Anatomy of a late Pleistocene clinoformal sedimentary body (Le Castella,Calabria, southern Italy): A case of prograding spit system?

The Le Castella marine terrace is the smallest and youngest terrace of the Crotone area (southern Italy), and formed after a rapid marine ingression due to a glacio-eustatic rise outpacing the regional uplift of the area. The most prominent feature of the terrace deposits is a seaward-accreting clinoform about 10 m thick, inferred to be formed during forced regressive conditions. This prograding body is mostly composed of bioclastic material, and shows an internal complexity consisting of alternating oblique and sigmoid elementary units inferred to be produced mainly by changes of accommodation development. Foreset avalancing was due to sediment accumulation by gravity-flow processes, while topsets were characterized by the migration of medium- to large-scale dunes showing a unimodal palaeocurrent pattern, oblique with respect to the dip direction of the large-scale clinoform foresets. The Le Castella clinoform starts to develop from a topographic step on the basement due to tectonics, which also controlled the palaeoshoreline trend.The recognized stratigraphic and facies architectures, the palaeocurrent pattern, and the inferred palaeogeographic setting during deposition, all suggest that the Le Castella clinoform is an example of spit system attached to the mainland and accreted due to longshore transport. The present example contributes to establish criteria allowing the recognition of ancient spit systems, which still are poorly known and rarely documented in the pre-Quaternary geological record.     

Surveying the anthropogenic impact of the Moldau river sediments and nearby soils using magnetic susceptibility

Measuring magnetic susceptibility is a method which is used to estimate the amount of magnetic particles in soils, sediments or dusts. Changes in magnetic susceptibility can be due to various reasons: input from different sources of sediments, e.g. from different soils or rocks, atmospheric fallout of anthropogenic dusts containing magnetic particles produced by fossil fuel combustion, steel production or road traffic. In the case of river sediments, input from the catchment is of primary significance. The main aim of this investigation was to test the potential of magnetic susceptibility screening in identifying the effect and significance of anthropogenic activities in an area with complex geological conditions. We investigated the magnetic susceptibility of riverbed sediments of the largest river of the Czech Republic, the Moldau river. Besides that, the magnetic signal of nearby topsoils as well as of outcropping bedrocks in the vicinity of the river was examined. In the upper 300 km of the river, the magnetic enhancement of the river sediments can be linked to anthropogenic activities. Positive correlations were found in the river sediments between the contents of Cu and Zn and magnetic susceptibility, while Fe, Mn and Ni did not show a correlation with magnetic susceptibility. However, the major geogenic magnetic anomaly in the area around the Slapy dam has made it impossible to unambiguously interpret the magnetic signal in terms of anthropogenic impact in the last 80 km downstream.     

长江三角洲地区晚新生代沉积物岩石磁学特征及其物源指示意义

对长江三角洲地区7个晚新生代钻孔沉积物的岩石地层和磁化率特征进行详细对比,并进一步选择浦东机场孔（PD孔）进行了详细的岩石磁学测试,讨论了该地区的晚新生代沉积物物源的演变。结果显示沉积物磁性的4次显著变化：  1）各钻孔上新世磁性强弱差异明显;   2）早更新世早期本区普遍表现出弱磁性;   3）从早更新世中晚期至全新世,磁性强度一般随粒度粗细变化波动,即砂质沉积磁性强,泥质沉积磁性弱;   4）晚更新世晚期以来,细颗粒沉积物的磁性较明显增强。磁性参数分析显示上新世和早更新世早期磁性矿物晶体颗粒较细,早更新世中晚期-晚更新世以粗晶粒磁性矿物为主,全新世细晶粒磁铁矿再次占主导。我们认为上述磁性变化反映构造沉降控制下现代长江三角洲地区物源区的不断扩大。     

鹤庆盆地湖相岩心磁化率记录及其古环境意义

鹤庆盆地位于受印度季风影响的中国西南地区, 沉积连续, 厚度大, 是古环境研究的理想场所。本文主要通过对鹤庆湖相岩心磁化率记录的分析研究, 并结合碳酸盐、烧失量和粒度特征对古环境变化的响应机理, 探讨了沉积物中磁化率的古环境指示意义。本研究发现, 磁化率与碳酸盐和烧失量具有显著的相反变化; 而与粒度的关系较为复杂。磁化率与指示粗颗粒变化的中值粒径在含砂(砾)层具有较好的正相关关系; 与指示细颗粒变化的 < 4μm颗粒的相对含量, 在湖相粘土沉积中具有较为明显的正相关关系, 表明湖相沉积物中的亚铁磁性矿物主要来自于外源带入的粘土粒级碎屑物中。通过分析磁化率对古环境变化的响应机制, 并结合碳酸盐含量、烧失量和粒度变化特征, 本研究认为鹤庆盆地湖相岩心的磁化率记录可以用来反映水动力对物源区地表的侵蚀强度和搬运状况, 与流域内植被覆盖和降雨量密切相关。在干旱的冰期, 植被覆盖度较低, 地表侵蚀加剧, 带入湖泊的粘土粒级碎屑含量增加, 磁化率增高; 在湿润的间冰期, 植被覆盖度较高, 地表侵蚀减弱, 粘土粒级碎屑物的带入量减少, 磁化率降低。      

热带西太平洋沉积物的环境磁学特征对东亚冬季风的响应

西太平洋暖池(Western Pacific Warm Pool,WPWP)指位于热带太平洋中、西部(包括南海南部和苏禄海)年平均水温超过 28 ℃的广大海域。由于巨厚的表层暖水覆盖,西太平洋暖池成为全球热量和水汽交互的重要源区,对驱动温盐环流、调节全球气候变化具有重要作用。东亚冬季风(EAWM)是全球气候系统中最活跃的组成部分之一,它可能会通过寒潮侵入热带地区,引起深层对流,以此加强暖池区的对流活动和降水异常,从而影响赤道地区的潜热释放。但地质历史时期西太平洋暖池与东亚冬季风的相互作用关系尚不明确。由于东亚冬季风携带的风尘中往往包含有大颗粒的高矫顽力磁性矿物,我们可以通过沉积物中磁性矿物的组合、含量、颗粒大小和形态变化,分析不同时间尺度上气候环境变化和风尘物质的输入情况,进而反演东亚冬季风的强度变化。本文对取自热带西太平洋B10钻孔的岩心样品进行了环境磁学测试,以揭示地质历史时期西太平洋暖池沉积物环境磁学特征对东亚冬季风的响应。实验结果表明,沉积物中的主要载磁矿物为低矫顽力的磁铁矿,属于亚铁磁性矿物,并含有少量高矫顽力磁性矿物。沉积物中的磁性颗粒以准单畴(PSD)颗粒为主。高矫顽力的磁性矿物含量和细颗粒磁铁矿相对含量在冰期和间冰期呈现出显著相对变化,对东亚冬季风的变化有敏感响应:冰期沉积物中高矫顽力矿物含量增多,磁性颗粒粒径变大;间冰期沉积物中高矫顽力矿物含量降低,磁性颗粒粒径变细。在干燥、寒冷的冰期,由风尘携带而来的高矫顽力磁性矿物相对含量增加,沉积物中的磁性颗粒粒径变大,反映冰期东亚冬季风强度增大;在气候温暖湿润的间冰期,风尘的输入量较小,由风尘携带的高矫顽力磁性矿物含量相对较低,沉积物中的磁性颗粒粒径变小,反映间冰期东亚冬季风的强度减弱。     

青海省玛沁县友后青地区钴铜矿化带成矿地质特征及找矿前景

青海玛沁县友后青地区大地构造位置处于阿尼玛卿缝合带内,在友后清地区发现了与基性-超基性岩体关系密切的钴铜矿化带。本文主要分析了友后青地区钴铜矿化带的成矿地质特征,认为华力西-印支期NW-NWW向的深大断裂控制着钴铜成矿作用。高精度磁测显示,区内有一条近NWW走向的磁异常带,异常强度中等偏高,呈串珠状分布。水系沉积物测量表明,以镍钴铬为主的多金属综合异常规模大,元素组合齐全,镍钴铬元素异常套合好。水系沉积物地球化学异常与高精度磁测异常可以很好的叠合在一起,在空间上与基性-超基性岩关系密切。沿NW-NWW向断裂带,与基性-超基性岩叠合较好的物化探异常区是该地区寻找钴铜矿的有利地段。     

Sr and Nd isotopes as tracers of clastic sources in Lake Le Bourget sediment (NW Alps, France) during the Little Ice Age: Palaeohydrology implications

Geochemical methods (major elements and Sr, Nd isotopes) have been used to (1) characterize Lake Le Bourget sediments in the French Alps, (2) identify the current sources of the clastic sediments and estimate the source variability over the last 600 years. Major element results indicate that Lake Le Bourget sediments consist of 45% clastic component and 55% endogenic calcite. In addition, several individual flood levels have been identified during the Little Ice Age (LIA) on the basis of their higher clastic content (> 70%).Potential sources of Lake Le Bourget clastic sediments have been investigated from Sr and Nd isotope compositions. The sediments from the Sierroz River and Leysse River which are mainly derived from the Mesozoic Calcareous Massifs are characterised by lower ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and slightly lower ?_Nd(0) ratios than the Arve River sediments which are derived from the Palaeozoic Mont-Blanc External Crystalline Massifs. The Rhône River appears to have been the main source of clastic sediments into the lake for the last 600 years, as evidenced by a similar Sr and Nd isotopic compositions analyzed in core B16 sediments (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.719, ?_Nd(0) = − 10) and in the sediments of the Rhône River (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.719, ?_Nd(0) = − 9.6).The isotopic signatures of flood events and background samples from core B16 in Lake Le Bourget are also similar. This indicates that prior to ∼ 1800, the inputs into the lake have remained relatively homogeneous with the proportion of clastic component mainly being a function of the palaeohydrology of the Rhone River. Early human modification (deforestation and agriculture) of the lake catchment before the 1800s appears to have had little influence on the source of clastic sediments.     

黄东海陆架及朝鲜海峡泥质沉积物的磁学特征比较研究

黄东海陆架和朝鲜海峡等5个泥质沉积区全新世中期以来(自约6kaB.P.至今)的细粒沉积物主要是黄河、长江和朝鲜半岛的河流入海物质在复杂的海洋动力系统中的沉积产物.对取自山东半岛北部近岸泥质区和长江口以南的闽浙沿岸泥质区(舟山群岛近岸海区)的表层细粒沉积物(粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土)开展了详细的岩石磁学测试,包括磁化率、等温剩磁和样品磁化率随温度的变化等分析,并将实验数据与以往研究过的济州岛西南陆架区、南黄海东南部陆架区和朝鲜海峡西岸等3个泥质沉积区细粒沉积物的磁学特征进行比较研究.结果表明,上述5处细粒沉积物的磁性矿物主要组分为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,其中低矫顽力磁性矿物为主,平均粒度为准单畴(PSD).根据磁性矿物的粒度和低矫顽力组分的相对含量,这5处细粒沉积物可以划分为3种类型:第1种类型是朝鲜海峡西岸细粒沉积物,其磁性矿物的粒度最粗,低矫顽力组分的相对含量为中等;第2种类型是南黄海东南部陆架细粒沉积物,其磁性矿物的粒度为中等,低矫顽力组分的相对含量最大;第3种类型是山东半岛北部近岸、闽浙沿岸(舟山群岛近岸)和济州岛西南陆架区的细粒沉积物,其磁性矿物的粒度最细,低矫顽力组分的相对含量最低.在这5处细粒沉积物中,闽浙沿岸(舟山群岛近岸)细粒沉积物的磁性矿物含量最高,其他4处细粒沉积物的磁性矿物含量都较低且大体相当.这种磁学特征的差异反映了物源的不同.从磁学特征来分析,济州岛西南陆架区的泥质沉积物主要来自黄河和长江;南黄海东南部泥质区的主要物源是朝鲜半岛进入黄海的河流,黄河和长江对其没有重要贡献.     

Water chemistry and heavy metal distribution in an AMD highly contaminated river

Environmental impacts of acid mine drainage (AMD) from Dexing Copper Mine, the largest open pit copper mine in Asia, on Le An River were well documented 10 years ago. However, ore production of the mine has increased fourfold and the contamination situation of the river now is unknown. Our studies indicated that heavy metal concentrations in riverwaters (dissolved), suspended solids (SS) and sediments all showed highly localized distribution patterns closely associated with two AMD-contaminated tributaries (Dawu River and Ji River) and are significantly different from the previous findings. Compared with the previous reports, most of the sampling sites in Le An River displayed lower contents of sediments of 2005 because several historical upstream and downstream heavy metal sources disappeared or became unimportant. The surprised decrease of copper contents in sediments at the mixing location with Dawu River was mainly due to dilution from the sufficient input of poor copper ore (<0.3%).     

Remanence magnetic records of the recent 130 000 years from the sediments in Nansha area, South China Sea

Two hundred and eighty-one samples, collected from drilling core NS93-5 located in the Nansha area of the South China Sea, were used to study the magnetic characteristics of the sediments in the sea. Detailed rock magnetic results show that the magnetic minerals of the sediments were dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals such as magnetite, and a small contribution of hematite and maghematite also existed. The sediments recorded three negative values of remanence magnetic inclination at the depth: 191–206 cm, 232–248 cm, and 292–308 cm. The corresponding ages of these negative values were 65.87–68.7 ka B.P., 73.4–80.8 ka B.P. and 108.4–113.6 ka B.P., respectively, according to stratigraphy of oxygen isotope, ¹⁴C, and the age of a volcanic ash layer. The negative value during 108.4–113.6 ka B.P. may be the record of a Blake event in the sediments of the Nansha area. Translated from Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2006, 26(1): 59–66 [译自: 海洋地质与第四纪地质]     

台湾海峡西部表层沉积物磁化率特征

为研究台湾海峡西部表层沉积物磁化率变化特征及其控制因素,对采自平潭至汕尾近海海域的228个表层沉积物样品进行了磁化率分析,得出低频磁化率和频率磁化率值均呈从近岸向外海递减趋势,且厦门湾以北近岸海域的低频磁化率明显高于厦门湾以南的,频率磁化率在平潭岛外侧和汕尾近岸海域相对较高,且自平潭岛向南,有一明显的递减趋势。通过和前人关于台湾海峡西部沉积物类型和重矿物分布研究的对比发现台湾海峡西部表层沉积物磁化率在近岸细粒沉积物中高,外海粗颗粒沉积物中低,磁化率值的变化趋势和沉积物中磁铁矿含量的变化趋势一致,说明台湾海峡西部磁化率和频率磁化率主要受沉积作用和沉积物来源的影响。     

松嫩平原南缘现代沉积物磁化率、粒度、色度特征及古气候环境意义

深入了解松嫩平原第四纪古气候演化过程,对本区黑土退化的气候影响因素研究有重要理论意义。选择松嫩平原南缘大黑山地垒长春—四平段郭家（GJ）、湾沟（WG）、平安屯（PA）、腰分水岭旁（YP）、西地（XD）、胡家甸（H）、肖家（XJ）7个现代沉积剖面进行磁化率、粒度和色度分析。结果显示：各剖面沉积物磁化率多表现为干燥时期较大、湿润时期较小、寒冷阶段较大、温暖适宜阶段较小的特点。颜色对磁化率影响较大,不同颜色砂或砂质黏土的磁化率从大到小依次为红褐色→浅黄色或灰绿色→灰黑色。碳酸盐岩或灰岩物源的存在,使沉积物色度和磁化率之间的关系相对复杂。磁化率会随沉积物粒度增大而增大,冻融风化和降雨增多导致沉积物粒度增大,使磁化率升高;但温暖适宜时期,磁化率受物源供给量的减小而减小。磁化率、粒度和色度三指标综合反映出研究区早更新世寒冷干燥→中更新世冷湿—暖湿—冷湿→晚更新世寒冷较湿润的古气候环境演化过程。     

南海北部DSH-1C柱状样晚更新世以来沉积物磁性特征及其环境意义

对取自南海北部陆坡“海洋四号沉积体”的DSH-1C柱状样,进行了沉积学和磁学分析,结合相关资料探讨了该柱状样沉积物磁性特征的纵向变化及其与该区沉积环境变化的关系。结果表明：DSH-1C柱状样自上而下共划分为3个岩性单元,表层沉积物为全新世氧同位素1期(MIS1)以粘土质粉砂为主的深海-半深海沉积;中部含数层重力流沉积夹层为晚更新世氧同位素2期(MIS2)沉积;底部为晚更新世氧同位素3期(MIS3)粘土质粉砂。该柱状样磁化率(χ)平均值为1.72×10-7 m3/kg。所有样品的等温剩磁(IRM)均已达到饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)的80%以上,S300的最小值为0.605。该柱状样沉积物中的磁性矿物极少,以低矫顽力矿物为主;在陆源物质输入较多的间冰期(MIS1和MIS3期),其磁性参数值较高;反之,在MIS2其磁性参数值较低,可能与冰期该区陆源物质减少有关。此外,该岩心柱中富含有孔虫壳体或双壳碎屑的重力流层沉积物的磁性参数值低,与这些逆磁性碳酸盐组分的增加有关。     

不同类型沉积物磁化率的比较研究和初步解释

沉积物的磁化率分析以被广泛应用在第四纪古气候研究中,不同类型沉积物磁化率的解释可能存在明显的差异.本文选择了黄土、冲积物、湖积物、风沙堆积和南方红土等五种不同类型的沉积物,进行了磁化率的测试,粒度和孢粉分析,试图通过对沉积物磁化率和相关古环境指标的研究,对不同类型沉积物的磁化率予以对比并进行初步解释.研究结果表明,黄土和湖泊沉积中磁化率的变化主要受气候变化的影响,是指示古气候的重要指标;河流沉积物和风沙沉积物的磁化率主要受粒度的影响;影响南方红土磁化率的因素十分复杂,其磁化率的解释比较困难有待进一步的研究.这一研究表明,鉴于不同沉积物磁化率的影响因素存在明显的不同,因此在运用磁化率进行古环境解释时须持慎重态度.     

江苏金坛和尚墩旧石器遗址地层的古地磁年代与磁化率研究

北方黄土研究中磁化率分析已越来越多运用到第四纪风尘堆积研究中。采用古地磁极性柱结合磁化率曲线比对定年的方法,初步确定江苏金坛和尚墩遗址750cm厚的地层年龄为330kaBP,对应磁化率曲线判断该区域分别经历了24kaBP左右、110kaBP左右、190—240kaBP左右、300kaBP左右的4个暖湿期,其中间隔有3个干冷时期,具有完整的3个气候旋回。对应地层发育的4个古土壤层、3个黄土层的风尘堆积—古土壤序列。研究表明,虽然古地磁极性定年的方法有一定的局限性,但在以磁化率信息为辅助的条件下,可在一定程度上消除这些局限,获得较为准确的地层年代,多种证据表明这种方法是可靠的。     

长江口现代潮滩表层沉积物磁性特征和自生铁硫化物的分布*

以长江口崇明岛北支潮滩的3个潮滩为对象,在粒度测量和磁性分析的基础上,揭示了现代潮滩表层沉积物的磁性变化,探讨了磁性矿物、尤其是自生亚铁磁性矿物—硫复铁矿（Fe₃S₄）在潮滩沉积微相的分布规律及机制。研究结果表明：长江口潮滩表层沉积物的磁性特征由亚铁磁性矿物及超顺磁颗粒(SP)主导。淤积型中高潮滩磁铁矿以单畴(SD)和SP为主,侵蚀型潮滩的中低潮滩则更多假单畴/多畴(PSD/MD)晶粒,反映了水动力的分选及以细颗粒矿物溶解为主的早期成岩作用。此外,最东侧的北四滧港剖面潮上带—高潮滩芦苇带普遍存在自生亚铁磁性硫复铁矿,北堡港和新卫剖面的高潮滩也局部存在硫复铁矿,反映了本区高潮滩—潮上带丰富的有机质及细颗粒沉积物、加上有限的海水淹没时间,是早期成岩作用过程中生成硫复铁矿的主要机制。     

中山舰沉积物基本特征与断年意义

通过中山舰沉积物的纹层、磁化率、铁磁性物质与长江水位、大气污染的磁性物质来源关系等,并结合文史资料,得出沉积物磁化率的显著变化可作判别沉积物相对年代的指标,而沉积物中与现代工业发展相关的圆球状磁性金属废渣可作为判别沉积物确切年代的标志。沉积物磁化率的明显增强的原因是环境变化引起的铁磁性物质的增多,圆球状金属废渣的首次出现是武钢投厂对大气环境污染的结果,其指示年代为1959年。磁化率相对较低的沉积物沉积年代为1938-1958年,而磁化率明显增强的沉积物年代为1959年以后。研究表明,采用的沉积物磁性特征与文史相结合的断年方法,具有原理简明、操作方便、研究成本低等特点,适合内陆人口密集地区大尺度沉积环境普查研究的需要,并且不受沉积环境、沉积类型差异的影响。     

柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖CH0310钻孔沉积物磁化率及其影响因素分析

通过对长为523 m的柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖CH0310钻孔沉积物岩性、磁性特征、高频质量磁化率、低频质量磁化率、频率磁化率和总有机碳（TOC）的实验分析,结果表明:CH0310钻孔中磁铁矿是沉积物磁化率的主要贡献者;由于受气候和环境的影响与控制,以弱氧化环境为主CH0310钻孔中沉积物的磁化率与粗砂粒级含量成正相关与粘土级含量反相关关系;进一步对磁化率和TOC的相关性分析发现,在不同的沉积层磁化率和TOC的相关性表现出正负差异,这反映了磁化率对气候与环境的响应模式在CH0310钻孔不同层位并不完全相同,揭示出湖泊磁化率影响因素的复杂性和它作为气候代用指标的不确定性,因此认为对于地处高原干旱区沉积速率快、沉积层特别厚的湖泊来说,如果用单一的磁化率指标来反映或恢复古气候和古环境的变化需要特别慎重。     

西太平洋深海沉积物记录的～80ka以来风尘物质输入与东亚冬季风强度

大洋沉积物中的风尘记录良好地揭示了风尘源区干旱化过程和季风强度变化。以位于西太平洋采薇海山附近的柱状沉积物(MABC19孔)为研究对象,在基于地磁场相对古强度对比获取年代框架的基础上,从沉积物粒度组分和磁学参数中提取研究区~80ka以来风尘物质的记录。沉积物高矫顽力磁性矿物参数结果指示,研究区风尘输入量自~80ka以来总体呈逐渐增加趋势,在MIS3/MIS2转换阶段风尘输入量增加明显,揭示了风尘源区古气候条件的转变。通过碎屑沉积物粒径—标准偏差方法提取代表风尘输入的敏感组分,其平均粒径记录了东亚冬季风强度在MIS3/MIS2转换阶段显著增大,该记录与黄土地区风尘记录指示的东亚冬季风强度变化在MIS3阶段高度一致,在其余时段存在着差异,初步推测这是由于高空风尘输送机制的海、陆差异所致。     

南黄海沉积物磁性特征及其对物源变化的指示 ——以南黄海中部泥质区YSC-10孔为例

南黄海中部泥质区是东亚大陆沉积物巨大的汇,识别这一地区的物源变化对理解古气候和古海洋变化有重要作用.基于黄河和长江携带的碎屑物质在磁性特征上的差异,环境磁学参数、磁化率—中值粒径的相关性可用于指示南黄海中部泥质区物源的可能变化.根据YSC?10孔环境磁学参数变化和磁化率—中值粒径的相关关系,推测4.8 cal ka B...