山西吕梁地区狐偃山碱性杂岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

为获取狐偃山碱性岩浆活动的时限,对狐偃山碱性杂岩体早晚2 期侵入体进行LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 测年。结果显示,早期侵入体二长岩的206Pb/238U 年龄加权平均值为127±1Ma（MSWD=3.7）,属于早白垩世早期;晚期侵入体正长岩的206Pb/238U 年龄加权平均值为114±4Ma（MSWD=3.5）,属于早白垩世晚期。二长岩岩浆活动对应于华北克拉通中部碱性岩浆活动的高峰期（约130Ma）,正长岩则代表华北克拉通中部最后一期碱性岩浆活动的时间（约114Ma）;华北中部碱性岩浆活动与东部发生的强烈岩浆活动的时间一致,对应于华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的峰期。捕获岩浆成因锆石2.5~2.4Ga 的年龄,对应华北克拉通化的时期;2.2~2.1Ga 的继承锆石年龄,代表华北在2.5Ga 左右克拉通化之后于2.3~2.0Ga 经历的一次陆内拉伸-裂谷-岩浆事件;约1.8Ga 继承锆石的年龄,是华北克拉通发生在陆内裂谷背景下的大规模岩浆作用的表现;232~220Ma 的继承锆石年龄,代表晚三叠世华北克拉通发生的一期岩浆-构造热事件的时间。     

山西吕梁地区狐偃山碱性杂岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

为获取狐偃山碱性岩浆活动的时限,对狐偃山碱性杂岩体早晚2期侵入体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年。结果显示,早期侵入体二长岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为127±1Ma(MSWD=3.7),属于早白垩世早期;晚期侵入体正长岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为114±4Ma(MSWD=3.5),属于早白垩世晚期。二长岩岩浆活动对应于华北克拉通中部碱性岩浆活动的高峰期(约130Ma),正长岩则代表华北克拉通中部最后一期碱性岩浆活动的时间(约114Ma);华北中部碱性岩浆活动与东部发生的强烈岩浆活动的时间一致,对应于华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的峰期。捕获岩浆成因锆石2.5~2.4Ga的年龄,对应华北克拉通化的时期;2.2~2.1Ga的继承锆石年龄,代表华北在2.5Ga左右克拉通化之后于2.3~2.0Ga经历的一次陆内拉伸-裂谷-岩浆事件;约1.8Ga继承锆石的年龄,是华北克拉通发生在陆内裂谷背景下的大规模岩浆作用的表现;232~220Ma的继承锆石年龄,代表晚三叠世华北克拉通发生的一期岩浆-构造热事件的时间。     

都龙锡锌矿床锡石和锆石U-Pb年代学：滇东南白垩纪大规模花岗岩成岩-成矿事件

都龙锡锌矿床是我国最大的锡石硫化物矿床之一.由于缺少可靠的年代学数据,对该矿床的成因尚存在较大争议.本文报道了利用锡石和锆石U-Pb法,首次获得的都龙锡锌矿床及相关的燕山晚期老君山花岗岩的年龄.其中,锡石TIMS法^206Pb/^238U年龄加权平均值为79.8±3.2Ma（MSWD=3.16）,^238U/^204Pb-^206Pb/^204Pb等时线年龄为82.0±9.6Ma（MSWD=4.81）;隐伏花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP法^206Pb/^238U年龄加权平均值为92.9±1.9Ma（N=10,MSWD=0.71）,花岗斑岩的锆石SHRIMP法^206Pb/^238U年龄加权平均值为86.9±1.4Ma（N=9,MSWD=3.70）,表明锡（铜）矿化主要与晚白垩世岩浆热液活动有关.结合个旧、白牛厂两个超大型矿床和相关花岗岩体的年代学资料,指示滇东南地区于白垩纪存在以锡矿化为特色的大规模花岗岩成岩-成矿事件,可能与晚中生代以来华南地块岩石圈伸展有关.     

徐淮地区早白垩世adakitic岩石的年代学和Pb同位素组成:对岩浆源区与华北克拉通东部构造深化的制约

本文报道了徐淮地区5个早白垩世adakitic岩体全岩的Pb同位素组成和其中3个岩体的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果,并讨论了岩浆源区的性质和华北克拉通东部中生代早期的构造演化.结果表明,班井、丰山和蔡山岩体形成于早白垩世,其206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为127±1Ma、129±2Ma和131±1Ma.利国、班井、夹沟、丰山和蔡山岩体的全岩(206Pb/024Pb)t、(207Ph/204Pb)t和(208Pb/204Pb)t初始比值分别变化于17.957～18.620、15.508～15.655和38.129～38.710之间.综合早白垩世adakitic岩石高的放射成因Pb同位素组成以及继承锆石年代学和其中榴辉岩类捕虏体锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学的研究成果,可以认为华北克拉通东部徐淮地区早白垩世adakitic岩石的岩浆源区以断离的扬子克拉通俯冲板片(基底物质)为主,并有拆沉的华北克拉通基底物质的参与.这与扬子克拉通沿北西方向俯冲于华北克拉通之下的构造模式相吻合.     

河南焦作云台山早前寒武纪变质基底锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

应用离子探针技术,对华北太行山南缘钾长石化长英质副片麻岩和钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩进行了锆石年龄测定。钾长石化长英质副片麻岩的变质原岩为泥砂质碎屑沉积岩,其形成时代很可能为新太古代。碎屑锆石普遍存在强烈铅丢失,靠近上交点的5个数据点207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为3399Ma±8Ma,代表了物源区组成的时代。钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩2组锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2511Ma±13Ma(岩体形成时代)和2735Ma±16Ma(残余锆石年龄),分别代表该岩体形成时代和残余锆石年龄。新的资料支持了华北克拉通中部造山带太古宙地质体与其东部陆块存在亲缘关系的认识。     

塔里木西南缘新太古代变质辉长岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

在塔里木西南缘发现多条变质辉长岩脉,经稀土和微量元素分析,辉长岩岩脉具有稀土总量较低、轻稀土和大离子亲石元素富集,重稀土和高场强元素亏损的特征。通过锆石SHRIMP法U-Pb测年,6个点207Pb/206Pb加权年龄平均值为(2675±12)Ma(MSWD=0.20);根据9个点获得的不一致曲线上交点年龄为(2671±13)Ma、下交点年龄为(287±16)Ma(MSWD=0.91)。2675Ma权重年龄或不一致曲线上交点2671Ma年龄代表变质辉长岩的结晶年龄;下交点(287±16)Ma年龄代表变质年龄。塔里木西南缘新太古代变质辉长岩脉的发现,证实塔里木西南缘存在太古宙古陆核,提供了华北克拉通新太古代古陆核裂解的岩浆活动记录,为该区地层划分对比以及古陆核早期构造演化提供了重要信息。     

内蒙古固阳东部碱性侵入岩:年代学、成因与地质意义

在内蒙古固阳县东部出露了两个碱性岩体,最近的年代学研究显示这两个碱性侵入体分别形成于中元古代早期和晚古生代早期,瓦窑石英正长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为1702±32Ma,高家村角闪正长岩的SHRIMP年龄为399±7Ma,TIMS法锆石U-Pb为389.9±4.7Ma。瓦窑石英正长岩相对贫Ca、贫Sr、高TiO2/MgO和FeOT/MgO、高Ga/Al,Eu负异常;岩石高87Sr/86Sr比值、低143Nd/144Nd比值、εNd(t)为-6.2～-6.5,地球化学特点显示铝质"A"型花岗岩性质,岩浆源区为大陆上部地壳,是拉张低压背景下部分熔融的产物。高家村角闪正长岩高碱(K2O+Na2O为10.92%～11.67%),Sr正异常,弱正铕异常,具有较低的87Sr/86Sr比值、适中的143Nd/144Nd比值,εNd(t)为-14.4～-14.9,具有高压型正长岩的特征,岩石应形成于大陆下部地壳,属后造山崩塌早期阶段的产物。这两个岩体的形成时代分别与冀北地区的中元古代非造山岩浆岩组合(斜长岩-正长岩-环斑花岗岩组合)和晚古生代的水泉沟正长岩相对应,有可能构成华北克拉通北缘两条延伸数百千米的碱性侵入岩带。中元古代早期的碱性侵入岩带代表着华北克拉通在古元古代末汇聚造山后的裂解事件;而早(-中)泥盆世的碱性侵入岩带则代表着华北克拉通北缘早古生代末弧-陆拼合造山后的伸展事件。     

内蒙古大青山地区英安岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

在内蒙古大青山地区逆冲推覆构造所截切的英安岩中获得锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb表面年龄加权平均值为1870±19Ma,认为英安岩为华北克拉通古元古代末—新元古代一次裂解事件的产物.同时,据安山岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和度(102)较好的锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U表面年龄436±4Ma及英安岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和度(104)较好的锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U表面年龄153±2Ma和160±2Ma,表明大青山地区逆冲推覆构造存在构造复活或构造追踪现象。这一认识为大青山地区逆冲推覆构造的研究积累了新的资料,提供了新的研究思路。     

新疆东准噶尔锡矿北花岗斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年

对东准噶尔锡矿北花岗斑岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(281±10)Ma,MSWD=9.3,206Pb/238U-207Pb/235U谐和曲线图中下交点年龄为(278±11)Ma,MSWD=7.5,两者在误差范围内完全一致,时代属于早二叠世。结果表明,锡矿北花岗斑岩形成的时代属于东准噶尔后碰撞深成岩浆活动的范围(330～265Ma),晚于东准噶尔乌伦古河碱性花岗岩和卡拉麦里碱性花岗岩的形成时代（300Ma左右）,以花岗斑岩为代表的晚古生代岩浆侵入活动延续到早二叠世晚期。     

泰山地区古元古代末期基性岩墙形成时代厘定——斜锆石U-Pb精确定年

华北克拉通经过吕梁运动在～1.85Ga完成克拉通化,之后从1.80Ga至1.32Ga发育大量标志哥伦比亚超级大陆裂解的地质记录。本文利用高精度热电离质谱法(ID-TIMS)和离子探针质谱法(SIMS),对发育于泰山红门景区的辉长辉绿岩墙进行了斜锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得了在误差范围内一致的辉长辉绿岩侵位年龄1621.1±8.8Ma(ID-TIMS)和1632.4±4.2Ma(SIMS)。该研究成果修正了前人对泰山红门景区辉长辉绿岩侵位年龄的模糊认识,证明了红门景区辉长辉绿岩是与华北克拉通南缘龙王碱性花岗岩、华北克拉通北缘大红峪期碱性火山岩和岩床同期的岩浆事件的产物,是哥伦比亚超级大陆初始裂解作用在华北克拉通的岩浆作用响应。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the