1966年邢台6.8级地震的深总结背景

根据“八五”期间邢台地震区深部地震物理方法的综合探测研究成果，依据Ｐ波、Ｓ波联合解释和二维密度反演，并结合浅部构造和三维应力场数值模拟计算等资料，进行综合分析研究。以１９６６年邢台６．８级地震为例，揭示了邢台地震区的孕震发震过程，邢台地震区的学位可结构和介质结构；（１）中、下地壳内分布有北东向高角度深断裂、深断裂两则出现明显的波速比异常。（２）中地壳有低速高层和密度不均匀异常。（３）上地壳底部有滑     

小地震精定位与层析成像揭示的邢台地震区深部构造特征

1966年河北邢台M_S7.2地震发生后小地震持续不断,为开展该地区的深部构造研究提供了便利条件。文中基于河北省地震台网1991—2021年间的观测数据,采用双差定位法获得了邢台及其邻区9 644次地震的精定位结果,清晰地刻画出深部断裂的空间形态;结合华北流动地震台阵2006—2008年的观测数据,采用38 578个P波到时数据,获得了研究区高分辨率走时层析成像结果。研究表明：研究区的地壳速度结构存在较强的横向不均匀性,新河断裂与元氏断裂之间的上地壳存在明显的低速异常,中下地壳存在高速异常,邢台地震位于高、低速异常体交界处,该位置具备积累大量应变能的介质条件,易发生破裂,释放应力;邢台震区小地震密集带与高、低速异常体东边界的总体展布趋势比较一致,推测沿高、低速体东边界展布的深、浅部断裂已上下贯通,速度异常体的边界位置同样也是速度变化相对强烈的部位,易发生地震破裂;综合多种地震、地质调查成果,揭示出邢台震区下方存在一条贯通整个地壳的深大断裂,倾向SE,上断点位于东汪附近,邢台地震促使深浅部的先存断裂上下贯通。     

大同 阳高震区及其邻区壳幔速度结构与深部构造

利用通过本区６条宽角反射／折射剖面资料对大同 阳高震区及邻区地壳上地幔速度结构与构造进行了详细的研究。结果表明,地壳上地幔速度结构与构造在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均一性。浅部基底断裂发育,而在其深部,根据波组特征、壳内界面及速度等值线起伏变化和低速异常体的边界等推测有３处地壳深断裂带。本区最明显的上地壳低速体位于大同—阳原附近,其南界存在地壳深断裂,大同 阳高地震群与该低速异常体和深断裂有关     

大同阳高震区及其邻区壳幔速度结构与深部构造

利用通过本区６条宽角反射／折射剖面资料对大同阳高震区及邻区地壳上地幔速度结构与构造进行了详细的研究。结果表明,地壳上地幔速度结构与构造在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均一性。浅部基底断裂发育,而在其深部,根据波组特征、壳内界面及速度等值线起伏变化和低速异常体的边界等推测有３处地壳深断裂带。本区最明显的上地壳低速体位于大同—阳原附近,其南界存在地壳深断裂,大同阳高地震群与该低速异常体和深断裂有关。     

延庆-怀来盆地大震危险性分析研究di

根据延庆-怀来盆地深部探测研究结果，结合浅部活动构造、古地震事件、地震活动性和地壳应力场分布以及其它相关资料进行了综合分析研究．同时与邢台等地震区的深部结构进行对比研究，认为延庆-怀来盆地及其周边地区具有发生中强地震的深部构造背景，不排除有发生7级地震的可能性．      

邢台地震区浅部构造特征及其与深部构造的耦合关系

根据邢台7-2 级和6-8 级地震震中区的浅层和超浅层地震勘探结果,查明了震中区浅部铲形断裂的性质及活动年代,认为新河断裂(F1) 自晚更新世以来已不再活动,它不是发震断裂。另外,结合该区深地震反射剖面和深地震测深剖面结果,讨论了震中区的深浅部构造形态及它们的相互关系,从而确定了发震断裂应为震源之下的高倾角超壳断裂①。邢台地震的发生是由于地幔岩浆的上侵作用产生附加应力场,并与区域构造应力场共同作用使该断裂重新活动,引发了邢台地震,并引起浅部断层及地表物质的运动     

大同—阳高震区深部构造背景

利用通过本区的宽角反射／折射剖面资料对大同－阳高震区及邻区地壳上地幔速度结构与构造进行了详细的研究,结果表明,地壳上地幔速度结构与构造在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均一性,浅部基底断裂发育,对应其深部,根据波组特征,壳内界面及速度等值线起伏变化和低速异常体的边界等推测了地壳深断裂带,区内最明显的上地壳低速体位于大同－阳原附近,其南界存在地壳断裂,大同－阳高地震群与该低速异常体和深断裂有关。     

20世纪90年代我国对地壳上地幔结构的人工地震探测研究

介绍了20世纪90年代我国人工地震探测在研究大震区和潜在震源区深部细结构，发震构造的深部特征、介质物性，地壳和上地幔结构与地球动力学过程，火山深部结构，油气生成的深部构造环境等方面取得的成果，以及人工地震资料解释中P波和S波的联合应用，浅层地震反射法在地壳浅层细结构、深浅构造关系研究方面取得的进展。     

邢台震源区及相邻地区地壳上地幔速度结构研究

通过邢台震源区的两条相互垂直的折射剖面所揭示的壳幔速度结构和深部构造显示出的异常变化，Pg波在震区表现出随距离的强烈衰减；隆尧至太行山山前地带观测到21.0 km深度上的一组强反射，而通常以强振幅出现的Pm波在该段不明显．震区的下方及其西侧，地壳呈高低速相间的结构特征；上地幔顶部的速度由华北平原向山西高原递减．地壳厚度由华北平原向山西高原加厚了11 km．莫霍面在震区局部隆起．震区的超壳断裂和莫霍面不连续地段可能是岩浆入侵的通道和区域．上地幔的隆起和岩浆的侵入是形成震区异常壳幔结构和产生扩张盆地及发生邢台地震的主要原因．      

三河-平谷8.0级地震区地壳结构和活动断裂研究——利用单次覆盖深反射和浅层地震剖面

跨1679年三河-平谷8.0级地震区完成的单次覆盖深地震反射剖面和浅层地震反射剖面,揭示了三河-平谷地震区的地壳结构和断裂的深、浅构造特征.结果表明,该区地壳以TWT6～7 s左右的强反射带为界分为上地壳和下地壳,上地壳厚约18～21 km,下地壳厚约13～15 km.剖面揭示的地壳深断裂和浅部活动断裂具有上下一致的对...     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.