Geochemical gradients in soil O-horizon samples from southern Norway: Natural or anthropogenic?

Forty soil O- and C-horizon samples were collected along a south-to-north transect extending inland for approximately 200 km from the southern tip of Norway. The elements As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, W, Zn and Zr all show a distinct decrease in concentration in soil O-horizons with increasing distance from the coast. The elements showing the strongest coastal enrichment, some by more than an order of magnitude compared to inland samples, are Au, Bi, As, Pb, Sb and Sn. Furthermore, the elements Cd (median O-/median C-horizon = 31), C, Sb, Ag, K, S, Ge (10), Hg, Pb, As, Bi, Sr (5), Se, Au, Ba, Na, Zn, P, Cu and Sn (2) are all strongly enriched in the O-horizon when compared to the underlying C-horizon. Lead isotope ratios, however, do not show any gradient with distance from the coast (declining Pb concentration). Along a 50 km topographically steep east–west transect in the centre of the survey area, far from the coast but crossing several vegetation zones, similar element enrichment patterns and concentration gradients can be observed in the O-horizon. Lead isotope ratios in the O-horizon correlate along both transects with pH and the C/N-ratio, both proxies for the quality of the organic material. Natural conditions in southern Norway, related to climate and vegetation, rather than long range atmospheric transport of air pollutants (LRT), cause the observed features.     

Element concentrations and variations along a 120-km transect in southern Norway – Anthropogenic vs. geogenic vs. biogenic element sources and cycles

Rock samples and the C-, B- and O-horizons of soils developed on these rocks were collected in forested areas along a 120-km south–north transect in southern Norway, passing through the city of Oslo. Forty samples (1 site/3 km) were analysed for 37 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W and Zn) following an aqua regia digestion; pH (water extract) and loss on ignition were also determined. The O-horizon soils were additionally analysed for Pt. Gold is the only element that shows a clear anthropogenic peak in the O-horizon soils collected from the city of Oslo. Silver, Au, Bi, Cd, Hg, Pb, S, Sb, Se and Sr all show a strong enrichment in the O-horizon when compared to the underlying C-horizon or the bedrock along the full length of the transect. Neither geology nor anthropogenic input of elements dominate the observed patterns. The most important factors for the observed element concentrations in the O-horizon are weathering, uptake (or rejection) of elements by plants and the kinetics of decay of the organic material in the O-horizon. Climate, especially temperature and precipitation, has an important influence on the formation and decay rates of the organic soil layer. Acid precipitation will delay the decomposition of the organic layer and lead to a natural enrichment of several metals in the O-horizon. Land use change, deforestation and liming can all increase the decay kinetics of organic matter and thus result in a release of the stored element pool.     

Selective chemical extraction of heavy metals in tailings and soils contaminated by mining activity: Environmental implications

Total concentrations of chemical elements in soils may not be enough to understand the mobility and bioavailability of the elements. It is important to characterise the degree of association of chemical elements in different physical and chemical phases of soil. Another geochemical characterisation methodology is to apply sequential selective chemical extraction techniques. A seven-step sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate the mobility and retention behaviour of Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, Mo, Cd, Bi, Sn, W, Ag, As and U in specific physical–chemical and mineral phases in mine tailings and soils in the surroundings of the abandoned Ervedosa mine. The soil geochemical data show anomalies associated with mineralised veins or influenced by mining. Beyond the tailings, the highest recorded concentrations for most elements are in soils situated in mineralised areas or under the influence of tailings. The application of principal components analysis allowed recognition of (a) element associations according to their geochemical behaviour and (b) distinction between samples representing local geochemical background and samples representing contamination. Some metal cations (Mn, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni) showed important enrichment in the most mobilisable and bioavailable (i.e., water-soluble and exchangeable) fractions due likely to the acidic conditions in the area. In contrast, oxy-anions such as Mo and As showed lower mobility because of adsorption to Fe oxy-hydroxides. The residual fraction comprised largest proportions of Sn and Al and to a lesser extent Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Bi, W, and Ag, which are also present at low concentrations in the bioavailable fractions. The elements in secondary mineral phases (mainly Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, W, Bi, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co, As and U) as well as in organic matter and sulphides are temporarily withheld, suggesting that they may be released to the environment by changes in physico-chemical conditions.     

Distribution of some elements in surface soil over the Kavadarci region,Republic of Macedonia

The results of a first systematic study of spatial distribution of different elements in surface soil over of the Kavadarci region, Republic of Macedonia, known for its nickel industrial activity are reported. The investigated region (360 km²) is covered by a sampling grid of 2 × 2 km²; whereas the sampling grid of 1 × 1 km² was applied in the urban zone and around the ferronickel smelter plant (117 km²). In total 344 soil samples from 172 locations were collected. At each sampling point soil samples were collected at two depths, topsoil (0–5 cm) and bottom soil (20–30 cm). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied for the determination of 36 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mn, Na, Mg, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, Tl, Ti, U, V, W and Zn). Data analysis and construction of maps were performed using the Paradox (ver. 9), Statistica (ver. 6.1), AutoDesk Map (ver. 2008) and Surfer (ver. 8.09) software. Four geogenic and three anthropogenic geochemical associations were established. Within the research, natural and anthropogenic enrichment with heavy metals was determined. Principally, the natural enrichment is related especially to Ni. Pollution by As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb and Zn is basically insignificant.     

Baseline geochemical mapping of Sardinia (Italy)

A total of about 20,000 stream sediment samples from about 13,000 km² were collected in Sardinia and analysed for eleven elements (Ag, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn) by Ente Minerario Sardo (EMS), aimed at mineral exploration. We have reutilized 16,890 samples (covering an area of 7987 km²) of the above data to compile geochemical baseline maps for all single elements as well as maps showing the regional variability of factor scores resulting from R-mode factor analysis. This type of maps has a particular relevance to environmental issues, especially in a region such as Sardinia which has been mined since pre-Roman times.     

Ground-water geochemistry in the abitibi volcanic belt of quebec

Large sections of the Abitibi volcanic belt of Archean age are covered by thick glacial and glacio-lacustrine overburden. To increase our knowledge of the geology and the economic potential of the basement, approximately 5000 ground-water samples were collected from wells, springs and drill holes over an area of about 20 000 km². Samples were collected at intervals varying from 150 to 500 m in settled areas. They were analysed for: Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Mo, Hg, As, U, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Li, F, and Cl⁻ and pH.Several types of regional and local geochemical patterns were identified. However, since the apparent dispersion distance of trace elements from a point source is usually less than 1 km in ground waters, the local zones of geochemical activity having an area less than 15 km² are considered of greatest interest for exploration. The large regional patterns and geochemical complexes which consist of clusters of grouped, overlapping, and superimposed regional and local patterns are presumed to be related to particular geological or metallogenic contexts.The elements with the highest frequency of occurrence in the 240 identified local zones of geochemical activity are As, Ni and U which occur in more than 30% of these zones; they are closely followed by the groups Co, Cu, Mo and Zn, Hg, Pb, F⁻ which occur respectively in more than 25% and 20% of the zones. Element associations in these zones can be broken down into three major groups: the trace metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Cd, Mo), the major and associated elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Li, F⁻, Cl⁻) and the elements As, U and Ni which occur with elements of either of the first two groups.Ground-water samples were also collected in 21 mines. The results of this study suggest that the best indicator elements for base metal deposits are As, Mo and F, whereas As, Ni, F⁻ or Cl⁻ and Mn are the best indicators of gold deposits.The results of the ground-water survey have identified numerous new areas to explore. Anomalous concentrations of at least two of the best indicators occur in more than 33% of the 240 local zones of geochemical activity.     

R型聚类分析在成矿阶段划分中的应用-以桦甸大庙子-菜抢子金矿区为例

大庙子—菜抢子金矿区主要矿石类型有含金黄铁矿型和含金多金属型,对两类矿石研究表明金赋存于黄铁矿和交代、穿切黄铁矿的黄铜矿中,主要与黄铁矿有关。采用相关系数法、距离系数法及离差平方和法对38件矿石样品中的Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Bi元素进行R型聚类分群,结果为Au Bi、Ag Zn Cu Co Pb Ni二群。本矿区中金主要形成于金-黄铁矿阶段,少量形成于金-多金属阶段。     

Reconnaissance geochemistry of the nechako plateau, British Columbia, using lake sediments

A lake sediment geochemical survey was undertaken over the Nechako plateau, British Columbia, to test application of the technique to regional exploration and compare its effectiveness with results obtained elsewhere. Organic-rich lake sediment samples were collected towards the centre of approximately 500 lakes on a helicopter-assisted survey covering some 16,000 km². Lakes overlying each of five major lithologies contain a distinctive suite of trace metals. Regional variations of Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Sr, Ba, Ag, Co, V and Ga can be related to differences in underlying geology. In addition, levels of Cu, Mo, Pb and Zn which exceed their regional thresholds are related to mineralization or lithologies favourable to mineralization. Although metal concentrations within a lake may vary up to 12x, anomalous conditions are not masked by this variability and the survey outlined all major sulphide occurrences known in the region.     

兰坪盆地白秧坪Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿集区元素共生分异机制及物质来源

兰坪白秧坪Cu-Ag多金属矿集区夹持于金沙江和澜沧江断裂之间,属兰坪-思茅中新生代坳陷带之兰坪盆地北部,可分东矿带和西矿带二部分。本文通过对白秧坪金属矿集区东西2个矿带的矿石矿物电子探针分析、成矿元素含量和组合分析及S同位素的讨论得出:(1)东西2个矿带矿石矿物组合类型及微量元素组合特征具明显不同,前者矿石矿物组分较为简单,西带较为复杂,不仅有Pb、Zn和Cu的独立矿物,还存在Co和Bi的矿物;(2)东矿带Ag、As、Cd、Pb、Sb和Zn的富集从南到北依次减弱,Bi的富集依次增强,Cu的富集趋势越往北越富集,亏损元素为Co、Cr、Ni和V;西矿带Ag、Pb、Zn的富集属吴底厂和李子坪矿段最富集,而Cu则在小丫口和白秧坪矿段最富集。亏损元素为Ba、Co、Cr、Ni和V,但各个矿段这些元素的亏损程度有所不同,有的矿段部分元素有稍富集趋势;(3)Co、Ni和Cr等微量元素西带高于东带,而Sr、Pb、Zn和Ba元素则东带高于西带,与各自的矿物组合类型一致,且元素的共生分异机制与构造分带存在一定的耦合关系;(4)兰坪盆地火山岩为白秧坪多金属矿集区提供了主要物源,Mo、Co和Ni等元素显示其成矿可能与隐伏基性-超基性岩浆有关的深部来源有关;S同位素特征表明东西矿带金属硫化物硫源均以幔源为主。     

热带雨林景观区土壤测量的应用效果

老挝中部、北部热带雨林地区的大地构造位置大致处于北西向长山岩浆—构造带和北东向琅布拉邦岩浆—构造带的交汇部位。该区域地表土壤测量分析表明,Cu与Pb、Zn、Ag、Sn、Mo、Sb、Hg、As、Cd、Co、B i总体呈共消长关系,为最佳元素组合。本区Cu、Pb、Zn等主要成矿元素沿花岗岩与灰岩接触带分布,Cu、Pb、Zn相关性不大并具有明显的分带性,Cu分布于接触带靠近花岗岩一侧,Pb、Zn分布于接触带靠近灰岩一侧,共伴生组分Mo、Sn、B i、Ag、Cd等异常明显。本区的元素组合可划分为5类:①Cu与Ag;②Pb与B i;③Zn与Cd;④Sn与Mo;⑤Sb与Hg、As。从元素分布特征看,本区具有矽卡岩的成矿特征,同时又可能有斑岩成矿的潜力。     

青海北祁连冷龙岭地区水系沉积物元素地球化学特征及异常圈定

青海冷龙岭地区位于北祁连成矿段的东段,是形成与海相火山岩有关的块状硫化物矿床及岩浆热液型矿床的有利地区,具有良好的找矿潜力。在1∶5万水系沉积物测量成果的基础上,对青海冷龙岭地区Au、Cu、Pb、Zn等17种元素的地球化学特征进行了初步分析,发现本区Ag、Pb、Zn、W、Sn、Bi、Mo、Ba、Cd等元素丰度明显高于青海省及祁连地区水系沉积物的平均丰度值;元素分布特征显示下奥陶统阴沟群除Hg、La、Ce相对贫化外,各元素都呈现不同程度的浓集,加里东期侵入岩中Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Au、Sn、Bi等元素富集程度较高,海西期正长岩内Ba、La、Ce等元素富集程度较为显著;R型聚类分析和因子分析显示区内的主要成矿元素组合为Cu Pb Ag Mo Ba La Ce,Au具有独立成矿的潜力。结合元素地球化学参数及富集离散特征,认为本区Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、La、Ce等元素具有一定的找矿潜力。本次工作共圈定8个综合异常。根据研究区成矿地质背景、异常特征及查证成果,与该区域内浪力克铜矿床和青分岭金矿床的地质地球化学特征对比研究后,优选出干沙河和三道路圈—倒阳河2个成矿远景区。     

甘肃北山前红泉地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿方向

前人在研究区开展过1∶20万水系沉积物测量及重砂测量,但受比例尺限制,异常面积过大,查证目标不够明确,找矿效果不佳。本次通过对前红泉地区开展1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,初步总结了该区地球化学特征,根据元素组合特征、成矿地质条件等圈定出综合异常10处;在分析综合异常特征、异常检查情况及成矿潜力的基础上划分了成矿远景区4个,分别为受断裂和韧性剪切带控制的万岁山金成矿远景区、黑山头金多金属成矿远景区、与基性岩有关的帐房山铜钴镍成矿远景区及受酸性岩体内构造裂隙控制的红柳疙瘩钨成矿远景区;在成矿远景区内优选出找矿靶区4处,并提出了下一步找矿工作的建议。     

Geochemical and Environmental Evaluation of Um Shashoba Gold Mine Area,Southeastern Desert,Egypt

A suite of elements(Ag,Au,Ba,Bi,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Ga,Hf,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Rb,Sb,Se, Sr,Te and Zn),total organic carbon(TOC)and pH were analyzed in stream sediment and tailing samples from Um Shashoba area,in order to evaluate Au placer and the sediments being impacted by old mining activities.Analytical results were examined using statistical,graphical and mapping methods.In spite of the results revealing that Au and most of the elements in sediments were in general significantly lower than those in tailing,Au wa...     

Pedo-geochemical baseline content levels and soil quality reference values of trace elements in soils from the Mediterranean (Castilla La Mancha, Spain)

To evaluate trace element soil contamination, geochemical baseline contents and reference values need to be established. Pedo-geochemical baseline levels of trace elements in 72 soil samples of 24 soil profiles from the Mediterranean, Castilla La Mancha, are assessed and soil quality reference values are calculated. Reference value contents (in mg kg^?1) were: Sc 50.8; V 123.2; Cr 113.4; Co 20.8; Ni 42.6; Cu 27.0; Zn 86.5; Ga 26.7; Ge 1.3; As 16.7; Se 1.4; Br 20.1; Rb 234.7; Sr 1868.4; Y 38.3; Zr 413.1; Nb 18.7; Mo 2.0; Ag 7.8; Cd 4.4; Sn 8.7; Sb 5.7; I 25.4; Cs 14.2; Ba 1049.3; La 348.4; Ce 97.9; Nd 40.1; Sm 10.7; Yb 4.2; Hf 10.0; Ta 4.0; W 5.5; Tl 2.3; Pb 44.2; Bi 2.2; Th 21.6; U 10.3. The contents obtained for some elements are below or close to the detection limit: Co, Ge, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Tl and Bi. The element content ranges (the maximum value minus the minimum value) are: Sc 55.0, V 196.0, Cr 346.0, Co 64.4, Ni 188.7, Cu 49.5, Zn 102.3, Ga 28.7, Ge 1.5, As 26.4, Se 0.9, Br 33.0 Rb 432.7, Sr 3372.6, Y 39.8, Zr 523.2, Nb 59.7, Mo 3.9, Ag 10.1, Cd 1.8, Sn 75.2, Sb 9.9, I 68.0, Cs 17.6, Ba 1394.9, La 51.3, Ce 93.5, Nd 52.5, Sm 11.2, Yb 4.2, Hf 11.3, Ta 6.3, W 5.2, Tl 2.1, Pb 96.4, Bi 3.0, Th 24.4, U 16.4 (in mg kg^?1). The spatial distribution of the elements was affected mainly by the nature of the bedrock and by pedological processes. The upper limit of expected background variation for each trace element in the soil is documented, as is its range as a criterion for evaluating which sites may require decontamination.     

Regional geochemical reconnaissance of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador: economic and environmental applications

A regional geochemical reconnaissance survey of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador was initiated in 1995 as a sub-component of a wider Mining Development and Environmental Control Technical Assistance Project (PRODEMINCA) in Ecuador. The 36,000 km² survey area encompasses oceanic and continental-margin volcano-sedimentary terranes with known occurrences of porphyry-style Cu-Mo, exhalative massive sulphide, epithermal Au and mesothermal polymetallic mineralisation. A survey sample medium of <177 μm stream sediments was selected following an orientation study in the vicinity of known porphyry Cu mineralisation. In the 2–4°S sector of the Cordillera Occidental for which data are presented, 4850 drainage samples were collected at an average density of 1 per 2.57 km². All were analysed for 36 major and trace elements (Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Ni, Co, Cd, Bi, As, Sb, Fe, Hg, Mn, Te, Ba, Cr, V, Sn, W, La, Al, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Sr, Y, Ga, Li, Nb, Sc, Ta, Ti, Zr). A stringent quality-control procedure included the systematic analysis of certified reference samples, field duplicates and replicates, data for which were used to calculate analytical precision, temporal drift and practical detection limits. Results for this part of the cordillera highlight the contrasting lithogeochemical signatures of the ocean-floor basalt terrane (Pallatanga Unit), the island-arc terrane of the Macuchi Unit, the continental volcanics of the Saraguro Group and the acid and intermediate lavas extruded from the Late Miocene to the Quaternary. Regional geochemical images for Au and associated pathfinder elements are dominated by anomalies relating to known mines and prospects. New exploration targets, often inconspicuous at the regional scale, have however been identified through the normalisation of data for individual lithological units against their respective geochemical backgrounds. In addition to mineral exploration, the drainage geochemical dataset for the Cordillera Occidental provides an unparalleled environmental baseline against which the impacts of future anthropogenic activities (including mining) may be assessed. A basis for the formulation of pragmatic sediment quality criteria and for the identification of natural geochemical hazards is also provided.     

五台山—恒山绿岩带Au-Ag-Cu成矿作用地球化学特征

五台山—恒山绿岩带Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ矿床可分为二大类型：（１）再生型金银铜矿，产在包括岩浆岩在内的各类岩石断裂构造中，与岩浆期后热液有关；（２）变生型金银铜矿，产于各类变质岩中，具有层控特征（即绿岩型金矿）。在地球化学特征上，再生型矿床与变生型矿床相比，矿体及围岩中Ｍｏ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等成矿及伴生元素明显富集；Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｈ、Ｕ也明显富集，是后期岩浆热液作用的结果；Ｈｇ、Ｆ的明显富集则与后期构造活动有关；Ｚｎ／Ｃｄ比值较低，说明受到后期岩浆侵入影响；Ｔｈ／Ｕ比值低，可能指示富钙的酸性岩环境。再生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合为Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ、Ａｇ、Ｓｂ、Ａｕ、Ｈｇ（Ｂｉ），再生型Ａｇ矿化的元素组合为Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ａｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ（Ｍｏ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｂｉ），变生型Ａｕ矿化的元素组合较简单，只为Ａｕ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ或Ａｕ、Ｃｕ。上述地球化学特征不仅可以有效地区分矿化类型，而且可以作为地球化学找矿和评价的指标     

浙江火山岩区金矿床黄铁矿的找矿矿物学研究

论文给出了中国浙江火山岩区金矿床中黄铁矿的微量元素、形态和物理性质找矿标型特征.例如.(在许多)浙江火山岩区重要金-银矿床中黄铁矿相对富含铅、锌、钼、锡、砷、锑、铋而贫钴,镍、硒、碲:并且S/Se、Ag/Au、Pb/Ni、Se/Te、(As+sb+Bi)/(Se+Te)比值较高,Co/Nj、Ag/Pb、Ag/Zn、Cu/Zn和(Co+Ni)/(Pb+Zn)比值较低,再如含金黄铁矿比不含金黄铁矿的反射率低.总之,黄铁矿的标型性研究对于寻找金矿具有重大的理论意义和实际意义.     

招远大尹格庄金矿床微量元素特征及其意义

该文以山东招远大尹格庄金矿床中微量元素为研究对象,通过对矿床围岩、矿石等微量元素的研究,表明大尹格庄金矿围岩中微量元素以富含 Bi,Au,Pb,W,Ag,Sn 为特点,矿体和矿化体中元素组合为 Au,Ag,As,Sb,Hg,B, Cu,Zn,Bi,Mo,Mn,Co,Ni,W。在5个成矿阶段中,第二阶段与第三阶段微量元素的富集程度较明显,表现为 Au, Ag,As,Co,Bi,Cu,Pb,Zn 等的富集,成矿元素可分为2个分带序列,主成矿元素为 Au Ag Cu Pb Zn Bi 组合、头晕元素 As Sb Hg 组合和尾晕元素 Co Ni 组合。     

三江北段地球化学特征研究

根据“三江”地区北段1:20万区域地球化学勘查资料,结合区域地质背景,对该区元古宇至新生界地层和不同岩体的地球化学特征进行了较为全面的分析.本区主要成矿元素为As、Au、Cd、Hg、Ni、Sb、Ag、Cr、Pb、Sn、W、Zn、Cu;岩体中的Ag、Pb、Sn、Cd、Zn主要与中基性火山活动有关,而Cu、Mo、Bi、Au的成矿作用主要与中酸性岩浆活动关系密切;在新生代地层中Cu含量比岩体中的高,Au含量在中生代岩体中远远大于其他时代的岩体,因而这些地层和岩体最有可能成为矿质来源.     

云南澜沧县三岔河坝子勘查区土壤地球化学特征

选择云南省澜沧县三岔河坝子铅锌矿勘查区的西部,在前期1︰25 000土壤地球化学勘查的基础上,按100m×40m网度开展1︰10 000土壤地球化学测量。分析Au,Ag,As,Co,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn,Mo,Mn 11个元素,选取主要指示元素Pb,Zn,Ag,Cu,Mo异常区进行分析后,划分了10个组合元素异常区,圈定出9个靶区,包括1个A类靶区,5个B类靶区和3个C类靶区。