一种特殊类型的云英岩:湘南香花岭地区癞子岭云英岩成岩成矿特征

癞子岭岩体具有极好的垂向分带性,从下部到顶部包括了花岗岩、云英岩和伟晶岩,其中云英岩以其厚度巨大,云母类型属于铁锂云母,黄玉含量高,W-Sn-Nb-Ta含量高,而区别于其他地区云英岩。通过对癞子岭云英岩进行岩石学、地球化学和矿物学的研究,本文得出:癞子岭云英岩是高硅的强过铝质岩石类型,全碱含量低(3~4.3 wt%),富集挥发组分,全岩Zr/Hf(~8)和Nb/Ta(~1.7)比值低。造岩矿物铁锂云母中Nb(~74×10~(-6))、Ta(~66×10~(-6))、W(~23×10~(-6))、Sn(~75×10~(-6))等成矿元素含量较高。副矿物锆石自形且成分均一,含有HfO_2约10 wt%,Zr/Hf比值最低为5,与云英岩下部的癞子岭钠长花岗岩中的锆石成分有连续过渡的关系。这些特征与南岭地区高演化稀有金属花岗岩或伟晶岩相当,体现了相近的演化程度。癞子岭云英岩中有明显的Nb-Ta-W-Sn成矿作用发生,主要形成铌铁矿族矿物、锡石和黑钨矿,成分和结构均具有岩浆成因特征。花岗质熔体中含有大量挥发组分Li和F,结晶出黄玉和Li-F云母,F在稀有金属的成矿作用和云英岩的成岩过程中发挥了非常重要的作用,成矿作用发生在岩浆演化的晚期并伴随有流体作用。因此,云英岩可能是钠长花岗岩高度分异演化之后的特殊产物,这为研究花岗岩岩浆-热液体系成岩成矿过程提供了新的窗口。     

论岩浆成因的黄玉单矿物岩

业已在自然界发现中深成相，超浅成相和良好封闭相的岩浆成因黄玉单矿物岩，拥有宏观，微观岩浆成因标志，得到有关富挥发分酸性岩体成岩，成矿实验成果的有力佐证，属一类新的岩浆岩。这类岩石的分类实践表明，它们宜归入岩浆成的云英岩类范畴。有理由预见，自然界存在有黄玉单矿物岩的火山类似物，尚待发现与研究。     

黄玉碱长花岗岩及其矿床

黄玉碱长花岗岩是华南地区主要成矿母岩之一.其岩石学特征有别于正常花岗岩.产于这类岩体中的稀有和有色金属矿床,目前可以划分十个工业类型.岩体地质和矿床学研究资料表明,矿石矿物以副矿物的形式存在岩体中.成岩和成矿作用在黄玉花岗岩浆结晶分异的统一过程中同时发生.这类矿床应归属岩浆矿床.     

云英岩的蚀变类型、蚀变带序和成岩格子

云英岩主要是由白云母、石英、黄玉、电气石、萤石以及锡石、黑钨矿等矿物组成的浅色蚀变岩石。本文只讨论主要由白云母、石英、黄玉、锂电气石和萤石所组成的云英岩的蚀变类型、蚀变带序、蚀变带和成岩格子。     

云英岩的蚀变类型、蚀变带序和成岩格子

云英岩主要是由白云母、石英、黄玉、电气石、萤石以及锡石、黑钨矿等矿物组成的浅色蚀变岩石。本文只讨论主要由白云母、石英、黄玉、锂电气石和萤石所组成的云英岩的蚀变类型、蚀变带序、蚀变带和成岩格子。     

大义山岩体内云英岩化电气石化的找矿意义

大义山复式岩体内发育的云英岩脉和电英岩脉,锡矿化较强。而鳞云母黄玉云英岩、电气石云英岩、白云母云英岩、电英岩、蚀变细粒花岗岩、云英岩－似伟晶岩,亦与锡多金属矿密切有关。显而易见,云英岩化和电气石化是大义山岩体内锡矿的最佳找矿标志。     

湖南瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床成矿系统

湖南瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床是南岭成矿带具有代表性的矿床。长期以来,对脉型钨矿床的成矿岩体特征及各种不同类型矿化的空间与演化关系一直存在争论。文章以瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床为研究对象,在野外地质调查的基础上,针对成矿岩体、含钨石英脉及与之相关的矿化开展地质地球化学研究工作,探讨了岩浆-热液演化过程中形成的各类矿化现象,从而建立了脉型钨矿床成矿系统。在瑶岗仙钨矿床中,成矿地质体即成矿花岗岩为碱长花岗岩,主要矿化类型包括岩浆岩型、云英岩析离体、云英岩脉、石英脉和毒砂黄玉层等,分布于岩体顶部接触带附近。成矿作用可划分为岩浆晚期阶段、岩浆热液过渡阶段、岩浆期后热液阶段,岩浆岩型矿石形成于岩浆晚期,云英岩析离体和云英岩脉等形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段,石英脉和毒砂黄玉层主要形成于热液阶段,岩浆阶段→热液阶段的演化是连续的。成矿花岗岩侵位深度约为2~3 km,提供了主要成矿物质与成矿流体。成矿系统相对封闭,外来成矿物质和流体较少,含钨石英脉主要以快速充填的形式形成于岩浆固结之后。瑶岗仙矿床含钨石英脉控制垂深达1300 m,"五层楼"垂向分带不明显,顶部未出现细脉带和线脉带,而在石英大脉的顶部出现横向交代形成的毒砂黄玉层。研究表明,瑶岗仙矿区脉型钨矿床成矿系统保存较完整,代表系统顶部的毒砂黄玉层保存完好,剥蚀水平正好达到岩体顶部。     

湘南某地黄玉岩的地质、地球化学

本文报导了湘南某地黄玉岩的地质产状、岩石化学、微量元素、包裹体测温,主要组成矿物(黄玉、锡石、电气石、毒砂)的化学成分。同时也介绍了黄玉岩的主岩(大义山岩体)的岩石类型、岩石化学、微量元素及副矿物特征。 通过与国内外富黄玉的各类岩石比较,作者认为,这是在我国第一次发现的一种岩石,它们是富挥发组分(尤其是F、B)的残余岩浆的结晶产物。 黄玉岩的研究资料,对于认识花岗岩浆的分异演化机理、锡矿化与花岗岩类的成因联系及锡矿找矿工作都具有一定的意义。     

东疆星星峡地区白石头泉高铷氟花岗岩的特征和成因

新疆哈密白石头泉高铷氟花岗岩体自中心往顶部可分为：淡色花岗岩、天河石花岗岩、黄玉天河石花岗岩和黄玉石英钠长岩等岩相。各岩相之间在矿物成分和结构构造上有着系统的变化。岩体的岩浆可能来自于挤压背景下富含泥质的地槽沉积物的超变质和部分熔融。其成岩作用包括了熔体中的直接结晶和岩浆晚期－期后热液的交代两个过程。高含量的氟对于岩浆的演化起着重要作用。     

巴尔喀什成矿带阿克沙套云英岩型钨钼矿床地质特征与铼-锇同位素测年分析

哈萨克斯坦阿克沙套大型钨钼矿床处于中亚成矿域巴尔喀什成矿带内。该矿床为云英岩型浸染状矿床, 具有云英岩型矿床的典型矿物组合、围岩蚀变、矿体形态和结构构造。矿区产出有伟晶岩、石英长石脉, 含有钨钼矿、石英和黄玉云英岩矿体等。本文对阿克沙套钨钼矿床辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析, 得到辉钼矿模式年龄(平均值)为289.3 Ma, 处在早二叠世。分析认为, 阿克沙套云英岩型钨钼成矿作用是晚石炭世中亚成矿域大规模斑岩型铜钼成矿作用延续的结果, 属中亚造山带海西晚期构造-岩浆活动的产物。      

天然黄玉与辐照改色黄玉的对比研究

利用中子辐照改色法把天然无色黄玉改成蓝色黄玉,对天然黄玉和改色后的蓝黄玉分别进行了常规检测、Ｘ－荧光测试、紫外－可见光谱测试及红外光谱测试研究。结果表明：改色前后黄玉的比重、折射率、成分都没有明显的变化;其紫外－可见光光谱、红外光谱存在一定的差异。这些差异为鉴别天然黄玉与辐照改色黄玉提供了依据。     

湘南香花铺云英伟晶岩研探

湘南香花铺地区产出一类具伟晶结构的云英岩,它们发育有一系列宏观,微观地质特征,充分表明其主要为岩浆结晶作用的直接产物,在已知的岩浆岩及其蚀变岩石中,尚无与之相同或相似的岩性,因此,它们实属一类新发现的火成岩,即云英伟晶岩,本文简要论述产出于香花铺地区云英伟晶岩的地质,地球化学特征;提出了云英传晶岩的分类方案;结合有关成岩实验资料,探了这类岩石的成生机制。     

Genesis of the Proterozoic Mangabeira tin–indium mineralization,Central Brazil: Evidence from geology,petrology, fluid inclusion and stable isotope data

The Mangabeira deposit is the only known Brazilian tin mineralization with indium. It is hosted in the Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Mangabeira within-plate granitic massif, which has geochemical characteristics of NYF fertile granites. The granitic massif is hosted in Archean to Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks (Ticunzal formation), Paleoproterozoic peraluminous granites (Aurumina suite) and a granite–gneiss complex. The mineralized area comprises evolved Li-siderophyllite granite, topaz–albite granite, Li–F-rich mica greisens and a quartz–topaz rock, similar to topazite. Two types of greisens are recognized in the mineralized area: zinnwaldite greisen and Li-rich muscovite greisen, formed by metasomatism of topaz–albite granite and Li-siderophyllite granite, respectively. Cassiterite occurs in the quartz–topaz rock and in the greisens. Indium minerals, such as roquesite (CuInS₂), yanomamite (InAsO₄·2H₂O) and dzhalindite (In(OH₃)), and In-rich cassiterite, sphalerite, stannite group minerals and scorodite are more abundant in the quartz–topaz rock, and are also recognized in albitized biotite granite and in Li-rich muscovite greisen. The host rocks and mineralized zones were subsequently overprinted by the Brasiliano orogenic event.Primary widespread two-phase aqueous and rare coeval aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions are preserved in quartz from the topaz–albite granite, in quartz and topaz from the quartz–topaz rock and in cassiterite from the Li-rich muscovite greisen. Eutectic temperatures are − 25 °C to − 23 °C, allowing modeling of the aqueous fluids in the system H₂O–NaCl(–KCl). Rare three-phase H₂O–NaCl fluid inclusions (45–50 wt.% NaCl equiv.) are restricted to the topaz–albite granite. Salinities and homogenization temperatures of the aqueous and aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions decrease from the topaz–albite granite (15–20 wt.% NaCl equiv.; 400 °C–450 °C), to the quartz–topaz rock (10–15 wt.% NaCl equiv.; 250 °C–350 °C) and to the greisen (0–5 wt.% NaCl equiv.; 200 °C–250 °C). Secondary fluid inclusions have the same range of salinities as the primary fluid inclusions, and homogenize between 150 and 210 °C.The estimated equilibrium temperatures based on δ¹⁸O of quartz–mica pairs are 610–680 °C for the topaz–albite granite and 285–370 °C for the Li-rich muscovite greisens. These data are coherent with measured fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures. Temperatures estimated using arsenopyrite geothermometry yield crystallization temperatures of 490–530 °C for the quartz–topaz rock and 415–505 °C for the zinnwaldite greisens. The fluids in equilibrium with the topaz–albite granite have calculated δ¹⁸O and δD values of 5.6–7.5‰ and − 67 to − 58‰, respectively. Estimated δ¹⁸O and δD values are mainly 4.8–7.9‰ and − 60 to − 30‰, respectively, for the fluids in equilibrium with the quartz–topaz rock and zinnwaldite greisen; and 3.4–3.9‰ and − 25 to − 17‰, respectively, for the Li-rich muscovite greisen fluid. δ³⁴S data on arsenopyrite from the quartz–topaz rock vary from − 1.74 to − 0.74‰, consistent with a magmatic origin for the sulfur. The integration of fluid inclusion with oxygen isotopic data allows for estimation of the minimum crystallization pressure at ca. 770 bar for the host topaz–albite granite, which is consistent with its evolved signature.Based on petrological, fluid inclusion and isotope data it is proposed that the greisens and related Mangabeira Sn–In mineralization had a similar hydrothermal genesis, which involved exsolution of F-rich, Sn–In-bearing magmatic fluids from the topaz–albite granite, early formation of the quartz–topaz rock and zinnwaldite greisen, progressive cooling and Li-rich muscovite greisen formation due to interaction with meteoric water. The quartz–topaz rock is considered to have formed in the magmatic-hydrothermal transition. The mineralizing saline and CO₂-bearing fluids are interpreted to be of magmatic origin, based on the isotopic data and paragenesis, which has been documented as characteristic of the tin mineralization genetically related to Proterozoic within-plate granitic magmatism in the Goias Tin Province, Central Brazil.     

云母、黄玉中F-OH交换平衡及云母+黄玉组合形成的温度和共存流体组成Ig(f_(H_2O)/f_(HF))的估算

本文根据前人关于云母和黄玉的F－OH交换实验成果，分别建立了云母和黄玉的F－OH交换平衡常数方程，并系统阐述了推导这些方程的热力学原理以及利用它们来估算云母＋黄玉平衡组合形成温度和共存流体组成的方法，最后讨论了这一方法的适用条件和存在问题。     

湘南地区云英岩化作用及云英岩体型矿床特征

介绍了湘南地区云英岩的产出类型以及云英岩体型钨锡多金属矿床和云英岩体型铀多金属矿床的矿床特征。     

Petrographic Characteristics and Alteration Geochemistry of Granite-hosted Tungsten Mineralization at Degana, NW India

Abstract. Vein type tungsten mineralization at Degana is genetically and spatially associated with the Degana Granite. The deposit is characterized by pervasive wall rock alteration around the mineralized quartz veins. Laterally three different alteration zones, greisen, silicification and potassic zones, are marked based on the field features, mineral assemblages and geo-chemical characteristics. In the present paper, systematic mineralogical and chemical variation in these alteration zones is reported. Thick mono-mineralic (zinnwaldite) selvages around the veins characterize the deposit. Plagioclase and alkali feldspar are low in the greisen zones while K-feldspar shows more increase than plagioclase in the potassic zone. Quartz is uniformly high in all the alteration zones, but it shows an anomalous value in the silicification zone. Al₂O₃ concentration shows initial depletion in greisen zone with gradual increase away from the contact. MgO and FeO are higher in greisen zone than silicification and potassic zones. The potassic zone is characterized by the depletion of Na₂O and higher value of K₂O.
The common presence of topaz and fluorite as both primary and secondary minerals and fluorine-bearing micas suggest fluorine partitioning in substantial amount between granitic melt and coexisting aqueous fluid phase and higher HF activity during the evolution of hydrothermal fluid. The mutual relationship of the fluorine minerals (topaz and fluorite) in the different alteration zones suggests an increase in the Ca²⁺ activity and decrease of H+ activity during the fluid evolution from greisenization towards alkali-metasomatised granite and the fluid is assumed to change from low to high activity ratio of Ca²⁺/H+.     

Metasomatism and the formation of greisen in Grainsgill,Cumbria, England

A section of hornfelsed Skiddaw Slate adjacent to the margin of the Grainsgill Greisen is described and chemical analyses of the various rock types presented. The results confirm that hydrothermal fluids liberated K and Na from the granite to produce the greisen. This gave rise to K metasomatism of the adjacent hornfels and to retrogressive metamorphism over a radius of 200m from the intrusion. Na leached from the hornfels near the intrusion and that liberated during the formation of the greisen are probably the sources of the Na in the brines recorded in fluid inclusions within the nearby quartz-tungsten veins.     

柿竹园钨锡多金属矿床矽卡岩中碱交代脉研究

柿竹园钨锡多金属矿床地处南岭中段,矿种多、规模大、共生组分丰富,是世界罕见的超大型钨锡钼铋多金属矿床。区内发育有大量不同类型的脉体,包括酸性岩浆岩脉、云英岩脉、碱交代脉等,其中发育于矽卡岩中的碱交代脉是矿区规模最大、分布最广的矿体。本文通过详实的野外地质调研、显微镜下岩相学鉴定以及电子探针测试分析,发现大部分碱交代脉中以钾长石、斜长石、石英、萤石为主,白云母含量较少,一般小于3%,含少量黄玉、电气石等矿物,并非前人所称的"云英岩脉"或"云英岩网脉",脉体外侧发育较多的石榴子石、透辉石等矽卡岩类矿物,脉体及其两侧含有较多的白钨矿、磁铁矿等氧化物。从矿物组合和矿化特点上分析,碱交代脉总体碱质成分含量较高,发生了较强的碱交代作用,脉体的形成与矽卡岩演化关系密切,可进一步分为:早期阶段碱交代脉,富斜长石、黑钨矿,形成矽卡岩,对应矽卡岩演化的矽卡岩阶段,是黑钨矿的主成矿期;晚期阶段碱交代脉,富钾长石、白钨矿、磁铁矿,表现为交代矽卡岩,对应矽卡岩演化的退变质阶段,是白钨矿的主成矿期。综上,柿竹园矿床矽卡岩中碱交代脉,制约和影响着矽卡岩的形成与成矿,贯穿矽卡岩演化过程的矽卡岩阶段和退变质阶段,其形成的矿体为矽卡岩型矿体。