渤海及周边地区中新生代构造演化与火山活动

渤海湾盆地作为典型的中新生代叠合盆地,构造演化历史十分复杂,经历了多期构造演化,盆地的构造演化与东亚大陆大地构造环境密切相关。本文从板块相互作用的角度出发,综合大量文献资料,划分渤海湾盆地中、新生代构造演化为3个阶段,中生代盆地发育演化阶段、早第三纪裂陷盆地发育阶段和晚第三纪坳陷盆地发育阶段。通过对渤海地区代表性火山岩样品的岩石化学分析、微量元素及稀土元素中子活化分析结果进行岩石化学和地球化学分析,综合前人研究成果,探讨了渤海及周边地区地质构造演化特征与火山活动之间的耦合关系。     

临清坳陷东部三叠系沉积岩地球化学特征及构造意义

碎屑沉积岩的物质组成对其形成的构造背景具有重要的指示作用。通过对临清坳陷东部三叠系碎屑沉积岩样品地球化学主量和微量元素分析表明：三叠系岩石样品主要为成熟度较低的杂砂岩和长石砂岩;碎屑沉积岩的母岩总体上与大陆地壳组成基本一致,原岩以沉积岩和花岗岩为主;临清坳陷东部中生代早—中三叠世处于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造环境,其动力学机制与早期秦岭洋壳向华北板块俯冲、晚期扬子板块和华北板块碰撞作用有关。研究结果为确定三叠纪时期华北东部南侧的构造环境提供了地球化学方面的证据。     

南海北部晚中生代逆冲断裂带厘定与构造转换

古南海的构造演化对研究大陆边缘张裂和盆地形成模式有重大意义。关于南海的构造演化过程尚存有争议,基于对前人研究成果的收集及综合比对,同时结合地震剖面分析,对逆断层和褶皱等挤压构造进行识别以及展布的刻画;并对南海北部古逆冲断裂带的展布及活动进行了深入研究。在确定晚中生代南海北部区域构造应力背景的基础上,在研究区内识别出了一条中生代逆冲断裂带,并对其位置、展布、活动停止时间进行了分析,对南海晚中生代以来的构造演化提出了新的模式:晚中生代以前,南海北部地区构造应力以挤压为主,存在着碰撞造山过程,形成了岛弧型活动大陆边缘;晚白垩世至始新世,盆地应力背景由挤压向张裂过渡,并存在至西向东的转换延迟;渐新世以后逐步转为拉张应力背景。     

福建龙海地区玄武岩及其构造环境

本文研究了分布于福建龙海一带的玄武岩及其构造特征、岩石化学特征,喷发活动时间、喷发时的构造环境,并对该区玄武岩的岩石化学成分与扩张速率关系进行了讨论。     

青岛和诸城深源脉岩及包体的成因与构造背景

利用x荧光光谱和电子探针研完了青岛及诸城深源脉岩及其橄榄岩包体的岩石学和矿物化学特征,利用矿物地质温压计估算了其成岩平衡温压条件,确定它们为上地幔不同层次的深熔产物,推测它们形成于中生代晚期的岩石圈拉张背景。     

黄骅坳陷中区中生代构造演化

渤海湾盆地地区中生代构造演化与样式始终不明朗,特别是对燕山期变形始终存在争议,故选择黄骅坳陷中区中生界作为重点剖析对象,通过大量地震剖面的解释和平衡剖面技术复原古构造演化的研究,并结合前人研究成果和区域构造背景,提出黄骅坳陷中区中生代演化过程可大致分为4个阶段:印支晚期东西向宽缓褶皱及后期逆冲构造变形期、燕山早期挤压走滑构造变形期、燕山中期继承性挤压与右旋张扭构造变形期、燕山晚期一喜山期区域性伸展构造变形期。     

西沙岛礁基底花岗质岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

西沙地块作为南海中散布的微地块之一,迄今尚缺乏有关中生代构造-岩浆活动的岩石学资料或证据。在2012—2013年,中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司在西沙岛礁上设计实施了"西科1井"科学钻探,成功钻取了长达1 268.02m的岩心,并在井深1 257.52m处钻遇由变质岩和侵入岩组成的结晶基底。利用LA-ICP-MS分析测试技术,对取自岛礁基底的花岗质岩石进行了锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结合邻区和华南地区花岗质岩石的形成年代,探讨了与岩浆作用相关的大地构造环境。结果表明:西沙花岗质岩石在岩性上属碱长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,与南沙地块的花岗质岩石同为I型花岗岩,形成于活动陆缘构造环境下,其岩浆源区可能在一定程度上受到了幔源组分的影响;西沙岛礁基底花岗质岩石形成年龄在144~158 Ma之间,是晚侏罗世构造-岩浆作用的产物,在成岩时代上可与华南燕山期花岗岩进行对比,反映出由古太平洋板块俯冲机制诱发的燕山期岩浆活动对华南大陆和南海地区产生了广泛的影响;岩石学证据表明,西沙-中沙和南沙地块经历了燕山期多期次岩浆活动的改造,在基底构造上属华南大陆的延伸部分。     

南沙海域中生代构造挤压及其成因

为研究南海南部南沙海域中生界挤压构造变形特征及其成因,对研究区内多道地震剖面资料进行了解释,结果表明研究区内中生代地层曾遭受过不同程度的挤压变形,并在中生代末期遭受过强烈的剥蚀作用。为了进一步研究中生代地层的挤压构造特征,通过平衡剖面计算的方法去除了研究区新生代构造的影响并对中生代地层构造挤压率进行了计算。结果表明研究区的中生代地层曾遭受过两组相反方向应力的挤压,两组不同应力方向的挤压变形均表现为北强南弱和西强东弱的特征。这种挤压应力方向和强度的变化可能与古南海的扩张以及南沙地块不同部位向北漂移的速率有关。     

西沙岛礁基底花岗质岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

西沙地块作为南海中散布的微地块之一,迄今尚缺乏有关中生代构造-岩浆活动的岩石学资料或证据。在2012-2013年,中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司在西沙岛礁上设计实施了"西科1井"科学钻探,成功钻取了长达1 268.02 m的岩心,并在井深1 257.52 m处钻遇由变质岩和侵入岩组成的结晶基底。利用LA-ICP-MS分析测试技术,对取自岛礁基底的花岗质岩石进行了锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结合邻区和华南地区花岗质岩石的形成年代,探讨了与岩浆作用相关的大地构造环境。结果表明:西沙花岗质岩石在岩性上属碱长花岗岩和二长花岗岩,与南沙地块的花岗质岩石同为I型花岗岩,形成于活动陆缘构造环境下,其岩浆源区可能在一定程度上受到了幔源组分的影响;西沙岛礁基底花岗质岩石形成年龄在144~158 Ma之间,是晚侏罗世构造-岩浆作用的产物,在成岩时代上可与华南燕山期花岗岩进行对比,反映出由古太平洋板块俯冲机制诱发的燕山期岩浆活动对华南大陆和南海地区产生了广泛的影响;岩石学证据表明,西沙-中沙和南沙地块经历了燕山期多期次岩浆活动的改造,在基底构造上属华南大陆的延伸部分。     

菲律宾蛇绿岩及其大地构造意义

菲律宾出露有20余套规模各异的俯冲带上板块(SSZ)型蛇绿岩,它们的时代以晚中生代为主,仅少数为新生代。大多数菲律宾蛇绿岩出露相对完整,包括由二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩等组成的变质地幔岩,和堆晶辉石岩、辉长辉绿岩等深成岩,以及枕状玄武岩、熔岩等喷出岩,甚至燧石岩等上覆沉积物,部分发育席状岩墙群和与蛇绿岩相关的构造混杂岩及变质基底。其中喷出岩在地球化学特征上整体表现出类似MORB和IAT的REE配分模式,具LILE富集和HFSE (如Nb、Ta相对La、Th)弱到中等程度亏损的特征。通过对菲律宾蛇绿岩的形成年代、岩石组合、地球化学特征及构造环境的分析,并与东南亚地区其他同时代蛇绿岩和周缘边缘海进行对比,将菲律宾蛇绿岩分为两部分。(1)菲律宾活动带蛇绿岩,该蛇绿岩带自西向东出露晚中生代弧前、新生代弧前扩张盆地和晚中生代岛弧、弧后盆地的残留,推测晚中生代蛇绿岩来自中特提斯洋向古太平洋板块俯冲所形成的沟-弧-盆体系,是菲律宾新生代岛弧岩浆活动的基底,而夹于晚中生代蛇绿岩之间的始新世蛇绿岩来自老的岛弧基底之上由于新特提斯洋俯冲形成的弧前扩张盆地。(2)菲律宾陆块蛇绿岩,其中巴拉望微陆块晚中生代蛇绿岩来源于古南海,而构造叠置于它们之上的新生代蛇绿岩则来源于古南海俯冲对应形成的边缘海,如苏禄海和南海;三宝颜微陆块或可能是古南海的南部被动大陆边缘,其蛇绿岩可能是古南海的残片,抑或三宝颜微陆块可能是婆罗洲南部东爪哇-西苏拉威西地体的延续,故该蛇绿岩又可能是新特提斯洋的残片。     

Geological comparative studies of Japan Arc System and Kyushu-Palau Arc

Based on the published data of structure geology,geochronology,petrology and isotope geochemistry,the authors of this paper have conducted studies on the tectonic evolution history of Japan arc system and Kyushu-Palau ridge(KPR) . The studies show that the initial Japan arc system was resulted from the subduction of ancient Pacific plate beneath Eurasian Plate in Permian. It was part of an Andean-type continental volcanic arc which occurred in the offshore in the east of Asian during late Mesozoic era. The formation of tertiary back-arc basin(Japan Sea) resulted in the fundamental tectonic framework of the present arc system. Since Quaternary the system has been lying at E-W compression tectonic setting due to the eastward subduction of Amur Plate. It is expected that Japan arc system will be juxtaposed with Asian continent,which is similar to the present Taiwan arc system. The origin of Philippine Sea Plate(PSP) is still in debate. Some studies argued that it is a trapped oceanic crust segment,while the others insisted that it is a back-arc basin accompanied with ancient IBM arc. However,it is all agreed that the tectonic evolution of PSP started since 50 Ma,i.e.,PSP has drifted from the site around equator at 50 Ma to the present site,and the subduction of PSP along Nankai trough-Ryukyu Trench beneath the Japan arc system during 6-2 Ma led to the formation of the present Ryukyu arc system. Of the PSP,the KPR has been found with the oldest rocks formed at 38 Ma. Combining with its geochemical characteristics of oceanic arc tholeiite,it is suggested that KPR is an intraoceanic volcanic arc,more specifically,a relic arc(i.e.,rear arc of the ancient IBM) after rifting of ancient IBM. In addition,Amami-Daito province is of arc tectonic affinity,but has been affected by mantle plume. Therefore,based on their respective tectonic evolution history and geochemical characteristics of rock samples,it is inferred that there is no genetic relationship between Japan arc system and KPR. It is noted that rocks reflecting continental crust basement feature have been collected on the northern tip of KPR,which may be related to the process of KPR accreting on Japan arc,but the arc-continent accretion process are still at initial stage of modern continental crust accretion model. However,due to the scarcity of data of the northern tip of KPR,crustal structure of this location and its adjacent Nankai trough need to be further constrained by geophysical studies in the future.     

东海陆架盆地南部中生代构造演化与原型盆地性质

东海陆架盆地南部夹持于欧亚板块、太平洋板块与印度板块之间,是发育在前中生代基础之上的中、新生代叠合盆地。其构造演化受古太平洋板块俯冲及特提斯-喜马拉雅构造域的联合影响,经历了印支末期基隆运动、燕山期渔山和雁荡运动的叠加改造。结合浙闽隆起带中生代火成岩事件、盆地构造变形、沉积学的一些证据,通过海陆对比研究,认为东海陆架盆地南部早-中三叠世可能为面向古太平洋的被动大陆边缘盆地;晚三叠世-侏罗纪古太平洋板块已对中国大陆有较强的俯冲作用,东海陆架盆地及南部原型盆地为活动大陆边缘弧前盆地;白垩纪受控于滨海断裂表现为活动大陆边缘走滑拉分盆地;古新世-始新世火山岛弧向东移动,东海陆架变为弧后裂谷盆地。     

New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex (Campania)

A detailed reconstruction of the stratigraphic and tectonic setting of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay) is provided on the basis of newly acquired single channel seismic profiles coupled with already recorded marine magnetics gathering the volcanic nature of some seismic units. Inferences for the tectonic and magmatic setting of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex, a volcanic district surrounding the western part of the Gulf of Naples, where volcanism has been active since at least 50 ka, are also discussed. The Gulf of Pozzuoli represents the submerged border of the Phlegrean caldera, resulting from the volcano-tectonic collapse induced from the pyroclastic flow deposits of the Campanian Ignimbrite (35 ka). Several morpho-depositional units have been identified, i.e., the inner continental shelf, the central basin, the submerged volcanic banks and the outer continental shelf. The stratigraphic relationships between the Quaternary volcanic units related to the offshore caldera border and the overlying deposits of the Late Quaternary depositional sequence in the Gulf of Pozzuoli have been highlighted. Fourteen main seismic units, both volcanic and sedimentary, tectonically controlled due to contemporaneous folding and normal faulting have been revealed by geological interpretation. Volcanic dykes, characterized by acoustically transparent sub-vertical bodies, locally bounded by normal faults, testify to the magma uprising in correspondence with extensional structures. A large field of tuff cones interlayered with marine deposits off the island of Nisida, on the western rim of the gulf, is related to the emplacement of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff deposits. A thick volcanic unit, exposed over a large area off the Capo Miseno volcanic edifice is connected with the Bacoli-Isola Pennata-Capo Miseno yellow tuffs, cropping out in the northern Phlegrean Fields.     

南海北部陆缘构造属性研究进展

南海北部陆缘位于特提斯与古太平洋两大构造域的叠合部位,构造特征十分复杂,其构造属性一直是国内外学者争论的焦点,从主动陆缘到被动陆缘,火山型被动陆缘到非火山型被动陆缘等均有表述。南海复杂的形成机制以及东、西部构造差异性所引起的地球物理、岩浆活动等认识的异同,是造成南海北部陆缘构造属性认识差异的主要原因。通过与全球典型地区的比较研究,进一步加强对南海形成演化过程分析,开展大洋钻探与多学科综合分析,揭示南海海盆的多期扩张与多盆张裂特征,是认识南海北部陆缘构造属性的关键。探讨了南海三叉裂谷张裂模式,初步认为南海第1次扩张具有非火山型被动陆缘性质,第2次扩张具有火山型陆缘性质。     

Lower Tertiary volcanic rocks off Kristiansund — Mid Norway

Grab samples from the Norwegian continental shelf show that diapiric structures occurring within a sequence of Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments represent volcanic rocks consisting of porphyritic olivine-nephelinite. The KAr age of 55.7 ± 0.9 m.y. shows that the area affected by Lower Tertiary magmatism in the North Atlantic region also included the continental shelf off Mid Norway. The highly undersaturated nature of these volcanic rocks, however, indicates that they are unlikely to be closely related to the widespread tuff horizons of the same age known from the North Sea.     

西南非海岸盆地中生界构造-沉积特征与成藏条件

西南非海岸盆地位于南大西洋的非洲海岸地区,由上侏罗—下白垩统裂谷盆地和上白垩—全新统被动陆缘盆地叠合形成,是一个热点油气勘探区。在调研国外油气地质研究的基础上,根据地震、测井资料,详细描述了西南非海岸盆地在中生代的构造形态与沉积充填特征,明确了其纵向演化与横向迁移规律,并依据已知油气田的钻井与测试资料,综合分析了盆地油气富集的基本地质条件。研究表明,西南非海岸盆地始形成于侏罗纪晚期,早期以剧烈的断裂与火山活动为特点,裂谷盆地内部填充大量砂岩和页岩;在经历白垩纪巴雷姆期与阿普特期的过渡阶段后,于阿尔布期进入被动陆缘阶段,在过渡与被动陆缘阶段,盆地内部以细粒海相沉积为主,可见少量碳酸盐岩与盐岩。盆地阿普特阶主力烃源岩与其上覆的上白垩统碎屑岩储层共同组成了油气成藏组合。     

Stratigraphic division and depositional processes for the Mesozoic basin in Northern South China Sea

This paper divided the age of Mesozoic strata in the Northern South China Sea into epochs by the stratigraphic correlation between land and sea areas. A Mesozoic stratigraphic profile from South China to the northern continental slope of the South China Sea was constructed by ground and seismic surveys. The depositional process was illustrated by the chronostratigraphic framework of the Mesozoic basin, and the oil and gas exploration prospect was discussed. Results indicate that the depositional process from the initial transgression in the Late Triassic to the Mesozoic maximum flooding event that occurred in the Early Jurassic period formed a continuous transgression when the depositional environment varied from littoral to semi-closed gulf and shelf. After this maximum flooding event, a continuous marine regressive process developed, including seawater withdrawal from the South China epicontinental region at the end of the Early Jurassic period, seawater withdrawal to the outer shelf of the Northern South China Sea at the end of the Early Cretaceous period, and seawater withdrawal to the slope trough at the end of the Cretaceous period. Research achievement not only connects major Mesozoic geological events but also specifies the time nodes of such events. Thus, an investigation of this event is significant to the Mesozoic tectonic evolution study of the South China Sea and Paleo-Pacific Ocean.