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前驱波是一种暂态信号,是在震源成核过程中发射出的一种低频波,对地震预测而言是一种有重要价值的可靠短临前兆信息.本文提取了黑龙江及邻区3次中强地震前5例水位、竖直摆倾斜数字化低频前驱波异常图像,分析了低频前驱波异常形态、异常特征和异常指标,经初步统计得到了经验公式,探讨了前驱波异常机理,取得了一些新的认识,值得一提的是这些震例均为近场区中强地震前数字化前兆低频前驱波异常,丰富了低频前驱波方法在黑龙江地区地震分析预测工作中的应用. 相似文献
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理解前兆异常变化机理和地震短临前兆 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
本文概要介绍了国内外近几年在地壳形变一地球自转日长变化十年尺度相关性、静寂地震、前驱波三方面的重要研究发现,并分析了这三项研究发现在地震前兆异常机理认识中的作用。初步分析表明:深部核幔耦合作用引起的地壳形变、地球物理场十年尺度波动,是数年至十年尺度地震场兆波动性变化的重要调制因素之一;源于断层脆韧转换带(过渡层)的静寂地震一慢地震缓慢破裂过程,是数天至数月尺度地震短期异常变化产生的重要原因;源于脆韧转换层上部或弹脆性层薄弱部分慢地震过程所辐射出来的低频前驱波(慢地震波),是目前已发现的可重复出现的短临前兆信号,具有数小时至7天左右的地震短临预报指标意义。 相似文献
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本文应用断裂力学和流变介质中波的传播理论来研究震前长周期形变波的波动源以及这类波传播的一些主要特征,在理论研究结果的基础上,对我国多次较大地震前观测到的短临地震前兆进行了剖析,并从中识别出一些可能与长周期形变波有关的短临地震前兆.首先,从粘滑与破裂这两类主要地震机制出发,提出了粘滑前的预滑与破裂前断裂的预扩展(亚稳态扩展)可能是产生震前长周期波的两类波动源的看法,并着重从理论上讨论了后一类波动源.其次,以地壳流变介质模型为基础,对长周期形变波的传播特性进行了理论研究.选用地壳的广义流变介质模型,求解了所述的两类波动源在这种流变地壳介质中引起的长周期形变波传播的动力学问题,从理论上得出了长周期形变波在地壳内传播的某些一般特征.然后,专门分析了我国多次大地震前实际观测到的短期和临震地震前兆资料,并着重讨论了唐山地震的短临前兆.在这些不同类型的短临地震前兆中,我们得出地下水位、地倾斜及潮位自动记录曲线等的某些振动式及阶跃式短临地震前兆与长周期形变波的理论探讨结果基本相符,因而可以认为它们属于由长周期形变波所反映的地震前兆.在理论研究与实际资料分析的基础上,本文归纳了由长周期形变波所引起的短临地震前兆的一些基本特征,包括传播速度、衰 相似文献
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正汶川地震所提出的科技问题尚未解决,2018年5月28日吉林省松原市宁江区发生5.7级地震,这是继2013年松原震群后的又一浅源地震,是否再给地震预测预报提出了新课题?目前的短临地震预测思路是该改弦易辙了吗?对此,笔者近期在《同源前兆波预测地震初探》中提出了运用"同源前兆波"开展大震短临预报的思路:在被认为是可能发生下一个大震的危险性较大的地区,观测、分析研究以及预测目标区域积累应力的快速释放进程,同源前兆波高发阶 相似文献
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1 .ESTABLISHMENTOFAMULTI DISCIPLINARYSYSTEMFORMONITORINGEARTHQUAKESANDPRECURSORS Amulti disciplinarysystemhasbeensetuptomonitorearthquakesandprecursorssoastopro videasurveillancebaseforearthquakeforecasting .Theestablishmentofamulti disciplinarysystemfo… 相似文献
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建立了含有母体岩石、硬包体和随机分布的小裂纹的三维有限元模型,计算了包体和各层实体中的应力分布. 利用最高应力破裂准则、释放破裂单元刚度生与死的方法,模拟强震前岩石的破裂和小震的空间分布特征. 结果表明,文中三种模型都显示出强震前在孕震体即包体附近出现了高应力集中单元. 它们是形成小震空区、条带和地震空间丛集图像的基础. 随机裂纹的存在,有利于在孕震体(包体)外的裂纹端部应力集中,先发生小震,形成包围孕震包体的前兆地震活动图像,而包体中的应力逐渐增加,为发生强震提供了条件. 包体的形状和几何位置是影响强震前兆地震活动图像形态的重要因素. 引入材料的黏弹性,导致了其中应力随时间迅速减小和弹性层某些部位应力随时间的增加. 但在本文设定的构造模型框架和介质参数下,下层黏弹性的存在对上层母体的应力随时间的增加影响不大. 相似文献
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渤海地区地震参数的修定 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
本文介绍了一种横向不均匀介质中地震参数的修定方法。该方法以渤海及其邻区地壳、上地幔结构的最新成果为基础构造速度模型,集中起可利用的渤海周边地区的山东、河北,北京和辽宁等台网的资料,统一修定了近年来渤海及其邻区598个地震的震源参数。所有地震都给出了震源深度并且讨论了地震定位的精度。文中给出了近年来渤海内M_L≥4.0级的地震震源参数修定结果,讨论了该区震源深度分布的特征。 相似文献
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科学地选取了8种可用于地震短期日常会商的测震学定量预报参量,编写了相应的计算程式及分析预报软件包。计算了新疆乌鲁木齐等6个重点监测区的预报参量背景值和异常定量判据指标。根据参量动态曲线与已有强震震例的对应关系,对各预报参量的预报效能、预报高效能区及盲区、异常出现时段参数均作了详细分析。最后简要介绍了最新实际应用中的预报实例。研究结果及研制的相应软件在实际日常会商中具有较强的实用性价值。 相似文献
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Indonesia is situated at the juncture of three major tectonic plates:the Eurasian,the Pacific and the Indo-Australian Plates,As a result,many parts of the country are classified as being at a high risk of earthquake and tsunami disasters.In Indonesia,the Bureau of Meteorology and Geophysics(BMG)is the agency responsible for the monitoring of tectonic earthquakes and tsunamis induced by them.For this purpose,BMG operates seismic networks throughout Indonsia.In order to serve better,BMG will have to improve its monitoring system.Many agencies and universities in Indonesia have done research in the field of seismology,including seismotectonics,earthquake hazards,and so on.Joint research has been done with agencies/universities from abroad.Considering the fact that some earthquake prone areas in Indonesia suffer from frequent disasters,a study on earthquake prediction in some areas of interest would contribute to achieving some long-term goals of the Bureau. 相似文献
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An MS 6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi, Yunnan province, on May 21, 2021. According to related investigations, the macro-epicenter of the earthquake is 6 km northwest of Yangbi County, and the seismogenic structure is the NW-trending Weixi-Qiaohou fault. The earthquake area is located in the hinterland of the Hengduan Mountains in the northwest of Yunnan province, a region dominated by high and medium-high mountains, with deep canyons and tectonic basins in between. Various geomorphic features are derived from drastic topographic changes and huge geological differences in the earthquake area. There are a variety of buildings in the earthquake-affected zone, including civil and brick-wood structures ones with weak seismic performance, as well as brick-concrete and frame ones with better seismic performance. This paper summarizes and analyzes different characteristics of the earthquake in different geomorphic units through field investigations of different buildings and geological disasters in the affected area. The results show that under the same earthquake intensity, the damage to most buildings (located in slope areas or rooted in weak strata) is amplified by the earthquake. The earthquake has exerted an obvious propagation effect along the direction of the seismogenic structure. Moreover, local ground fissures will aggravate the damage to the buildings even without surface dislocation. Thus, we suggest that attention should be paid to the ground fissures caused by the slope effect. The fissure areas may also be the disaster spot of collapses and landslides in case of a high-magnitude earthquake. 相似文献
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HUANG Zhibin 《中国地震研究》2020,34(2):219-226
This paper summarizes the different stages of the development of earthquake automatic quick report in China. In early stage, scientists and technicians mainly focused on the realization of automatic identification of seismic phases and automatic positioning in the network data processing system. Then, at the end of the Tenth "Five-Year Plan" project, Fujian Earthquake Agency, Guangdong Earthquake Agency, and China Earthquake Networks Center have independently developed their earthquake automatic quick report systems. Later, by taking advantage of the "multi-channel comprehensive trigger" mechanism, China Earthquake Networks Center has innovated a comprehensive trigger system for automatic earthquake quick report, whereby earthquake information can be instantly reported and presented on Weibo, Wechat, and CENC App. 相似文献