Uranium in Saline Lakes of Mongolia and Adjacent Areas

正1 Introduction Increasing demand for uranium raw materials for the nuclear industry has stimulated interest in non-traditional sources,including hydromineral ones[Qin,2009].Those are saline lakes located in the uranium ore districts.Accumulation of uranium in such lakes results from the leaching of uranium from the rocks by surface and ground     

论中国盐湖

中国是一个多盐湖的国家，并有悠久的盐湖开发历史。第四纪盐湖主要分布于我国西部和东北部。笔者将中国盐湖划分为4个盐湖区和13个盐湖亚区。已知的4种盐湖水化学类型在中国均已找到。这些盐湖水化学类型以柴达木－塔里木东部干旱（极干旱）地区为中心，向外围发生有规律的变化。自第四纪以来，中国盐湖带反映出有6次以上干旱扩张期，该发现对于阐明中国乃于东亚第四纪古气候环境演变有着重要意义。     

西秦岭铀矿床铀迁移形式的热力学研究

利用热力学方法计算了西秦岭铀矿床含矿热液中铀的迁移形式。结果表明，从含矿热液早阶段到主成矿作用发生之前，热液中的铀主要以「ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）＾０」形式迁移；在晚阶段残余热液中，铀的迁移形式改变为「ＵＯ２（ＳＯ４）＾０」为主。铀迁移形式改变的原因与大气降水中ＳＯ＾２－４离子的大量带入有关，表明含矿热液来自深部而非大气降水。     

Taxonomic and Ecological Characterization of Cyanobacteria from Some Brackish and Saline Lakes of Southern Transbaikal Region

正Brackish and saline lakes are common in the arid zones of the Earth.They are unique ecosystems with extremely high p H values and high mineralization levels(up to saturating concentrations).These lakes are inhabited by     

Chemical Composition of Some Saline Lakes in the Tuva Region(Russia)

正1 Introduction Salt lakes are very interesting natural objects which can be found in different places in the world.Russia is not an exception.Climate conditions are various in Russia,but the climate is not very hot.In Russia there are a lot of places where salt lakes are spread.One of them is the Tuva region where lakes with different compositions are     

南极大陆冰缘环境变迁与滨海盐湖生态特征(英)

Ecological investigation has been done in some saline lakes in the Vestfold Hills (60°38'S, 78°06' E), East Antarctica. The results show that changes of natural environment and physicalchemical factors, as well as the structure of biotic species and succession do occur in some lakes, due to seasonal and local climate changes and geographic variances in regions. These should be strong ecological proofs to explain that the processes of globle climate change and ice sheet retreating, and isostatic uplift raising, could be continueing in present time, and should be significant to the study on Antarctic and global changes.     

我国西北地区盐湖中234U/238U比值与铀关系研究——以内蒙古地区碳酸盐型盐湖为例

内蒙古二连盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地典型含铀碳酸型盐湖水、岩两相2344U/23898U综合分析表明,该类盐湖铀来源于降水和潜水对盐湖盆地周围中生代以来富铀沉积物的溶滤、浸出,具有快速、近源物质来源特点.盐湖卤水和对应沉积物234 U/238U比值一般为0.8～1.2,盐湖卤水和潜卤水(晶间卤水)岩两相中的铀处于沉积平衡状态.含铀盐湖水、沉积物的234 U/238U比值随其铀含量增大而减小,并趋近于1,富铀盐湖水及沉积物234U/238U比值介于0.9～1.5之间.室内盐湖水蒸发模拟实验发现,残余卤水、沉积物234U/238U、铀总量具有随蒸发程度增大逐渐减小的变化特征.铀主要以碳酸铀酰络合物和吸附形式赋存在富含有机物和碎屑成分的含盐粘土沉积中.卤水和沉积物234 U/238U比值是盐湖铀源及铀含量水平的有效指示标志之一.     

Microbial Succession in Response to Salinity in the Sediments of Lakes on the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

正Salinity is an important factor controlling the microbial distribution in lakes.However little is known about how microbial communities evolve in response to salinity variation.In this study,we investigated the microbial     

The Main Factors of Uranium Accumulation in the Ishim Plain Saline Lakes (Western Siberia)

Hydrochemical analysis of the high-salinity lakes in the Ishim Plain (>250–300 g/L) located at the border with the Northern Kazakhstan uranium ore province is performed. The studies have shown that the main factor of concentration and redistribution of uranium in the lake basins of the Ishim Plain are the processes of intense salt deflation causing sanding of lakes and uranium depletion in the near-surface layer of the bottom deposits. The correlation between the hydroxide forms of uranium binding in the bottom lacustrine deposits of the Ishim Plain and the coffinite composition of the Semizbai deposit makes it possible to consider this province to be promising for the discovery of hydromineral uranium deposits.

     

西藏阿里地区盐湖浮游生物生态调查

2006年8~10月对西藏阿里地区21个湖泊的浮游生物作了初步调查,采得44个浮游生物样品和22个水化学样品。经鉴定分析得浮游植物105种(变种),分属5门49属,其中硅藻门19属63种(变种),占总种数的60%;浮游动物14种,分属3门11属,其中亚洲后镖水蚤(Metadiaptomus asiaticus Uljanirs)为西藏首次记录。有螺旋藻、盐藻、西藏拟溞、卤虫等经济种分布的湖泊数分别为8、3、5、12个。浮游生物物种多度随盐度升高而降低,统计分析表明,在0.31~300.71g/L盐度范围内,浮游生物物种多度与盐度存在不显著负相关关系(r2=-0.05,p>0.05)。文章讨论了西藏拟溞与桡足类之间存在的季节性种群更替现象,以及硅藻在这一现象中可能存在的重要作用。最后对盐湖生物资源特别是西藏拟溞的开发利用提出了设想。     

Resting Stages of Crustaceans in the Crimean Hypersaline Lakes(Ukraine) and Their Ecological Role

正1 Introduction A presence of resting stages in various aquatic organisms is a long-known phenomenon as a mechanism of species adaptation to exist in unstable aquatic habitats,surviving adverse conditions in the"sleeping"state(Radzikowski,2013).Bank of resting stages of planktonic organisms is an important component of the plankton community,without which we cannot understand community dynamics(Brendonck and De Meester,2003).     

302铀矿床绿泥石特征及其与铀成矿的关系

通过对302铀矿床的蚀变矿物绿泥石进行电子探针成分分析和矿物学研究,提出该矿床的绿泥石分属4种成因类型,具有4种产出形态;探讨了绿泥石的形成环境和温度,并以此对铀成矿环境进行推断。302铀矿床的成矿过程可表述为矿前期在相对较高温度的热液流体作用下,黑云母发生绿泥石化蚀变,随后热液继续交代长石,形成长石蚀变型、裂隙充填型绿泥石,进而在成矿期热液温度相对较低的条件下形成浸染型绿泥石。     

衡阳盆地砂岩型铀矿地质特征与成矿模式——以汪家冲铀矿床为例

衡阳盆地砂岩型铀矿赋存于白垩系上统至古近系古新统浅色层内。下白垩统神皇山组及东井组为棕红色碎屑沉积,与上白垩统及古近系高岭组构成1个大的沉积旋回,而产铀的戴家坪组、车江组、枣市组、茶山坳组以岩层的颜色、粒度变化构成多个沉积韵律。文章通过对该盆地中的砂岩型铀矿床的产出地质背景、矿床地质特征进行研究,探讨矿床的成因、成矿模式及找矿模型,期望为深入的找矿工作提供依据。     

巴丹吉林盆地沙枣泉铀矿床成矿特征与成矿模式

巴丹吉林盆地是我国砂岩型铀矿产地之一。笔者通过沙枣泉地区地质调查、钻探查证和地球化学分析等,对该区铀成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征进行研究,重点探讨了沙枣泉铀矿床成因和成矿模式。依据沙枣泉地区的构造及盆地演化、铀矿化特征、控矿因素和成矿年龄等,认为区内铀成矿具有两阶段特征:即同生预富集矿化阶段和后生氧化改造富集成矿阶段;铀矿体主要赋存在早白垩世晚期的构造-沉积转化面,产于盆地形成后由于构造运动所产生的向斜凹陷部位。     

青海昆仑山口-两湖地区金矿成矿模式

昆仑山口-两湖地区成矿条件优越,是青海省金矿的生产地。笔者通过对大场金矿的地质背景、矿体特征、成矿时代、成矿期次、成因类型和控矿因素等多方面进行总结和研究,认为昆仑山口一两湖地区金锑矿床主要产于早-中三叠世昌马河组砂板岩中、受控于甘德-玛多断裂带,指出Au、As、Sb元素在动荡环境中极易活化富集成矿,且在多组断裂交汇处最易富集,进而总结该区金锑矿的成矿规律、分析成矿时空演化过程、建立成矿模式,为今后找矿提供指示意义。     

Thermodynamic model of formation of carbonates and uranium mineral phases in lakes Namshi-Nur and Tsagan-Tyrm (Cisbaikalia)

The Tazheran lakes are located compactly in the small Tazheran steppe area. Their bottom sediments are predominantly various calcite-dolomite carbonates, and their waters are rich in uranium. The studies have shown that the main process in these lakes is chemogenic carbonate precipitation with the participation of carbon dioxide formed through the bacterial destruction of organic matter. For thermodynamic modeling of the composition of bottom sediments, we chose two lakes with different basic parameters. Calculations were made for the 15-component heterogeneous system H₂O-Na-Ca-Mg-K-Sr-Ba-Si-Al-Cl-C-S-Fe-U-Mn including particles in the solution, minerals, and gases at 25 °C and 1 bar. As starting information, we used the obtained analytical data on the natural composition of waters and bottom sediments. The results show that calcite-dolomite carbonates are predominant in the bottom sediments and the destruction of organic matter results in reducing conditions. This confirms the hypothesis of the formation of mineral phases of U(IV) during diagenetic processes in the bottom sediments of the studied lakes.     

某花岗伟晶岩型铀矿床的成矿模式

本文通过对光石沟花岗伟晶岩型铀矿床的含矿岩成因，铀的来源和迁移沉淀机理的讨论，建立了铀成矿模式。     

下庄铀矿田成矿模式

笔者对下庄铀矿田不同类型矿床的成矿期次、流体包裹体温度及成分特征等进行了对比研究,结果表明该矿田不同类型的铀矿床具有相同的物质来源,铀成矿作用经历了3个阶段。第1阶段成矿年龄为138 Ma,矿化主要受东西向构造控制,为中高温碱性热液成矿;第2阶段成矿年龄为96.4~81 Ma,矿化主要受北东向构造控制,为中低温酸性热液成矿;第3阶段成矿年龄为61 Ma,表现为后期改造作用成矿。结合区域构造、岩浆演化历史,建立了下庄铀矿田的构造控矿三维成矿模式,认为铀矿床具有多阶段叠加成矿的特点,早期构造在晚期应力作用下派生的张裂部位是找矿的有利部位。希望铀矿床存在东西向基性岩脉充填构造,其深部具有寻找东西向矿体的潜力。     

辽东铀成矿带黄沟铀矿床地质特征及成因探讨

连山关地区位于华北陆块铀成矿省辽东铀成矿带。笔者近几年在连山关地区开展铀矿普查找矿工作,通过黄沟铀矿床野外工作和室内研究,对其赋矿围岩的岩石学特征、地球化学特征、蚀变特征进行了细致研究。结果表明:赋矿围岩重熔混合岩有4种类型,主要特点是石英含量高,绿泥石含量变化大,石英与绿泥石的含量呈负相关;地球化学特征表明其主量元素具富Si、略富Al、富Na、富K和低Mg、低Ca特点;微量元素表现出富集Be、Mo、Pb、Y、Ba、La、Cu和亏损Co、Ni、Zn、Cr、Ti、V等特点;与铀关系密切的共生元素有Pb、Mo、V、Be;稀土元素具有明显的轻稀土元素富集和重稀土元素相对亏损等特征,具有较显著的Eu负异常;蚀变特征研究表明胶状黄铁矿化、绿泥石化、硅化与铀矿化关系密切。最后探讨了铀矿成因,并首次提出了重熔混合岩热液型铀矿。     

Uranium(6+) sorption on montmorillonite: Experimental and surface complexation modeling study

Sorption interactions with montmorillonite and other clay minerals in soils, sediments, and rocks are potentially important mechanisms for attenuating the mobility of U(6+) and other radionuclides through the subsurface environment. Batch experiments were conducted (in equilibrium with atmospheric % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D% aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaiiYdd9qrFfea0dXdf9vqai-hEir8Ve% ea0de9qq-hbrpepeea0db9q8as0-LqLs-Jirpepeea0-as0Fb9pgea% 0lrP0xe9Fve9Fve9qapdbaqaaeGacaGaaiaabeqaamaabaabcaGcba% acbiGaiWiG-bfadaWgaaWcbaacbaGaa43qaiaa+9eadaWgaaqaaiaa% +jdaaWqabaaaleqaaaaa!400D!\[P_{CO_2 } \])to determine the effects of varying pH (2 to 9), solid-mass to solution-volume ratio (M/V = 0.028 to 3.2 g/L), and solution concentration (2 × 10^–7 and 2 × 10^–6 M ²³³U) on U(6+) sorption on SAz-1 montmorillonite. The study focused on U(6+) surface complexation on hydroxylated edge sites as the sorption mechanism of interest because it is expected to be the predominant sorption mechanism at pHs typical of natural waters (pH 6 to 9). Thus, the experiments were conducted with a 0.1 M NaNO₃ matrix to suppress ion-exchange between U(6+) in solution and interlayer cations. The results show that U(6+) sorption on montmorillonite is a strong function of pH, reaching a maximum at near-neutral pH (6 to 6.5) and decreasing sharply towards more acidic or more alkaline conditions. A comparison of the pH-dependence of U(6+) sorption with that of U(6+) aqueous speciation indicates a close correspondence between U(6+) sorption and the predominance field of U(6+)-hydroxy complexes. At high pH, sorption is inhibited due to formation of aqueous U(6+)-carbonate complexes. At low pH, the low sorption values indicate that the 0.1 M NaNO₃ matrix was effective in suppressing ion-exchange between the uranyl (UO₂ ²⁺) species and interlayer cations in montmorillonite. At pH and carbonate concentrations typical of natural waters, sorption of U(6+) on montmorillonite can vary by four orders of magnitude and can become negligible at high pH.The experimental results were used to develop a thermodynamic model based on a surface complexation approach to permit predictions of U(6+) sorption at differing physicochemical conditions. A Diffuse-Layer model (DLM) assuming aluminol (>AlOH) and silanol (>SiOH) edge sites and two U(6+) surface complexation reactions per site effectively simulates the complex sorption behavior observed in the U(6+)-H₂O-CO₂-montmorillonite system at an ionic strength of 0.1 M and pH > 3.5. A comparison of model predictions with data from this study and from published literature shows good agreement and suggests that surface complexation models based on parameters derived from a limited set of data could be useful in extrapolating radionuclide sorption over a range of geochemical conditions. Such an approach could be used to support transport modeling by providing a better alternative to the use of constant K _d s in transport calculations.