合前人对该断裂带古地震的研究结果，分析确定出2.7万年以来，色尔腾山山前断裂乌加河段共揭露出5次古地震事件，重复间隔约为4 300～4 400年．距今8 000～9 000年之间可能为一个古地震丛，而距今1～2万年之间可能遗漏了两次古地震事件．对比断层陡坎的高度与探槽中揭示出古地震事件的位移和，以及由断层平均位移速率和一次事件的位移得到古地震的重复间隔，得到阿拉盖兔探槽中缺失了3次古地震事件，整个活动断裂段上可能缺失了两次古地震事件．      

青藏高原北缘三危山断裂晚更新世活动特征

三危山断裂位于青藏高原北缘,属于阿尔金断裂带向NW扩展的分支断裂,其最新的构造活动反映了青藏高原北部地区的构造演化及地震活动特征。文中通过遥感影像解译、野外实地调查和地质填图,对该断裂晚第四纪构造活动特征进行了研究。结果表明,三危山断裂发育于三危山西北麓,长约175km,断裂以左旋走滑为主,兼有逆断层性质,局部表现出正断层特征。其构造活动的地貌表现形式主要有:基岩陡坎、断层沟槽以及山包、冲沟左旋等。古地震探槽开挖揭示三危山断裂主要断错晚更新世地层,在距今(40.3±5.2)~(42.1±3.9)ka有过1次古地震活动,为1条晚更新世活动断裂。     

四川龙门山活动断裂带典型地段晚第四纪强震多期活动证据

断错地貌调查和探槽开挖是获取活动断裂多期活动重要的线索．介绍了龙门山中央断裂带北川县城及平武县平通镇的断层沟槽调查及龙门山前山断裂带绵竹县汉旺镇台地前缘探槽开挖获得的认识．调查结果表明,北川断层沟槽包括汶川地震在内至少存在3次断层活动事件;平通断层沟槽包括汶川地震在内至少存在两次以上断层活动事件;汉旺探槽揭示了2-3次古地震事件．在上述3个地点中,北川断层沟槽和汉旺探槽在汶川地震前的一次强震时间接近,分别为大于5．8ka和小于6．63ka,接近为6ka．由此也获取了在汶川地震前龙门山活动断裂带的一次强震活动中,中央断裂带和前山断裂带同时活动的证据．     

山东半岛东北部新发现近EW向活断层

山东半岛东北部地区晚第四纪的构造活动以整体性抬升为主,内部的断裂活动相对较弱,晚更新世以来的断裂活动仅分布在局部地区,新发现的东殿后断裂是其中的1条。断裂总体走向近EW,全长约20km,地貌上表现为由3条河流上游组成的谷地。断裂错断的最新地层的热释光年龄为84～75kaBP,上覆坡积角砾层的热释光年龄为64kaBP,断裂发育的松软断层泥的热释光年龄为82kaBP。断裂的剖面特征和断盖地层的年龄表明,东殿后断裂的最新活动时代是晚更新世早中期,垂直活动速率不<016mm/a,晚更新世晚期以来停止活动;断裂的最大潜在地震为6级     

THE STUDY OF QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF BAOTOU FAULT IN HETAO ACITVE FAULT SUBSIDENCE ZONE

Existing achievements about Baotou Fault demonstrate it as a buried eastern boundary of the Baiyanhua Basin in Hetao active fault subsidence zone,striking NE.More data is needed to assess its activity.Located in the relay ramp between Wulashan Fault and Daqingshan Fault,Baotou Fault's activity is of great importance to discuss the linkage mode and the response to the earthquake of the adjacent fault.Also it is necessary to the knowledge of the characteristic of the seismic tectonic in local area.Recently it is prevalent to combine shallow seismic profile and composite drilling section to study the activity of the buried fault.Shallow seismic profile indicates that Baotou Fault is a normal fault,inclining to NW.The displacement of the Tg at 75m underground is 25m.Composite drilling section indicates that it is a growth fault,the up-break point of which is 45.6m underground and ends in brownish red clay strata of early Pleistocene.In comparison,the upper Late Pleistocene strata are out of the influences of the tectonic subsidence zone.Baotou Fault's activity is limited to the early Pleistocene.     

涉县盆地控盆构造晚第四纪活动特征

涉县断裂为太行山隆起区内涉县盆地的控盆构造,走向由NE转为近EW向,倾向NW/N,中部在井店东被EW向断裂错断,是控制涉县盆地的一组断裂。本文采用地质地貌调查、河流阶地分析和地质测年等方法,研究了涉县断裂晚第四纪活动特征。研究发现,涉县断裂带由多组断裂构成,带宽约200m,在清漳河两侧表现为山前的陡崖地貌、基岩破碎变形带,具有正断兼走滑特征,在基岩变形带上部发育走向NNE向和NWW向次级滑动面,次级滑动面错断第四系黄土,最新活动到晚更新世;断裂在盆地区通过,地表形成低缓陡坎,断裂错断Q2-3地层,表现为上陡下缓的正断层。通过对涉县断裂两侧清漳河河流阶地、夷平面和地层年龄综合分析,估算涉县断裂晚更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.06～0.08mm/a,中更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.22～0.34mm/a,垂直差异活动主要发生于中更新世期间。     

SLIP RATES OF THE RIYUE MT. FAULT AT DEZHOU SEGMENT SINCE LATE PLEISTOCENE

The Riyue Mt. Fault is a secondary fault controlled by the major regional boundary faults (East Kunlun Fault and Qilian-Haiyuan Fault). It lies in the interior of Qaidam-Qilianshan block and between the major regional boundary faults. The Riyue Mt. fault zone locates in the special tectonic setting which can provide some evidences for recent activity of outward extension of NE Tibetan plateau, so it is of significance to determine the activity of Riyue Mt. Fault since late Pleistocene to Holocene. In this paper, we have obtained some findings along the Dezhou segment of Riyue Mt. Fault by interpreting the piedmont alluvial fans, measuring fault scarps, and excavating trenches across the fault scarp. The findings are as follows:(1) Since the late Pleistocene, there are an alluvial fan f_p and three river terraces T₁-T₃ formed on the Dezhou segment. The abandonment age of f_p is approximately (21.2±0.6) ka, and that of the river terrace T₂ is (12.4±0.11) ka. (2) Since the late Pleistocene, the dextral strike-slip rate of the Riyue Mt. Fault is (2.41±0.25) mm/a. In the Holocene, the dextral strike-slip rate of the fault is (2.18±0.40) mm/a, and its vertical displacement rate is (0.24±0.16) mm/a. This result indicates that the dextral strike-slip rate of the Riyue Mt. Fault has not changed since the late Pleistocene. It is believed that, as one of the dextral strikeslip faults, sandwiched between the the regional big left-lateral strike-slip faults, the Riyue Mt. Fault didn't cut the boundary zone of the large block. What's more, the dextral strike-slip faults play an important role in the coordination of deformation between the sub-blocks during the long term growth and expansion of the northeast Tibetan plateau.     

兰聊断裂南段构造样式与最新活动性分析

兰聊断裂南段构造样式复杂,分段活动特征明显。已有学者针对兰聊断裂的研究,主要集中在范县—东明县一带,而兰聊断裂南段的构造样式与最新活动性研究匮乏。为此采用地震反射剖面与钻孔联合剖面探测方法,对兰聊断裂南段进行较系统地分析,认为兰聊断裂南段构造样式为伸展走滑断裂尾端“马尾扇”结构,其最新活动时代为中更新世中晚期,晚更新世以来未活动,中更新世最大滑动速率为0.061 mm/a,据此判断兰聊断裂南段为中更新世断裂。     

龙门山北部陕甘川交界三角构造区断裂活动特征研究

龙门山北部3条不同走向的断裂带所围限的三角地区是我国陕甘川交界地区研究地震活动的重要场所.通过对区内秦岭南缘断裂、 平武—青川断裂、 岷江断裂及虎牙断裂活动特征研究和活动时代分析认为: 秦岭南缘断裂, 包括迭部—舟曲断裂、 武都—康县—略阳断裂及茶店—勉县断裂在晚更新世曾有过活动, 在全新世活动不明显; 龙门山断裂带东北段平武—青川断裂最后一次活动发生在晚更新世, 表现为右旋走滑的逆断裂, 全新世活动不明显; 岷江断裂和虎牙断裂不但在晚更新世活动强烈, 而且在全新世继续活动; 龙门山北部这个三角地区依然是未来地震活动关注的重点地区.      

THE STUDY OF LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF HANCHENG FAULT

Based on the 1︰50000 geological and geomorphologic mapping of active fault, the structural geomorphic features and activity of Hancheng Fault are investigated in detail. In the study, we divide the fault into three sections from north to south: the section between Xiweikou and Panhe River, the section between Panhe River and Xingjiabao and the section between Xingjiabao and Yijing, the three sections show different characters of tectonic landform. The section between Xiweikou and Panhe River is a kind of typical basin-mountain landform, where diluvial fans spread widely. In the north of Yumenkou, the fault deforms the diluvial fans, forming scarps, along which the fault extends. In the south of Yumenkou, the fault extends along the rear edge of the diluvial fans. In the section between Panhe River and Xingjiabao the fault extends along the front of the loess mesa. In the section between Xingjiabao and Yijing the fault forms scarp in the loess and extends as an arc shaped zone, and the landform is formed by the accumulative deformation of the fault. The activity of the fault becomes weak gradually from northeast to southwest. The fault activity of the section between Xiweikou and Panhe River is the strongest, and the latest age of activity is Holocene. The slip rate since the mid-Holocene is bigger than 0.8mm/a at Yumenkou. The fault activity of the section between Panhe River and Xingjiabao is weaker than the north part, the fault's latest active age is identified as the later period of Late Pleistocene and the activity becomes weak gradually from northeast to southwest. At the estuary of the Jushui River the slip rate of the fault is about 0.49mm/a since late Late Pleistocene. The fault activity of the section between Xingjiabao and Yijing is the weakest. There is no evidence of paleosol S1 deformed in fault profiles, and only some phenomena of fracture and sand liquefaction in the earlier Late Pleistocene loess. The activity of the fault is in line with the fault landform feature. At macro level, the relationship between the uplifted side and the thrown side of the fault switches gradually from the Ordos uplifting region and the rifted basin to the interior blocks of the rifted basin, which maybe is the regional reason why the activity of the Hancheng Fault becomes weak from the northeast to the southwest.     

四川龙泉山断裂带变形特征及其活动性初步研究

文中通过野外调查和地震反射剖面研究,获取了龙泉山断裂带的变形特征。龙泉山断裂带主逆冲断层位于龙泉山背斜的西翼,具有明显的分段性特征,北段与南段断层面倾向NW,断续分布;中段断层面倾向SE,形成典型的断层传播褶皱,并且断层已经沿背斜前翼膝折带的轴突破,形成贯通的突破断层。因此,中段构成了龙泉山断裂的主体。地貌对断裂活动性的响应表明龙泉山断裂早更新世—晚更新世有过一定的活动,晚更新世以来活动速率较低,且活动性具有从南向北逐渐减弱的趋势     

ACTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SANWEISHAN FAULT IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING LATE PLEISTOCENE

The Sanweishan fault is located in the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau. It is a branch of the Altyn Tagh fault zone which extends to the northwest. A detailed study on Late Quaternary activity characteristics of the Sanwei Shan Fault can help understanding the strain distribution of the Altyn Tagh fault zone and regional seismic activity and northward growth of the Tibetan plateau. Previous research on this fault is insufficient and its activity is a controversial issue. Based on satellite images interpretation, field investigations and geological mapping, this study attempts to characterize this feature, especially its activity during Late Quaternary. Trench excavation and sample dating permit to address this issue, including determination of paleoseismic events along this fault. The results show that the Sanweishan fault is a large-scale active structure. It starts from the Shuangta reservoir in the east, extending southward by Shigongkouzi, Lucaogou, and Shugouzi, terminates south of Xishuigou, with a length of 175km. The fault trends in NEE, dipping SE at angles 50°~70°. It is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip with a component of thrust and local normal faulting. According to the geometry, the fault can be divided into three segments, i.e. Shuangta-Shigongkouzi, Shigongkouzi-Shugouzi and Shugouzi-Xishuigou from east to west, looking like a left-or right-step pattern. Plenty of offset fault landforms appear along the Sanweishan Fault, including ridges, left-lateral strike-slip gullies, fault scarps, and fault grooves. The trench study at the middle and eastern segments of the fault shows its activity during Late Pleistocene, evidenced by displaced strata of this epoch. Identification marks of the paleoearthquakes and sample dating reveal one paleoearthquake that occurred at(40.3±5.2)~(42.1±3.9) ka.     

THE SLIP RATE AND PALEOEARTHQUAKES OF THE YUMEN FAULT IN THE NORTHERN QILIAN MOUNTAINS SINCE THE LATE PLEISTOCENE

The Yumen Fault lies on the west segment of the north Qilian Fault belt and adjacent to the Altyn-Tagh Fault,in the north margin of the Tibet Plateau.The tectonic location of the Yumen fault is special,and the fault is the evidence of recent activity of the northward growth of Tibetan plateau.In recent twenty years,many researches show the activity of the Yumen Fault became stronger from the early Pleistocene to the Holocene.Because the Yumen Fault is a new active fault and fold belt in the Qilian orogenic belt in the north margin of the Tibet Plateau,it is important to ascertain its slip rate and the recurrence interval of paleoearthquakes since the Late Pleistocene.Using the satellite image interpretation of the Beida river terrace,the GPS measurement of alluvial fans in front of the Yumen Fault and the trench excavation on the fault scarps,two conclusions are obtained in this paper.(1) The vertical slip rate of the Yumen Fault is about 0.41~0.48mm/a in the Holocene and about 0.24~0.30mm/a in the last stage of the late Pleistocene.(2) Since the Holocene epoch,four paleoearthquakes,which happened respectively in 6.12~10.53ka,3.6~5.38ka,1.64~1.93ka and 0.63~1.64ka,ruptured the surface scarps of the Yumen Fault.Overall,the recurrence interval of the paleoseismic events shortens gradually and the activity of the Yumen Fault becomes stronger since the Holocene.Anther characteristic is that every paleoearthquake probably ruptured multiple fault scarps at the same time.