揭阳市汛期极端降水事件的变化特征

利用揭阳市1991—2020年国家基本站汛期逐日降水量资料，运用线性倾向估计、相关系数检验、累计距平法、小波分析等方法研究揭阳市汛期极端降水事件的变化特征。结果表明：揭阳市前汛期(4—6月)出现极端降水事件较后汛期(7—9月)略偏多，但后汛期的极端降水强度明显更强。前汛期极端降水日数和降水量呈上升趋势，降水强度呈下降趋势；后汛期极端降水日数、降水量以及降水强度均呈下降趋势。前汛期极端降水强度存在准15年、6～7年、准8年的周期变化，其中准15年周期震荡最强，为第1主周期；后汛期存在准9和准17年两类尺度的周期变化，二者在整个时段表现稳定，具有全域性，其中准9年为第1主周期。     

安康市近45年汛期降水变化特征分析

利用安康市1969—2013年汛期(5—10月)日降水量资料,分析安康汛期降水的变化特征。结果表明:安康市汛期降水量年际变化整体呈增多趋势,线性倾向率为7.47 mm/10a,但各区县不完全一致;汛期各月降水量,5、7、8月为增多趋势,6、9、10月为减少趋势。通过Morlet小波分析,发现安康市汛期降水量1975—1985年表现为准4a的周期变化,1996—2008年表现为2~3a周期变化且显著性较高,除旬阳县外各区县在20世纪90年代中后期以后年际变化较为剧烈。安康市汛期暴雨整体呈南多北少分布,紫阳县为安康市的降水中心和暴雨中心,安康市除岚皋县外其他区县的暴雨呈增加趋势。     

1957—2007年雅鲁藏布江中游河谷降水变化的小波分析

通过对近51 a雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区4个气象站逐日降水资料进行等权平均取值,采用气候倾向率和小波分析法,研究了不同时间尺度下近51 a降水变化趋势及周期特征。结果表明:研究区降水量以20世纪80年代为最少,2000年后年降水量与20世纪90年代和60年代基本持平。夏季和秋季降水量年代际变化与年降水量的变化基本一致。近51 a降水量增加趋势不显著。年降水量存在准3 a、8—11 a和30 a的周期,以准11 a周期最为突出。降水量变化以春季增长趋势最显著,可在干旱季补充土壤水分,减轻风沙化土地的发生发展。秋季和冬季增长趋势不明显,夏季降水量呈减小趋势。就季节降水变化的时间尺度和周期性而言,2007年后四季降水表现为,春季在20—30 a时间尺度上将处于偏高期,夏季在8—12 a时间尺度上将处于偏低期,秋季在8—12 a时间尺度上将处于偏低期,冬季在20—30 a时间尺度上将出现向降水偏高的过渡期。     

三穗县近46a极端气候特征研究

该文利用三穗1961—2006年的逐日平均气温和日降水量资料通过阈值求取,并采用线性趋势分析、相关分析、小波分析[6]等方法来分析三穗极端事件发生频数的总体特征,得出如下结论:夏季温度和降水的阈值比较高,对应温度高、降水多;冬季阈值低,气候干燥,温度低、降水量相对较少;通过趋势分析,95百分位极端降水日数、暴雨日数都呈增加趋势,汛期降水极端事件则呈减少趋势,但它们的变化趋势都不明显,通过相关分析发现,极端降水日数与年降水日数相关性较好,极端降水日数可以间接反映年降水日数的多少;通过小波分析得出极端降水日数周期为9 a左右,汛期降水日数的周期在11 a左右;暴雨日数在1970年以前存在准2 a的周期,在1970年以后存在4~5 a的准周期。     

近58年柳州市汛期降水特征分析

利用柳州市1951～2008年的月降水量资料,采用线性倾向估计和小波分析方法,分析了近58a柳州市汛期（4～9月）降水的变化特征。结果表明：近58a来柳州市汛期降水主要呈波动性变化,线性趋势变化不明显,但前汛期降水总体呈上升趋势,降水量约增加87mm;后汛期降水量总体呈下降趋势,约减少了89mm。因此,前汛期有变涝趋势,后汛期有变旱趋势。近58年柳州市汛期降水年代际变化的主要周期为20～25a,20世纪80年代以后,汛期降水存在周期10-15a的年代际变化。20世纪80年代以前,柳州市汛期降水主要的年际变化周期2～4a,以后的年际变化周期是4～8a。     

海南热带气旋降水的气候特征

整理出海南1962-2004年的热带气旋的降水资料,我们分析了海南省热带气旋降在海南省总降水中的地位及其变化特征,结果表明:海南热带气旋降水平均占年总降水量30%,但呈每10 a 3%的显著线性下降趋势;海南热带气旋降水与年总降水相关显著,年总降水显著偏少的年份,热带气旋降水偏少;热带气旋降水显著偏多的年份,年总降水量偏多;海南热带气旋降水变化的空间特征表现为明显的一致型,时间特征表现明显的周期性:高频的年际变化周期70年代前期以前为3 a周期为主,80年代中期以后以2 a的周期为主;低频的年际变化周期80年代以前以8—9 a为主,80年代以后以准6 a为主;年代际变化则以准17 a的周期为主。     

丽水汛期降水多时间尺度演变特征

根据1953—2008年丽水汛期逐月降水量资料,在利用趋势分析和Morlet连续小波变化对汛期降水时频变化特征进行分析的基础上,利用功率谱及Mann-Kendall检验等方法对丽水汛期降水的周期性特征及突变性进行检验。结果表明:20世纪90年代前,汛期旱涝交替周期为16～20a,90年代后,交替周期缩短为4～6a。近56a来,丽水汛期总降水量呈下降趋势,5月和9月降水量减少较显著,但夏季降水量则有所增加,其中以8月最为明显;丽水汛期降水量存在不同尺度的周期分量,并且各周期强度有所不同,其中5a和18a的周期振荡通过功率谱检验。Mann-Kendall检验显示丽水汛期降水在20世纪80年代减少最为显著,1962年是降水减少的突变点。     

青岛汛期及全年降水量分析预报

本文利用青岛观象台1898—1983年共86年的实测降水资料,计算年度和汛期(6—9月)降水量五年滑动平均值,得出年度降水序列和汛期降水序列。再用谐波分析方法,逐次寻找出年度和汛期降水量变化的主要周期,分析历史上各旱涝时段及成因,并分别建立两个序列的曲线自回归方程,其拟合精度尚好。进而制作未来一个时段的外延趋势预报。     

佛山市南海区汛期降水特征的分析

利用佛山市南海区1961—2010年逐月降水量资料,采用趋势性分析、Morlet小波分析和Mann-Kendall法进行气候变化趋势和突变分析。结果表明:近50年南海区汛期(前、后汛期)降水总量呈上升趋势。20世纪90年代到2005年后汛期降水增加明显,而总汛期降水量在20世纪90年代以来偏多。20世纪80年代到90年代初期汛期降水量下降最为明显。汛期(前、后汛期)降水量偏少集中在20世纪80年代中期到90年代前期,而总汛期和后汛期在20世纪60年代前期和20世纪90年代中期到2005年降水偏多。汛期存在准2、准4和7~8年尺度的周期;前汛期存在3~4、准2和准4年时间尺度的周期振荡;后汛期存在3~4、准2和7~8年周期。突变检测确定1992年为汛期和后汛期降水量的突变年份。     

汤阴县降水概率模型

利用汤阴县1964-2008年45 a降水资料,探讨汛期降水量和年降水量的变化趋势,并计算出各个时段的概率分布模型.结果表明:汤阴县年平均降水量呈增长趋势,约呈22 a的周期振荡,上世纪70年代以来汛期降水量与年降水量波动显著;汛期降水量和年降水量均服从正态分布.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.