与非线性区域预测方法结合的月延伸预报试验II:对波动分量预报的改进

在文献 [1]的基础上 ,设计了将逐候纬向平均高度距平场非线性动力学区域预报和T42L9谱模式动力延伸预报结合的方案 ,即将非线性预报结果转化为模式的静力扣除谱系数 ,然后在模式积分过程中的每一步取代其相应部分 ,实施过程订正。多个例试验结果表明 ,这种途径在减少了模式纬向环流的预报误差的同时 ,还通过非线性波流相互作用 ,改善了部分波动分量的预报。另外部分个例的形势场预报也得到较明显的改善     

与非线性区域预测方法结合的月延伸预报试验Ⅱ:对波动分量预报的改进

在文献[1]的基础上,设计了将逐候纬向平均高度距平场非线性动力学区域预报和T42L9谱模式动力延伸预报结合的方案,即将非线性预报结果转化为模式的静力扣除谱系数,然后在模式积分过程中的每一步取代其相应部分,实施过程订正.多个例试验结果表明,这种途径在减少了模式纬向环流的预报误差的同时,还通过非线性波流相互作用,改善了部分波动分量的预报.另外部分个例的形势场预报也得到较明显的改善.     

与非线性区域预测方法结合的月延伸预报试验Ⅰ:纬向平均环流的预报

为克服数值模式普遍存在的纬向平均环流预报误差,文中在36a NCEP/NCAR再分析高度场资料的基础上,应用非线性时空序列预测理论的局域近似法构建了200,300,500和700hPa4个等压面上的月尺度逐候纬向平均高度距平场非线性动力学区域预报模型.对1996年12个月所做的预报试验表明,无论是南、北半球中高纬度地区还是低纬度地区,非线性模型的候纬向平均高度预报结果均优于持续性预报、气候预报和T42L9模式动力预报.用非线性结果对T42L9模式月平均高度场预报结果进行订正,则使该谱模式系统性预报误差显著减少,也大大减少了其预报高度场的均方根误差,相应地,高度场距平相关评分也有一定程度的提高,表明纬向平均高度的非线性预报比谱模式动力预报包含了更多的有用信息.     

与非线性区域预测方法结合的月延伸预报试验I:纬向平均环流的预报

为克服数值模式普遍存在的纬向平均环流预报误差 ,文中在 3 6aNCEP/NCAR再分析高度场资料的基础上 ,应用非线性时空序列预测理论的局域近似法构建了 2 0 0 ,3 0 0 ,50 0和 70 0hPa 4个等压面上的月尺度逐候纬向平均高度距平场非线性动力学区域预报模型。对 1996年 12个月所做的预报试验表明 ,无论是南、北半球中高纬度地区还是低纬度地区 ,非线性模型的候纬向平均高度预报结果均优于持续性预报、气候预报和T 42L9模式动力预报。用非线性结果对T42L9模式月平均高度场预报结果进行订正 ,则使该谱模式系统性预报误差显著减少 ,也大大减少了其预报高度场的均方根误差 ,相应地 ,高度场距平相关评分也有一定程度的提高 ,表明纬向平均高度的非线性预报比谱模式动力预报包含了更多的有用信息     

T63模式月动力延伸预报高度场的改进实验

为克服T63模式月动力延伸预报中纬向平均环流的系统性误差较大的情形,文章利用NCEP/NCAR逐候再分析500 hPa高度场资料和非线性时空序列预测理论的局域近似法进行逐候纬向平均高度距平场预报.近30组个例的预报效果分析表明,就1～3旬总体而言,非线性时空序列预测方法对纬向平均高度距平场的预报优于持续性预报和模式动力延伸预报,体现了改善纬向平均高度场的能力.尤其是第3旬的预报,当持续性预报偏差与实况偏差明显增大、动力预报技巧相对于第1旬和第2旬降低时,相空间重构结果仍然保持一定的优势.     

气象学报第62卷2004年总目次

第 1期论　文　与非线性区域预测方法结合的月延伸预报试验I :纬向平均环流的预报　　　……………………………陈伯民　纪立人　杨培才等　 (1)………………………………………………………………………与非线性区域预测方法结合的月延伸预报试验II :对波动分量预报的改进     

一个改进的T42L10谱模式及其在月预报中的应用

将一个改进的 T42L10月长期数值预报谱模式,与(国家气象中心引进的)原 T42L9谱模式进行了比较.该模式改进和提高了在σ面上模式初值的精度;在辐射计算中,用模式的预报水汽场和模式诊断云代替原模式(T42L9)中的气候纬向平均水汽场和云,并考虑了由于大地形作用对云的影响;采用了七层谱模式中对低纬的改进预报方法(如对水平扩散过程),以改进T42L10在低纬的月预报结果;考虑了海温及下垫面状态在月预报中随预报时效的变化.用改进的 T42L10谱模式对1992年4月、6月、7月、9月作月长期数值预报试验.试验表明,500hPa 高度月预报平均的 R 值(倾向相关系数)在中高纬和低纬地区分别为0.76和0.64;模式预报的均方根误差月平均比对应的持续性误差小.     

动力延伸(月)数值天气预报中的信息提取和减小误差试验

用一个全球谱模式通过较多个例的月数值天气预报试验,研究了预报结果的有用信息提取问题.模式预报误差的谱分析表明,纬向平均(零波)场误差占很大比例,试验了两种用气候倾向改善纬向平均(零波)场误差的方案,一是对逐日预报结果进行订正,二是在积分过程中进行订正,两种方案都取得了一定成效.     

提高月预报业务水平的动力相似集合方法

针对基于大气环流模式的月预报问题,提出了一种能有效减小预报误差并提高预报技巧的动力相似集合预报新方法。该方法着眼于动力模式与统计经验的内在结合,在模式积分过程中通过提取大气环流历史相似性信息,对模式误差进行参数化处理,形成多个时变的相似强迫量来扰动生成预报的集合成员。将这一集合新方法应用到中国国家气候中心业务大气环流模式(BCC AGCM1.0),一组10 a准业务环境下回报试验结果显示,相比于业务集合预报,动力相似集合预报方法能有效改进模式对于大气环流的纬向平均、超长波和长波预报,从而有效提高了月平均环流预报技巧(几乎达到业务可用标准)和逐日环流预报技巧,并显著降低了预报误差,合理增加集合离散度,使二者配置关系得以改善,有望在业务预报中应用。     

DERF2.0模式11-40天逐日环流预报效果评估

利用1983-2013年DERF2.0模式预报资料和ECMWFERA-Interim逐日再分析资料,评估了DERF2.0模式未来11-40d环流预报效果,结果表明:200hPa高度场预报平均效果最好,预报与实况的距平相关系数(ACC)通过显著性检验达到17d,500hPa高度场为13d,200hPa纬向风场仅11d,200hPa经向风场和850hPa纬向风场预报效果最差,预报与实况的ACC均未通过显著性检验。热带地区200hPa和500hPa高度场预报效果最好,11-40d预报与实况的ACC均通过了显著性检验。     

Monthly Extended Predicting Experiments with Nonlinear Regional Prediction. Part I: Prediction of Zonal Mean Flow

Systematic errors have recently been founded to be distinct in the zonal mean component forecasts,which account for a large portion of the total monthly-mean forecast errors. To overcome the difficulty of numerical model, the monthly pentad-mean nonlinear dynamic regional prediction models of the zonal mean geopotential height at 200, 300, 500, and 700 hPa based on a large number of historical data (NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data) were constituted by employing the local approximation of the phase space reconstruction theory and nonlinear spatio-temporal series prediction method. The 12-month forecast experiments of 1996 indicated that the results of the nonlinear model are better than those of the persistent, climatic prediction,and T42L9 model either over the high- and mid-latitude areas of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres or the tropical area. The root-mean-square of the monthly-mean height of T42L9 model was considerably decreased with a change of 30.4%, 26.6%, 82.6%, and 39.4%, respectively, over the high- and mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, over the high- and mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, over the tropics and over the globe, and also the corresponding anomaly correlation coe cients over the four areas were respectively increased by 0.306-0.312, 0.304-0.429, 0.739-0.746, and 0.360-0.400 (averagely a relative change of 11.0% over the globe) by nonlinear correction after integration, implying that the forecasts given by nonlinear model include more useful information than those of T42L9 model.     

Monthly Extended Predicting Experiments with Nonlinear Regional Prediction.PartⅠ:Prediction of Zonal Mean Flow

Systematic errors have recently been founded to be distinct in the zonal mean component forecasts, which account for a large portion of the total monthly-mean forecast errors. To overcome the difficulty of numerical model, the monthly pentad-riean nonlinear dynamic regional prediction models of the zonal mean geopotential height at 200, 300, 500, and 700 hPa based on a large number of historical data (NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data) were constituted by employing the local approximation of the phase space reconstruction theory and nonlinear spatio-temporal series prediction method. The 12-month forecast experiments of 1996 indicated that the results of the nonlinear model are better than those of the persistent, climatic prediction, and T42L9 model either over the high- and mid-latitude areas of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres or the tropical area. The root-mean-square of the monthly-mean height of T42L9 model was considerably decreased with a change of 30.4%, 26.6%, 82.6%, and 39.4%, respectively, over the high- and mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, over the high- and mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, over the tropics and over the globe, and also the corresponding anomaly correlation coefficients over the four areas were respectively increased by 0.306-0.312, 0.304-0.429, 0.739-0.746, and 0.360-0.400 (averagely a relative change of 11.0% over the globe) by nonlinear correction after integration, implying that the forecasts given by nonlinear model include more useful information than those of T42L9 model.     

Monthly Extended Predicting Experiments with Nonlinear Regional Prediction. Part II: Improvement of Wave Component Prediction

Based on Chen et al. (2006), the scheme of the combination of the pentad-mean zonal height departure nonlinear prediction with the T42L9 model prediction was designed, in which the pentad zonal heights at all the 12-initial-value-input isobar levels from 50 hPa to 1000 hPa except 200, 300, 500, and 700 hPa were derived from nonlinear forecasts of the four levels by means of a good correlation between neighboring levels.Then the above pentad zonal heights at 12 isobar-levels were transformed to the spectrum coefficients of the temperature at each integration step of T42L9 model. At last,the nudging was made. On account of a variety of error accumulation, the pentad zonal components of the monthly height at isobar levels output by T42L9 model were replaced by the corresponding nonlinear results once more when integration was over. Multiple case experiments showed that such combination of two kinds of prediction made an improvement in the wave component as a result of wave-flow nonlinear interaction while reducing the systematical forecast errors. Namely the monthly-mean height anomaly correlation coe cients over the high- and mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, over the Southern Hemisphere and over the globe increased respectively from 0.249 to 0.347, from 0.286 to 0.387, and from 0.343 to 0.414 (relative changes of 31.5%, 41.0%, and 18.3%).The monthly-mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) of T42L9 model over the three areas was considerably decreased, the relative change over the globe reached 44.2%. The monthly-mean anomaly correlation coefficients of wave 4-9 over the areas were up to 0.392, 0.200, and 0.295, with the relative change of 53.8%, 94.1%,and 61.2%, and correspondingly their RMSEs were decreased respectively with the rate of 8.5%, 6.3%, and 8.1%. At the same time the monthly-mean pattern of parts of cases were presented better.     

Monthly Extended Predicting Experiments with Nonlinear Regional Prediction.PartⅡ:Improvement of Wave Component Prediction

Based on Chen et al. (2006), the scheme of the combination of the pentad-mean zonal height departure nonlinear prediction with the T42L9 model prediction was designed, in which the pentad zonal heights at all the 12-initial-value-input isobar levels from 50 hPa to 1000 hPa except 200, 300, 500, and 700 hPa were derived from nonlinear forecasts of the four levels by means of a good correlation between neighboring levels. Then the above pentad zonal heights at 12 isobar-levels were transformed to the spectrum coefficients of the temperature at each integration step of T42L9 model. At last, the nudging was made. On account of a variety of error accumulation, the pentad zonal components of the monthly height at isobar levels output by T42L9 model were replaced by the corresponding nonlinear results once more when integration was over. Multiple case experiments showed that such combination of two kinds of prediction made an improvement in the wave component as a result of wave-flow nonlinear interaction while reducing the systematical forecast errors. Namely the monthly-mean height anomaly correlation coefficients over the high- and mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, over the Southern Hemisphere and over the globe increased respectively from 0.249 to 0.347, from 0.286 to 0.387, and from 0.343 to 0.414 (relative changes of 31.5%, 41.0%, and 18.3%). The monthly-mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) of T42L9 model over the three areas was considerably decreased, the relative change over the globe reached 44.2%. The monthly-mean anomaly correlation coefficients of wave 4-9 over the areas were up to 0.392, 0.200, and 0.295, with the relative change of 53.8%, 94.1%, and 61.2%, and correspondingly their RMSEs were decreased respectively with the rate of 8.5%, 6.3%, and 8.1%. At the same time the monthly-mean pattern of parts of cases were presented better.