连云港基本风压分析

本文按《工业与民用建筑物结构荷载规范(TJ9-74)》规定计算本港基本风压。作为本地区一般建筑物设计标准即71.83公斤/米~2。同时考虑到近五十年来影响本港最严重的一次台风过程(1939年8月30—31日)计算出基本风压为81.00公斤/米~2,作为特别重要或有特殊要求构筑物基本风压设计标准。     

防浪建筑物影响下珊瑚礁海岸波浪传播变形试验

通过测试一系列不规则波工况研究了防浪建筑物存在下珊瑚礁海岸附近短波、低频长波和增水的变化规律,并对比了防浪建筑物的不同位置情况。分析结果表明：波浪在沿礁传播过程中,短波波高沿礁坪持续衰减,低频长波波高沿礁坪逐渐增大,波浪增水则沿礁坪基本保持不变;海岸附近短波随着防浪建筑物与礁缘距离的变大而减小,低频长波则在防浪建筑物处于礁坪后部时达到最大,防浪建筑物位置的变化对于礁坪波浪增水的影响可以忽略。通过理论分析证明了珊瑚礁地形上低频长波是由于群波破碎造成的破碎点移动而产生的;当特定波况作用于特定位置的防浪建筑物时,低频长波在礁坪上会发生一阶共振效应导致其能量在海岸附近达到最大值。     

“全苏波浪对建筑物与岸作用的研究与计算方法科技会议”介绍

全苏波浪对建筑物与岸作用的研究与计算方法科技会议于1981年9月8日至10日在敖得萨市举行,会议总结了苏联近十年来有关波浪研究问题的科学工作,并且确定了进一步完善受波浪作用的水工建筑物计算方法的基本方向。会议通过了以下的提案:支持得到苏联共产党中央批准的水工设计院集体号召,并呼吁全国水利工程人员努力促进在设计中尽量利用科学成就,修定现行法规,扩大试验性的建设并以此为基础提高投资效益、降底水利工程建设中材料的消耗和劳动力量,     

青岛汇泉湾浴场部分海滩溃蚀及治理的初步探讨

本文通过对青岛汇泉湾自然条件及对岸滩的影响的分析,认为在历史上该湾基本处于动态平衡。由于某些人工建筑物的兴修,改变了自然条件而导致海湾东端部分岸坡沙滩的溃蚀。文章分析了沙滩溃蚀的原因,提出了治理的初步设想和需要进一步做深入研究的问题。     

底部透空不透水建筑物波压力研究

底部透空不透水建筑物是近海工程中的一种新型结构,与传统水工建筑物相比,其能灵活适应基床不发生变形、阻止波浪进入后方造成破坏。本文通过构建物理模型,在波浪水槽中进行试验,测试了底部透空不透水直立建筑物不规则波作用,得到了不同水深、相同波浪要素时,该型直立建筑物迎浪面和底面的水平总力最大时各测点正向波压力和负向波压力数据。对比分析了不同水深下底部透空不透水直立建筑物的水平总力及垂直力,总结了波峰和波谷作用下波浪力沿建筑物表面的分布规律,可为海岸工程结构设计提供依据。     

海冰作用力在渤海海洋工程设计中的意义

过去在渤海近岸海域设计和建造海工建筑物时,由于没有充分考虑海冰作用力,曾遭受很大经济损失。本文简单介绍渤海的一般和严重冰情,并提出海冰对海工建筑物作用力的计算公式;通过几个海工建筑物设计实例指出,海冰作用力是渤海近岸海域海工建筑物设计的控制荷载之一。文中最后还给出渤海近岸海域海冰的设计厚度和极限抗压强度的建议取值。     

单幅图像中平行六面体建筑物三维参数自动提取

针对单幅平行六面体类建筑物图像,提出1种从参数化建模角度解决城市建筑物重建的方法.结合多尺度分析,由贝叶斯概率模型对边缘像素分类自动获取建筑物轮廓,利用平行六面体几何结构与相机参数的对偶性,确定场景及建筑物目标参数.该方法可在不需要人工交互的情况下,由单幅图像完成平行六面体类建筑物结构参数的提取.通过模拟图像和自然图像的实验,结果说明本文提出的方法简单、有效.     

波浪引起的海床失稳机理及有关孔隙水压力的讨论

近年来在海洋工程中由于海床失稳和下沉而引起的工程事故时有发生,因此波浪、海床和建筑物的相互作用问题越来越引起工程界的关注。文章首先介绍了波浪引起的海床失稳的基本机理,同时,由于孔隙水压力在海床失稳中起着重要作用,因此又通过引用前人成果,讨论了波土参数对孔隙水压力的影响。     

基于参数优化的建筑物多边形化简研究

针对建筑物多边形化简当前存在的问题,将参数优化的方法引入化简的全过程,在渐进式图形化简的基础上,通过把建筑物多边形的几何特征、结构特征和化简所遵循的一系列约束规则参数化、变量化表示,建立了建筑物多边形化简的数学模型,通过对模型的求解,来达到化简建筑物多边形的目的。 成果已经应用于数字地图的生产,实践证明该算法的化简效果好,普适性较高,符合应用需求。     

直墙上波压力与墙面纵向位置及波向间关系研究

利用整体波浪物理模型试验,通过沿直墙式建筑物纵向布设测点,测量了直墙式建筑物不同位置在不同方向波浪作用时的波浪力;通过数据分析,找出了直墙式建筑物各位置波压力随入射波方向的变化规律,以及不同方向波浪作用时波压力随墙面位置的变化规律,阐述了直墙式建筑物墙面所受波压力与墙面纵向位置及波浪方向间的辩证关系。     

强夯在粉煤灰地基处理中的应用

粉煤灰海水湿排造陆是沿海地区粉煤灰利用的主要途径之一。但造陆以后属于软土地基,不能直接利用,必须对其进行地基处理,处理效果如何,需进行评价。本文研究强夯处理在青岛沿海粉煤灰排放区的应用,并采用载荷试验、圆锥动力触探试验、室内实验等多种方法对强夯处理效果进行检测。检测结果表明,强夯处理后粉煤灰地基土能够达到设计的150kPa要求,为海水湿排粉煤灰造陆地基处理方法的应用和处理效果检测提供了借鉴。     

GPS技术在高层建筑施工三维测控中的应用

垂直度控制和标高控制是确保高层和超高层建筑施工质量的关键,传统的高层或超高层建筑施工垂直度控制和标高控制方法存在着工作过程繁琐、效率低、精度难尽人意等若干问题,为了克服传统法的缺陷,提出了利用GPS技术进行高层或超高层建筑施工垂直度与标高控制的新思路,高层或超高层建筑施工垂直度与标高的GPS控制摆脱了传统方法对地面控制点的过度依赖,实现了对施工垂直度与标高的快速、高效、高精度控制,确保了施工质量。结合工程实例叙述了利用GPS技术控制高层或超高层建筑施工垂直度与标高的工作过程。     

西北太平洋柔鱼冬春生群体栖息地的变化研究

柔鱼（Ommastrephes bartramii）是短生命周期鱼种,其适宜栖息地范围受海洋水温条件的显著影响。本文根据2006-2015年7-11月中国鱿钓技术组提供的西北太平洋柔鱼冬生群体的捕捞数据以及海表温度（SST）数据,利用捕捞努力量与SST的频率分布关系,估算柔鱼各月适宜温度范围（PFSST）,对1985-2015年柔鱼PFSST进行估算,同时分析柔鱼PFSST的年代际变化规律,并评估不同强度厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对柔鱼栖息地的影响。研究表明,2006-2015年柔鱼各月适宜的SST具有明显变化,7-11月对应适宜的SST范围分别为16~19℃、17~21℃、15~19℃、14~16℃和12~13℃。单位捕捞努力量渔获量大小随PFSST变动而发生相应变化,两者具有显著正相关关系,这说明了柔鱼渔场范围内适宜温度面积增加,对应柔鱼资源丰度上升。1985-2015年柔鱼PFSST呈现显著的月间和年际变化,7-11月PFSST具有先增加后递减的变化规律,且7-9月PFSST年际波动相似,10和11月PFSST年际变化相似。同时,柔鱼PFSST与渔场内SST具有显著正相关关系。柔鱼渔场内PFSST受厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件调控,其面积随气候事件的强度发生变化,具体表现为:弱拉尼娜事件和正常气候条件下,柔鱼渔场范围内水温最高,适宜栖息面积显著增长;中等强度和高强度拉尼娜条件下,柔鱼渔场内平均水温较高,但适宜栖息面积较前两者显著减小;弱强度、中等强度和超高强度厄尔尼诺条件下,柔鱼渔场内水温均较低,但弱强度和超高强度厄尔尼诺条件下柔鱼适宜栖息面积均大于中等强度厄尔尼诺条件。     

Vortices in a wave travelling over dry ground

Experimental investigations revealed that large cylindrical vortices are formed near the bottom in a head wave traveling over dry ground (“water wall” during a dam break). The vortices rise to the water surface and are thrown into the air perpendicularly to the wave slope. The vortices entrain and transport bottom ground.     

重力异常垂向一阶导数的一种简便算法

利用拉格朗日插值导出了重力异常垂向一阶导数的计算公式，给出了地面以及地面之上不同高度的求导系数。该公式可以计算地面上的重力垂向一阶导数，还可以直接计算地面之上任意高度上的垂向一阶导数。鉴于该公式除系数不同外，与上延公式完全相同，因此，程序设计尤为简单。使用本公式对模型数据和实际资料进行了处理，证明了本算法的实用性。     

Reinforcement and Arching Effect of Geogrid-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Embankment on Marine Soft Ground

The effectiveness of constructing a geogrid-reinforced and pile supported embankment on soft ground to reduce differential settlement has been studied by pilot scale field tests and numerical analysis. Three-by-three pile groups with varying pile spacing were driven into a layer of soft ground, and a layer of geogrid was used as reinforcement over each pile group. Further, a 2-D numerical analysis has been conducted using the computer program FLAC 2D. The mechanisms of load transfer can be considered as a combination of embankment soil arching, geogrid tension, and stress transfer due to the difference in stiffness between pile and soft ground. Based on the pilot scale field tests and results of numerical analysis, we find that the geosynthetic reinforcement slightly interferes with soil arching, and helps reduce differential settlement of the soft ground. Also, the most effective load transfer and vertical stress reduction at the midspan between piles occurs when the pile cap spacing index D/b (D: pile cap spacing, b: diameter of pile) is 3.0.     

最短时间航线自动生成的改进方法

针对已有的最短时间航线自动生成算法存在搜索效率较低、航线准确度较低的不足,提出了基于瞬时水深模型的最短时间航线自动生成改进算法。利用无效点定义和动态包络矩形的策略,优化最短时间航线生成;采用高精度的瞬时水深模型提高最短时间航线自动生成的准确度。实验结果表明:此方法与已有的方法相比,在自动生成航线的质量和效率上都有明显的提高。     

Consolidation Properties and In-Situ Stress of the Marine Clay in Southern Korea

A very soft ground constructed by dredging and hydraulic fill has characteristics such as high water content, high initial void ratio, and very little effective stress. Estimating, with thorough considerations about consolidation properties and the initial stress associated with each layer's distinctive stress history, is essential in order to predict a reasonable consolidation settlement of soft ground. By investigating a construction project for national industrial complexes at a coastal area in southern Korea that experienced reclamation and ground improvement adapting PVD, various laboratory tests to find consolidation properties were performed with undisturbed samples collected from the entire depth of the marine clay fill layer and original clay layer. Through the investigation, this report suggests relationships of heterogeneity of permeability in both vertical and horizontal directions, void ratio-effective stress, and void ratio-permeability. Considering the fact that the original clay layer was under the process of consolidation by load due to hydraulic fill from the top, estimating the appropriate initial stress of each layer is critical to predict the future process of consolidation settlement determined by time. In order to obtain the initial stresses of two layers with different stress histories related to consolidation, cone penetration and dissipation tests were conducted.     

Reinforcement and Arching Effect of Geogrid-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Embankment on Marine Soft Ground

The effectiveness of constructing a geogrid-reinforced and pile supported embankment on soft ground to reduce differential settlement has been studied by pilot scale field tests and numerical analysis. Three-by-three pile groups with varying pile spacing were driven into a layer of soft ground, and a layer of geogrid was used as reinforcement over each pile group. Further, a 2-D numerical analysis has been conducted using the computer program FLAC 2D. The mechanisms of load transfer can be considered as a combination of embankment soil arching, geogrid tension, and stress transfer due to the difference in stiffness between pile and soft ground. Based on the pilot scale field tests and results of numerical analysis, we find that the geosynthetic reinforcement slightly interferes with soil arching, and helps reduce differential settlement of the soft ground. Also, the most effective load transfer and vertical stress reduction at the midspan between piles occurs when the pile cap spacing index D/b (D: pile cap spacing, b: diameter of pile) is 3.0.     

Hybrid three-dimensional finite-difference and finite-element analysis of seismic wave induced fluid–structure interaction of a vertical cylinder

The two-dimensional finite-difference scheme has been extended to three dimensions to solve nonlinear hydrodynamic pressures and structural responses of a deformable, vertical and circular surface-piercing offshore cylinder during earthquakes. A complete three-dimensional analysis has been made with both the three-dimensional equations of motion and the simultaneous action of three components of ground acceleration included in the analysis. Not only the magnitude but also the direction of the acting ground motion can be varied with time. The dynamic response of a cylinder is approximated by the displacements in the fundamental modes of vibration. A comparison of the dynamic displacement of the cylinder with and without surrounding sea water has been made. The flexibility of the offshore cylinder can significantly increase the hydrodynamic pressures acting on cylinder faces, that is, the fluid-structure interaction is necessary in offshore cylinder analysis. Although the hydrodynamic pressure induced by the vertical ground acceleration of the El Centro 1979 earthquake is significant, the calculated structural dynamic response of a cylinder is very small and the corresponding resultant hydrodynamic force is almost nil. The hydrodynamic force induced by two-horizontal ground acceleration is about the same as that by three simultaneous components of ground acceleration. For a solid and stubbier circular cylinder, the vertical component of ground acceleration may be neglected.