The study of magnetic anomalies over Davis Strait

Magnetic data collected during several cruises in Davis Strait show north-south lineations over most of the area. The central positive magnetic zone coincides well with a major gravity low. These results suggest that the magnetic anomalies were produced by seafloor spreading and that the gravity low marks an extinct spreading center in Davis Strait. Comparison between the geomagnetic polarity time-scale and dated anomalies in Labrador Sea suggests identification of anomalies 13–27 (37 to 62 MY). In southern Davis Strait (63°N), the spreading rates are 8.4 mm/y. east of the spreading center, and 2.7 mm/y to the west. In northern Davis Strait (66°N), the spreading rates are 4.5 mm/y east of the spreading center, and 2.1 mm/y to the west. Seafloor spreading in Davis Strait was there-fore very asymmetrical, with decreasing rates from south to north. Spreading is interpreted as having begun at 61–63 M and ending at 37 MY. Three fracture zones have been delineated, suggesting oblique spreading about the ridge axis in the Davis Strait. A distinct northeast-southwest anomaly zone is interpreted as the, expression of faults caused by volcanically-induced vertical crustal movements, and not by spreading-related horizontal crustal movement. Faulting along this northeast-southwest anomaly zone is inferred to have occurred after the spreading and before 30 MY. The magnetic anomalies off Cape Dyer are proposed to be different from the anomalies striking in northeast-southwest direction. The Cape Dyer anomaly is interpreted as being formed at 58 MY while the northeast-southwest anomaly zone formed more recently. This work was carried out at Department of Geology and Centre for Marine Geology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N. S. Canada.     

Tectonics of the Indo-Australian plate near the Ninetyeast Ridge constrained from marine gravity and magnetic data

Although the Indo-Australian plate near the Ninetyeast Ridge is important for understanding the formation of new plate boundaries, its tectonic problems are complex and most of them are poorly known. This paper made a detailed tectonic analysis based on the data of bathymetry, gravity and magnetics. Bathymetry and gravity maps show morphological features of many folds, which are related to the intraplate deformation of the Indo-Australian plate due to the collision between the Indian and Asian plates. Gravity anomalies show the structure of fracture zones, which are caused by the seafloor spreading and transform faulting. The characteristics of the folds and fracture zones are consistent with the hypothesis that diffuse plate boundaries and redefined plate components would occur within the Indo-Australian plate. In addition, compiled magnetic data demonstrate magnetic lineations, abandoned spreading centers, southward ridge jumps and plate motions. These features provide useful information for rebuilding the tectonic evolution history of the study area. Magnetic anomalies suggest that an additional plate boundary of transform fault type is developing.     

山东半岛海域成矿区带划分浅析

山东半岛海域成矿区带划分以往研究程度较低。该文利用海域重磁资料,在研究区梳理了渤海和黄海的重磁异常特征,渤海和北黄海呈负布格重力异常,南黄海北部与之相反;渤海为正磁异常,黄海与之相反。以重磁异常为基础,基于陆域构造单元划分,对海域构造单元划分至Ⅲ级10个构造单元,海域构造单元多为陆域向海域的延伸,仅渤中坳陷和北黄海盆地为独立的海域构造单元。参照陆域成矿区带划分,以构造单元边界为界线,海域成矿区带划分至Ⅳ级6个成矿区,各成矿区特征不同,坳陷构造单元内成矿区富集油气矿产,隆起构造单元内成矿区表现为埕宁隆起富集煤矿,胶北隆起富集金、菱镁矿、煤、灰岩矿,千里隆起富集岩金、蛇纹岩、石棉、花岗石矿。     

Characteristics of Zhangsanying-Tongshanzi aeromagnetic anomaly zone and prospecting potential of iron deposits in northern Hebei,China

Based on the latest high-precision aeromagnetic data,an aeromagnetic anomaly zone is identified at Zhangsanying--Tongshanzi in northern Hebei Province.By the potential field conversion processing,including the reduction to the pole,vertical derivative,upward continuation and residual anomaly,the authors analyzed the characteristics of three typical aeromagnetic anomalies in Zhangsanying--Tongshanzi aeromagnetic anomaly zone and their geological origin.The methods include the forward and inversion methods,such as 2.5D optimization fitting and Euler deconvolution.Moreover,combined with the geological outcrop,known iron deposits,ground magnetic survey and verification,the authors studied the relationship between the aeromagnetic anomalies and iron deposits.The result shows that the Zhangsanying--Tongshanzi aeromagnetic anomaly zone is composed of 10 large magnetic anomalies with high amplitude and clear boundary.The aeromagnetic anomalies are comparable and intrinsically related to the ground magnetic anomalies and IP anomalies,indicating that the anomalies are caused by magnetite deposits.It has good magnetite prospecting potential in the Zhangsanying--Tongshanzi aeromagnetic anomaly zone.     

五莲县七宝山多金属矿矿化特征及地球物理地球化学特征

五莲县七宝山多金属矿位于五莲-胶南成矿带,是山东省重点勘查区和有色金属调查评价区,开展了大量工作,系统总结其多金属矿矿化特征,分析其地球物理、地球化学特征,将为开展外围找矿工作提供参考。通过总结五莲七宝山地区的重力异常特征、航磁异常特征、岩(矿)石物性特征以及地球化学特征,以及对杏山峪和红石岗矿段高精度磁测及激电中梯资料的分析对比,提出七宝山地区低阻、低磁异常带,高低阻过渡带、正负磁异常接触带附近,是找矿的重要地球物理特征标志。地球化学资料显示该区为Cu、Au、Ag等元素构成的近圆形高背景区与七宝山火山机构中心的次火山杂岩体分布范围基本一致,其他异常与已发现的多金属矿床在位置上完全吻合,说明化探异常具有效性。     

华北板块东部石炭纪(竹蜓)带缺失规律及其意义

在欧亚大陆形成过程中,位于西伯利亚和华北板块之间的洋壳曾长期向华北板块之下俯冲消减,致使板块北部不断抬升,(竹蜓)带也呈现有规律地缺失。(竹蜓)带缺失揭示:①华北板块自中石炭世晚期开始抬升,至晚石炭世晚期变华北地势由北、东部低,南、西高(C_2)为北、东部高、南部低;②随着板块北部的不断抬升,海浸中心不断向南迁移,煤层和海相层也由北而南层位逐渐变新;③郯庐断裂以西几乎全部缺失中石炭世早期和中石炭世晚期早时(竹蜓)带,因此,石炭纪华北海浸是中石炭世晚期中时向山西及华北腹地推进的;④(竹蜓)带缺失的相对上升区一般为浅滩相,这是由于华北石炭纪的构造振荡运动振幅小,频率大,而仅表现为海陆环境的频繁交替,并未能脱离沉积盆地环境,故一般不存在沉积间断;⑤石炭纪郯庐断裂活动对这一时期的沉积起了控制作用。     

华北地区强震前断层形变异常与演化特征

利用华北北部地区20世纪70年代以来的跨断层形变观测资料，研究了该区强震前的断层形变异常。结果表明：唐山、大同和张北地震前断层形变的中、短期前兆异常显著，说明剧烈的断层活动是强震发生的重要信息；唐山地震在形变异常恢复后或在恢复过程中发生的异常测项的比例高于大同和张北地震；断层活动存在10年左右周期的群体准同步阶段性特征；在大同和张北地震活跃期内，震前断层形变主要表现为突跳性(无趋势积累)短期异常，而在唐山地震活跃期内，断层形变主要表现为趋势性积累，这可能是华北6级～7级以上强震前断层形变异常特征的主要区别之一。     

Using satellite magnetic data to divide geological tectonic units of South China Sea

The South China Sea locates at the convergence center of the Eurasian Plate,the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australia plate. The Cenozoic seafloor spreading in the South China Sea Basin is an important part of the tectonic evolution of the South China Sea that records information of the continental margin tectonic history and its impact on regional geologic evolution. Magnetic data contains abundant geological structure information from the surface to deep. This paper reports magnetic data of the South China Sea. Through the conventional processing of these magnetic data,we report general results on the regional magnetic anomalies,such as the upward continuation graph,the polar magnetic anomaly map and the magnetic anomaly partition map. The magnetic anomaly field in the South China Sea is divided into eight areas,of which the characteristics are explained,and the tectonic evolution of the South China Sea is preliminarily discussed.     

油气藏上方磁及自电异常成因模型

本文把油气藏上方划分为五个地球化学带。通过对地壳中含量较高的变价元素铁的分析，认为在过渡带Ⅲ＿１中将富集成岩磁铁矿，在还原柱与围岩的接触面上存在过剩电位差，可将其等效为双电层．成岩磁铁矿产生弱磁异常，双电层引起自然电位异常。从而把磁法和自然电场法直接找油气的理论统一为变价元素铁在不同的环境下所发生的物理化学作用上。利用简单的几何形体代表各地球化学带建立了磁模型，把双电层等效成电偶层建立了自电模型，最后对玉门某构造上磁异常和自电异常进行了解释．     

据断层垂直形变确定华北活动块体边界

根据中国华北地区断层形变测量资料的系统处理结果和已知构造带的分布 ,给出了该区现今主要块体的活动边界 ,分别统计了不同区带断层垂直运动的平均速率 ,对其差异性进行了对比 ,并结合地震活动的空间分布进行了分析。结果表明 ,不同区带的断层活动差异性显著 ,断层测点分布条带与主要构造带或地震活动带一致时 ,其断层垂直运动的平均速率较高 ;在区块与条带相交或相邻的情况下 ,条带上比区块的断层平均活动速率明显偏高     

华北1999—2009年水平形变应变场特征

根据华北地区GPS观测数据计算了华北活动块体的运动速度和应变率,以及块体边界带的活动速率和应变率,研究了华北块体的运动和应变率特征,以及边界断裂带的应力作用特征。形变揭示出华北亚板块从西向东运动方向由东向偏转为南东向,NE NNE向断裂带呈现右旋,NWW EW向断裂带呈现左旋。各个次级块体的主压应变应力轴方向存在一定的差异。边界断裂带现今应变应力状态页不相同,郯庐断裂带北段和山西断陷带以压性为主,具有应变能积累显示,但是应变率相对较小,应变能积累缓慢。     

郯庐断裂带中南段重磁特征与深部构造

郯庐断裂带是中国东部地球物理场的分界线。它在磁场上呈现出一条NNE向线性正磁异常带,它的重力场特征表现为规模较大的布格重力异常梯度带。在断裂带的两侧,其区域磁场、区域重力场无论是场值大小,还是异常规模以及各异常的展布形态等诸方面都具有明显的区别。地球物理特征揭示郯庐断裂带深部构造,为研究重点矿产分布规律及地震灾害预报具有重要的实际意义。     

汾渭断陷带均衡重力异常研究

本文研究了汾渭断陷带均衡重力异常分布特征与地壳表、浅层结构，新构造运动和现代构造运动，以及均衡重力异常与地震活动性之间的关系。结果表明：局部均衡重力异常分布特征与出露地表的岩石密度和地质构造特征存在明显对应关系，区域均衡重力异常特征反映了本区新构造运动和现代构造运动不是朝着地壳趋于均衡方向发展，而具有反均衡力的特征；不同方向异常带交汇的地方，现今构造运动最强烈，是强震多发区。     

麻城1932年6．0级地震区地球物理场与深部环境研究

研究了麻城地区重、磁异常场特征，经反演计算获得了深部结构特征。对重力布格异常利用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ－Ｏｌｄｅｎｂｕｒｇ快速位场反演方法计算出莫霍面的展布，对航磁异常利用对数功率谱法和矩谱法计算出居里面深度。在此基础上，探讨该震区深部蕴震条件。主要结论是：①麻城－团凤断裂带为该区切割较深的主要控震构造；②１９３２年麻城６．０级地震发生在区域重力异常等值线梯度最大处，磁力异常区两局部正异常间的低值带，莫霍面及居里面隆起区边缘；③发震部位有其特定的深部蕴震构造及应力蕴震条件。     

Relationship between North Pacific SST anomalies and the atmospheric circulation anomalies in January 2008

Based on the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) data, the relationship between the Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Pacific and the atmospheric circulation anomalies in January 2008 is analyzed in this study. The SSTA mode most correlated with the Geopotential Height anomalies (GHAs) in January 2008 in the North Pacific exhibited a basin-wide horseshoe pattern with a warm center in November 2007. This persistent SSTA pattern would induce positive GHAs in the Aleutian Low area and East Asia and the northward extension of the West Pacific Subtropical High in January 2008 by maximum diabatic heating in the atmosphere over the Kuroshio Oyashio Extension (KOE) area, leading to the occurence of the circumpolar trough-ridge wave train anomaly in January 2008.     

Combined analysis of gravity and magnetic anomalies using normalized source strength

The traditional combined gravity and magnetic analysis uses the linear regression of the first order vertical derivative of the gravity anomaly and the reduction to the pole ( RTP) magnetic anomaly, and provides the quantitative or semi-quantitative interpretation by calculating the correlation coefficient, slope, and inter-cept.In the calculation process, due to the remanent magnetization, the RTP anomaly still contains the effect of oblique magnetization, as a result, the homologous gravity and magnetic anomalies may display irrelevant results in the linear regression calculation.To solve this problem, we present a new combined analysis using normal-ized source strength ( NSS ) .Based on the Poisson's relation, the gravity field can be transformed into the pseudomagnetic field of the direction of geomagnetic field magnetization under the homologous condition.The NSS of the pseudomagnetic field and that of the original magnetic field are calculated, which are insensitive to the remanence, and then the linear regression analysis is carried out.The approach is tested using synthetic model under complex magnetization, the results show that it can still identify the gravity and magnetic anomalies from same source under strong remanence, and can establish the Poisson's ratio.Finally, this approach is ap-plied in Wudalianchi in China.The results demonstrated that this approach is feasible and can provide the ref-erence for further data processing and interpretation.     

Remote forcing of Indian Ocean warming on Northwest Pacific during El Niño decaying years: a FOAM model approach

This paper attempts to analyze in detail the remote influence of the Indian Ocean Basin warming on the Northwest Pacific (NWP) during the year of decaying El Niño. Observation data and the Fast Ocean-Atmosphere coupled Model 1.5 were used to investigate the triggering conditions under which the remote influence is formed between the positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the North Indian Ocean and the Anomalous Northwest Pacific anticyclone (ANWPA). Our research show that it is only when there is a contributory background wind field over the Indian Ocean, i.e., when the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) reaches its peak, that the warmer SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean incites significant easterly wind anomalies in the lower atmosphere of the Indo-West tropical Pacific. This then produces the remote influence on the ANWPA. Therefore, the SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean might interfere with the prediction of the East Asia Summer Monsoon in the year of decaying El Niño. Both the sustaining effect of local negative SST anomalies in the NWP, and the remote effect of positive SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean on the ANWPA, should be considered in further research.     

Influences of two types of El Ni?o event on the Northwest Pacific and tropical Indian Ocean SST anomalies

Based on the Had ISST1 and NCEP datasets,we investigated the influences of the central Pacific El Ni?o event(CP-EL)and eastern Pacific El Ni?o event(EP-EL)on the Sea Surface Temperature(SST)anomalies of the Tropical Indian Ocean.Considering the remote ef fect of Indian Ocean warming,we also discussed the anticyclone anomalies over the Northwest Pacific,which is very important for the South China precipitation and East Asian climate.Results show that during the El Ni?o developing year of EP-EL,cold SST anomalies appear and intensify in the east of tropical Indian Ocean.At the end of that autumn,all the cold SST anomaly events lead to the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)events.Basin uniform warm SST anomalies exist in the Indian Ocean in the whole summer of EL decaying year for both CP-and EP-ELs.However,considering the statistical significance,more significant warm SST anomalies only appear in the North Indian Ocean among the June and August of EP-EL decaying year.For further research,EP-EL accompany with Indian Ocean Basin Warming(EPI-EL)and CP El Ni?o accompany with Indian Ocean Basin Warming(CPI-EL)events are classified.With the remote ef fects of Indian Ocean SST anomalies,the EPI-and CPI-ELs contribute quite differently to the Northwest Pacific.For the EPI-EL developing year,large-scale warm SST anomalies arise in the North Indian Ocean in May,and persist to the autumn of the El Ni?o decaying year.However,for the CPI-EL,weak warm SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean maintain to the El Ni?o decaying spring.Because of these different SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean,distinct zonal SST gradient,atmospheric anticyclone and precipitation anomalies emerge over the Northwest Pacific in the El Ni?o decaying years.Specifically,the large-scale North Indian Ocean warm SST anomalies during the EPI-EL decaying years,can persist to summer and force anomalous updrafts and rainfall over the North Indian Ocean.The atmospheric heating caused by this precipitation anomaly emulates atmospheric Kelvin waves accompanied by low level easterly anomalies over the Northwest Pacific.As a result,a zonal SST gradient with a warm anomaly in the west and a cold anomaly in the east of Northwest Pacific is generated locally.Furthermore,the atmospheric anticyclone and precipitation anomalies over the Northwest Pacific are strengthened again in the decaying summer of EPI-EL.Af fected by the local WindEvaporation-SST(WES)positive feedback,the suppressed East Asian summer rainfall then persists to the late autumn during EPI-EL decaying year,which is much longer than that of CPI-EL.     

甘肃及附近地区断层形变异常特征的综合提取与震例总结

基于20世纪80年代以来的跨断层短水准资料,利用“点-线-面”相结合的研究方法,全面分析甘肃地区1990~2016年8次5.5级以上地震的震前应变背景、断层活动和短期形变异常的时空演化特征。结果显示,多个地震震前不同层面上出现如下典型的异常特征：1）地震往往发生在垂直形变累积率的高值区或差异显著的高梯度带上,震前出现有序的形变场分布;2）震前不同断裂带之间或断裂带的不同段之间常存在显著的运动差异,发震断裂震前中短期运动速率显著增强,造成区域运动的不均衡;3）随着强震的逼近,显著异常场地在空间分布上明显向近震区迁移和集中,或近震源区的一些跨断层场地异常强度逐渐增大。地震震前典型异常的时、空、强演化特征说明,断层运动失稳前,近震区附近断层活动、应力应变场均有一定程度的显现,地震发生前断层活动存在不同往常的失稳波动现象,应力出现向近震源区传递的特征。     

“海上丝绸之路”主要海域热带气旋时空分布特征及其危险性

热带气旋作为一种海上灾害性天气,对“海上丝绸之路”海上航运影响重大。本文基于西北太平洋和北印度洋1990—2017年的热带气旋路径数据,结合热带气旋风场参数模型,利用缓冲区分析、叠加分析等GIS空间分析技术,系统研究了“海上丝绸之路”主要海域、主要海区、关键通道受热带气旋影响频次以及热带气旋危险性的时空分布特征。主要结论：① “海上丝绸之路”主要海域受热带气旋影响严重,表现在热带气旋影响范围广、影响频次高,其中西北太平洋较北印度洋受热带气旋影响更为严重,危险性更大;② 西北太平洋的15°N—30°N,120°E-—145°E海域热带气旋危险性最高;③ 热带气旋危险性季节变化较为明显,秋夏两季危险性较高,冬春两季危险性较低,在夏秋两季各月份中,7、8、9、10月危险最高;④ 在各海区中,中国东部海区热带气旋危险最高,其次是南海、日本海、孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海,而红海和波斯湾不受热带气旋影响;在各关键通道中,吕宋海峡热带气旋危险性最高,其次是台湾海峡、对马海峡、宗谷海峡、鞑靼海峡、保克海峡、霍尔木兹海峡,而马六甲海峡和曼德海峡无热带气旋危险。