Geochemistry and chemical evolution of saline lakes of Western Mongolia

This paper presents data on the major and trace element composition of saline lakes of western Mongolia. The main geochemical types of lakes distinguished in the study are soda-, chloride-, and sulfaterich lakes. Lake water equilibria with major carbonate, sulfate, chloride, and other rock-forming minerals were calculated. The results show that the major factors controlling the formation of each lake type include evaporation and water-rock interaction processes, and the latter factor plays a critical role in freshwater and soda lakes and only a minor role in chloride lakes. Special attention was given to the soda lakes and the factors controlling lake water chemistry.     

Uranium in Saline Lakes of Mongolia and Adjacent Areas

正1 Introduction Increasing demand for uranium raw materials for the nuclear industry has stimulated interest in non-traditional sources,including hydromineral ones[Qin,2009].Those are saline lakes located in the uranium ore districts.Accumulation of uranium in such lakes results from the leaching of uranium from the rocks by surface and ground     

Chemical Composition of Some Saline Lakes in the Tuva Region(Russia)

正1 Introduction Salt lakes are very interesting natural objects which can be found in different places in the world.Russia is not an exception.Climate conditions are various in Russia,but the climate is not very hot.In Russia there are a lot of places where salt lakes are spread.One of them is the Tuva region where lakes with different compositions are     

Chemical composition and sulfur forms in saline lakes of Kulunda Plain(Russia)

正1 Introduction On the territory Kulunda Plain,located to the south-west of the Ob’plateau,there are more than 3,000 fresh and salt lakes with water TDS range from 1 to 430 g/L.The interest in these lakes was associated mainly with the study of     

内蒙古西乌旗阿拉坦高勒含矿辉长岩岩石学特征及其成因

内蒙古西乌旗阿拉坦高勒含钒钛磁铁矿的辉长岩岩体主要由中--粗粒的狭义辉长岩、角闪辉长及橄榄辉长岩、细粒辉长岩和辉绿岩等复合而成。不同钻孔岩心的主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果研究发现,Al₂O₃ 含量为14. 5% ～ 19. 65%,K₂O + Na₂O 含量为3. 03% ～ 4. 7%,P₂O₅ 含量为0. 11% ～ 1. 04%,总体上,主量元素具有高铝、低碱、不均匀富磷的特点,属于里特曼指数σ ＜ 4 的钙碱性系列岩石。( La /Yb) N 为1. 40 ～ 6. 54,( Gd /Yb) N 为1. 38 ～ 2. 09,表现为轻稀土富集的右倾型,表明岩浆来源于地幔物质的低程度部分熔融。辉长岩δEu 为0. 53 ～ 1. 18,Eu 元素异常的不同表现形式和相似的微量元素配分特点,一方面揭示了不同岩石类型具同源性特点,另一方面结合岩相学研究,也为该岩体历经岩浆分离结晶--多期脉动侵位--流体叠加成矿的成因机制提供了地球化学依据。     

Potash Mineral Characteristics and Geochemical Studies in the West of Bieletan Section

正Qarhan Salt Lake is located in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin,which is first discovered the large potash deposit in the late 1950s.The Bieletan section is located in the west of Qarhan Salt Lake,where saline sediment     

内蒙古阿尔善地区土壤地球化学异常特征及找矿意义

内蒙古呼伦贝尔市阿尔善地区位于兴安岭成矿带西伯利亚板块南缘东乌旗早华力西褶皱带（Ⅱ2）内。区内矿产资源丰富,主要有铁、铅、锌、银、铜、金、钼多金属等重要矿产的资源。本次1：5万土壤地球化学测量以取得显著的地球化学普查信息为基础、以勘查地球化学理论、区域成矿理论和遥感地质理论并结合已有物化探成果为指导,在综合分析研究调查...     

Stable Isotope and Element Geochemistry of Saline Springs in Evaporite-bearing Mengla Basin,South Yunnan,China

正1 Introduction Mengla Basin is a sub-basin in southern evaporitebearing Lanping-Simao Basin.There are many salt springs in the basin.In 2012,11 spring samples were collected for analyses of chemistry and boron,hydrogen and oxygen     

内蒙古小南山铂-铜-镍矿区辉长岩地球化学特征及成因

小南山是华北地台北缘重要的铂-铜-镍矿床之一,其赋矿围岩地球化学研究为国内外地质学家所关注.本文对赋矿辉长岩及相关蚀变岩进行了主元素、稀土元素和微量元素地球化学研究.研究结果表明,含矿的辉长岩属于铁质基性岩,其原岩为幔源的大陆拉斑玄武岩.辉长岩在次闪石化过程中有大量的成矿物质被萃取出来,因此对后期热液型矿体的形成具有重要的控制作用.     

内蒙古道郎山地区花岗岩的地质地球化学特征及其意义

内蒙古道郎山位于华北板块北缘,区内出露的花岗岩主要为燕山期岩体,岩石类型主要为黑云母花岗岩。岩石地球化学特征表现为强过铝质、富硅贫钙。岩石的里特曼指数平均值为1.80,碱度指数AR平均值为2.6,属于钙碱性系列岩石。岩体分异指数高,结晶演化程度高;稀土总量偏低,具有明显Eu负异常。推测岩体是由成熟度较高的泥质岩类在较低的温度下部分熔融形成的。     

Formation of the chemical composition of brackish and brine groundwater in the Tuva depression and surrounding areas

Groundwater with high salinity is widespread in different climatic and geologic environments of the world. The formation of its chemical composition, however, is still debatable. The chemical composition of groundwater has been studied in 19 springs of the Tuva depression. In this area, hydrocarbonate, sulfate, and chloride waters with different cation compositions discharge. Their TDS value varies mainly from 1 to 6 g/L, reaching 315 g/L at only one locality. The chemical composition of the studied waters is reflective of the geostructural, hydrogeologic, landscape, and geochemical conditions. The main processes determining the chemical composition of the waters are their interaction with aluminosilicate minerals, dissolution of gypsum and halite, evaporation, and oxidation of sulfide minerals.     

Thermodynamic model of formation of carbonates and uranium mineral phases in lakes Namshi-Nur and Tsagan-Tyrm (Cisbaikalia)

The Tazheran lakes are located compactly in the small Tazheran steppe area. Their bottom sediments are predominantly various calcite-dolomite carbonates, and their waters are rich in uranium. The studies have shown that the main process in these lakes is chemogenic carbonate precipitation with the participation of carbon dioxide formed through the bacterial destruction of organic matter. For thermodynamic modeling of the composition of bottom sediments, we chose two lakes with different basic parameters. Calculations were made for the 15-component heterogeneous system H₂O-Na-Ca-Mg-K-Sr-Ba-Si-Al-Cl-C-S-Fe-U-Mn including particles in the solution, minerals, and gases at 25 °C and 1 bar. As starting information, we used the obtained analytical data on the natural composition of waters and bottom sediments. The results show that calcite-dolomite carbonates are predominant in the bottom sediments and the destruction of organic matter results in reducing conditions. This confirms the hypothesis of the formation of mineral phases of U(IV) during diagenetic processes in the bottom sediments of the studied lakes.     

内蒙古西乌旗沙尔哈达晚侏罗世A型花岗岩：地球化学特征、岩石成因与动力学背景

内蒙古西乌旗沙尔哈达花岗岩侵入于贺根山缝合带蛇绿岩中。LA-ICP-MS锆石测年指示,沙尔哈达花岗岩岩株于晚侏罗世(154.6±1.2 Ma)侵位,矿物组合以石英、碱性长石和斜长石为主,富SiO2(74.86%~75.97%)、K2O(4.4%~4.95%),贫MgO(0.044%~0.22%)、CaO(0.38%~0.77%)、TiO2(0.046%~0.18%)和P2O5(0.007%~0.042%),A/CNK=1.03~1.09, 小于1.1,强烈亏损Ba、Sr、Eu、P、Ti,具有典型的右倾“海鸥型”稀土元素分配模式,表现出典型的铝质A型花岗岩的矿物组合及地球化学特征。沙尔哈达A型花岗岩具有低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.7014~0.70374)、低正εNd(t)值(+3.96~+4.31)、高的εHf(t)值(+10.54~+14.72)。同位素地球化学特征指示,沙尔哈达花岗岩可能源于新生的中基性地壳物质部分熔融及其后的结晶分异作用。沙尔哈达A型花岗岩为晚侏罗世蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后造山伸展作用的产物,和蒙古-华北北部地块散布的其他A型花岗岩共同指示中晚侏罗世广泛的中下地壳伸展。     

盐湖硼、锂、锶、氯同位素地球化学研究进展

盐湖作为盐矿资源的重要载体和富集区,探讨其矿物质来源及富集规律,不仅为盐湖的形成、演化及成盐成矿规律研究奠定了基础,也为盐湖资源评价及合理的开发利用提供了科学依据,具有重要的理论和现实意义。近年来,随着同位素地球化学的发展,同位素在盐湖领域的研究成果也日益丰富,使盐湖研究的深度和广度也得到快速发展。文章简要概述了硼、锂、锶、氯同位素的分馏机理及其在盐湖研究领域的发展历程,重点介绍了国内外取得的主要成果和最新进展,探讨了存在的问题,以促进硼、锂、锶、氯同位素地球化学研究在中国盐湖领域的进一步发展。     

内蒙古托克托县潜水与承压水中氟化物的空间分布特征及形成机理

氟是维持人体健康所必需的微量元素,过多或过少的摄入都会造成相应的健康问题。本研究从氟的来源、迁移和富集等角度,揭示了内蒙古呼和浩特市托克托县高氟地下水的空间分布规律及其在潜水和承压水中富集的原因。对研究区60个水样(30个潜水和30个承压水)进行了统计分析、水化学特征研究、聚类分析以及相关性分析。结果表明：潜水中F^- 浓度为0.40~7.20(2.30±1.80) mg/L,承压水中F^- 浓度为0.29~12.70(1.67±2.48) mg/L;地下水中F-浓度与HCO^-₃、Na⁺、溶解性总固体(TDS)和电导率(EC)呈正相关,与Ca²⁺呈一定的负相关关系。高氟水的水化学类型主要为HCO₃·Cl-Na型。受地下水流场的控制,高氟潜水(>5 mg/L)主要分布在地下水的排泄区;承压水中F^- 的富集主要受含水层岩性的影响,氟高浓度(>1.5 mg/L)分布区主要集中在研究区南部的湖积台地区域。     

水岩作用对内蒙古南部砒砂岩风化侵蚀的影响分析

砒砂岩是指在内蒙古东胜至准格尔旗一带,发育于三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪时期的一套河流相碎屑岩沉积,是黄河中游集中的基岩产沙区和粗泥沙的主要来源地之一。通过野外调查、样品采集和测试、水岩作用模拟等方法,分析雨水对岩石风化侵蚀的影响。对水样品测试结果的逆向模拟显示雨水对砒砂岩主要有3个方面的作用：(1)减小岩体内部粘结力,增加岩体孔隙度,促使方解石、长石、白云石、石膏和岩盐等溶解,使得岩体内孔隙度增大;(2)发生化学溶蚀,长石等矿物易于风化成高岭石、钙蒙脱石,扩大岩体中的裂隙;(3)钙蒙脱石的沉淀量较大,其遇水即膨胀的特性会给岩体内部增大压力而破坏岩石结构。水岩作用影响了砒砂岩的物理力学性质,加剧了砒砂岩风化与侵蚀。      

A Gold-bearing Alkaline Pluton in Eastern Linxi District, Inner Mongolia: Its Geochemistry and Metallogenic Significance

Abstract: The Biliutai pluton, as the host of a small gold deposit, containing dark-gray enclaves, intruded into the Lower Permian volcanic-sedimentary formations in east Inner Mongolia, China. The host rocks and enclaves formed simultaneously at about 200 Ma (Rb–Sr isochron age with initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.704). The _Nd (T) values for the enclaves (from +4.4 to +4.6) are similar to their host rocks (+3.2 to +4.8), although the values for the host rocks are relatively variable. Both enclaves and host rocks are enriched in large ion lithosphere elements and light rare earth elements but depleted in high field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements. These observations suggest that the magma was produced from subduction-modified mantle sources. The age of the mantle enrichment event, evaluated using depleted mantle Nd model ages, is 0.61 - 0.83 Ga. These geochemical characteristics constrain the metallogeny of the Biliutai pluton, and imply that the ore-forming materials probably were derived from lithospheric mantle.     

内蒙古赤峰北部二叠纪基性—中性次火山岩系地球化学特征

赤峰北部早二叠世末至晚二叠世初基性—中性次火山岩锆石U Pb和谐线年龄为 (2 76 .3±4 .2 )Ma ,岩石组合为玄武岩、玄武安山岩及安山岩等。岩石化学上属亚碱性系列、钙碱性火山岩系、钠质类型 ;稀土总量中低 ,属轻稀土富集型 ,稀土分布模式为右倾平滑曲线或略有正、负铕异常 ;过渡族元素球粒陨石标准化曲线形态呈“W”型 ,锶初始值为 0 .70 5398,反映物质来源较深。该火山岩系形成于华力西中期强烈造山后均衡调整阶段的引张构造环境。     

内蒙古准苏吉花钼矿床物化探异常特征及其地质意义

内蒙古自治区苏尼特左旗准苏吉花钼矿床,是内蒙古二连—东乌旗成矿带上近几年国土资源地质大调查中新发现的一个规模较大的岩浆热液矿床。该矿区地表覆盖严重,特别是隐伏矿床的地质找矿标志不明显,在找矿过程中综合物化探方法对发现和圈定钼矿体起到了重要作用。化探工作发现,成矿元素Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn、Ag形成3个北西向组合异常,与W、Sn、Ni、Co吻合较好,分布面积大,组分复杂,浓集分带明显。对矿区岩石进行物性测量,发现含矿地质体与围岩存在明显的物性差异。根据1∶10 000高精度磁法测量的含矿花岗岩磁性及其弱磁异常特征,圈定了与成矿密切相关的异常分布范围。1∶10 000激电测量显示岩(矿)石具高极化率、相对低电阻率特性,为本区的重要找矿标志。总结该矿床的地质特征、物化探特征,提出其成矿规律,为本地区下一步找矿工作的开展提供借鉴。     

内蒙古大石磨东预查区土壤地球化学特征及成矿预测

内蒙古大石磨东预查区位于蒙古—兴安造山带东段的额尔古纳地块中部,区域具有良好的斑岩型、浅成低温热液型矿床的成矿潜力。为了分析预查区成矿地质及地球化学条件,采用200m×20m的网度对预查区进行土壤地球化学测量工作,根据测试结果,运用聚类分析和因子分析方法,显示Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn元素相对富集成矿的可能性较高;并通过计算各元素背景值和异常下限值,共圈定单元素异常70处,其中Ag异常6处,Cu异常10处,Zn异常10处,Pb异常6处。结合地质条件及元素异常特征,初步划分出找矿靶区5处,其中Ⅰ级靶区3处和Ⅱ级靶区2处。