Lake Shira Level Changes in Late Holocene

正1 Introduction Meromictic Shira Lake is a good represfor detail climate modeling due to its locainformation and annually laminated bottomsediment column of 155 cm in length wahammer corer in the deepest(24 m)central in 2009.2 Sample Preparations and Measuring     

金刚石中微量元素的同步辐射X射线荧光分析

利用同步辐射X射线荧光技术,对人工合成金刚石以及产自山东、辽宁、湖南的天然金刚石进行了微量元素的测试分析。结果表明,在合成金刚石中,检测到了第四周期的元素(除As、Ge、Kr和Br外)和Pb;其中Fe、Co、Ni相对含量高,可能是合成时触媒的混入引起的。天然金刚石中检测到的微量元素有Ca、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、W、Au和Pb,但相对含量比合成金刚石中相应的微量元素相对含量低。不同产地的天然金刚石中的微量元素种类及含量存在差异,反映了金刚石地幔生长环境的不同及岩浆对金刚石生长过程的影响。     

磷灰石单晶体同步辐射X射线荧光探针成分分析

采用同步辐射X荧光（SRXRF）探针技术对河北峪耳崖和甘肃大水两地花岗岩中单颗粒磷灰石的化学成分进行了分析。结果显示，磷灰石含有P、Cl、S、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Gd、Yb、Sr、Y、Zr、U、Th等多种元素，峪耳崖磷灰石富含Mn、Fe，大水磷灰石则富含As。峪耳崖花岗岩为S型，大水花岗岩为Ⅰ型，两地磷灰石在稀土元素（REE）含量上具有明显差别：大水磷灰石呈右倾的REE配分模式和明显的轻稀土（LREE）富集；而峪耳崖呈现上凸的REE配分模式和LREE亏损。依据磷灰石的REE配分模式可有效地区分不同类型的花岗岩，以此作为花岗岩岩浆演化的指示。     

应用同步辐射微束X射线荧光光谱法研究单个大气PM2．5颗粒物的源特征

将高灵敏度的同步辐射微束x射线荧光光谱分析方法与计算机模式识别技术相结合，用于上海市大气PM2.5，单颗粒物的源识别。分析了污染排放源的PM2.5，单颗粒物，结果表明，来自不同污染排放源的颗粒物具有不同的能谱特征。同时分析了环境空气监测样品PM2.5，单颗粒物，结果表明，在上海市中心区大气PM2.5，的污染源主要以机动车尾气为主，而在吴淞工业区大气PM2.5，的污染源主要以钢铁工业尘和燃煤烟尘为主。     

同步辐射X射线荧光微探针技术中地质标样的研究

将国家级标样GSR-1至GSR-7研磨至颗粒度<2μm,在大气光路中以光斑尺寸为100μm×l00μm的同步辐射X射线(白光)激发,si(Li)半导体探测器采集荧光信号。研究了这些岩石标样中元素(K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Rb、sr、Zr)的X射线荧光强度平均值的相对标准偏差与取样量(点数或面积)的关系,测算了使用这套国家岩石标准样的取样量(点数或面积),并确定了实用的测量方法。为同步辐射X射线荧光微探针扫描技术提供一套(7个)适用的岩石标准样。     

Multi-Wavelength Synchrotron Radiation XRF Determination of U and Th in Sedimentary Cores from Lake Baikal

A new technique for the determination of uranium and thorium in lacustrine sediments is based on non-destructive synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-XRF) of sediment samples using monochromatic beams of different energies as excitation sources, with the recording and subsequent iterative processing of the X-ray fluorescence spectra. The technique has a multielement capability and enables fast, simultaneous analysis of a few tens of elements. The proposed SR-XRF technique was tested against INAA and ICP-MS methods and showed a number of advantages with a generally good correlation of results by the three methods. Uranium and Th profiles have been measured at a time resolution of 2 kyr in a drill core (BDP-96) from Lake Baikal bottom sediments deposited between 780 and 40 kyr B P. During this time span, peaks in the U and U/Th concentration marked warm climates. Oscillations of U and U/Th in Baikal bottom sediments during the Brunhes chron reflect climate-induced global change in the volume of polar ice, controlled by long-term cyclicity of the Earths orbital parameters. The response of these warm periods is similar to that observed earlier in shorter cores that span the two last interglacials (220-0 kyr BP).     

Preliminary Study on the Chemical Mapping of Individual Fluid Inclusion by Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microprobe

Abstract: Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analyses on individual hypersaline fluid inclusions were tested to using synchrotron source at Tsukuba (KEK), Japan. The XRF instrumentation at KEK meets the purpose of fluid inclusion analysis, nondestructive, multi–element, ppm detection limits, with micro spatial resolution. In practice, however, the quantitative chemical analysis of fluid inclusion requires further considerable data accumulation. Semi-quantitative distribution of elements (mass number > 25) in single fluid inclusion was obtained.     

同步辐射在矿物高压结构研究中的应用

本文介绍了同步辐射光源的特点、金刚石对顶玷(DAC)技术原理和相关的压力内标、传压介质、密封垫等问题，以及同步辐射光源与DAC技术结合在矿物高压结构研究中的应用，并以北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)高压站为基础，结合绿帘石的能量X射线(energy dispersive X-ray diffraction，EXED)实验，说明在高压原位实验过程中的制样、标压物质和20选择、数据收集和处理等问题。     

Internal Structure of Cambrian Fossil Embryo Markuelia Revealed in the Light of Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomographic Microscopy

In the light of Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (SRXTM), the internal structure of Markuelia hunanensis is revealed. In one example, vitrification and peeling show the annuli hidden under the chorion. Sectioning and 3-D reconstruction display an intact digestive tract from the inverted introvert to the terminal anus. The inverted introvert forms a rugby cavum. The following digestive tract is rope-like coiling, parallel to the body axis, about 650 μm in length, and uniform in diameter (~80 μm). An exquisitely preserved pipe-like structure is hidden in the middle of the rope-like structure, diameter 20–40 μm, with a length of ~120 μm. We interpret this pipe-like structure as the possible epidermis of the gut and its surroundings as the possible residue of musculature, similar to that in Priapulans. The two symmetrical rod-shape structures connecting the body wall and digestive tract are interpreted as the possible retractor muscles. After comparing the well preserved Left-form and Right-form Body of Markuelia, we suggest that they may represent a dimorphism. Counted directly, one sample of Markuelia hunanensis possesses 62 annulations and the other 68.     

应用同步辐射技术解析黄色-红色石英质玉石中的致色矿物

质地细腻、颜色多彩的隐晶质-微粒脉石英在我国珠宝行业称为石英质玉石,颜色是石英质玉石价值判断的主要因素之一,揭示其致色矿物及致色机理对于研究石英质玉石的颜色评价指标和矿床成因具有重要意义,但前人并未直接获得致色矿物的准确信息。本文运用上海光源(SSRF)BL15U1线站的同步辐射硬X射线,使用μ-XRF和μ-XRD技术对黄色和红色隐晶质-微粒脉石英中的致色矿物进行了研究。结果表明,黄色石英质玉石由赋存于石英颗粒间或微裂纹中的针铁矿(特征衍射峰0.49574、0.41594、0.26887、0.25705、0.25189、0.24510、0.21806、0.17133 nm)或其集合体致色,红色石英质玉石由赋存于石英颗粒间或微裂纹中的赤铁矿(特征衍射峰0.36774、0.27091、0.25200 nm)或其集合体致色,黄色-红色石英质玉的颜色由针铁矿和赤铁矿共同致色,赤铁矿的显色能力要高于针铁矿。本文获得了石英质玉石中致色矿物的直接数据,为玉石结晶温度与致色机理的探讨、石英质玉石的品质评价提供了依据。