密闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法测定花岗伟晶岩中32种微量元素

花岗伟晶岩富集锂铍铷铯铌钽等稀有金属元素,准确测定其中的大离子亲石元素、高场强元素和稀土等微量元素,可用于判断成矿流体物质来源、成岩构造环境。目前的测试方法研究主要集中在锂铍铷铯铌钽等少数元素,样品消解方法有四酸敞开法、五酸敞开法、密闭酸溶法等,存在难溶矿物分解不完全、锆铪钍铀和稀土等元素回收率偏低等问题。本文对比了盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸敞开消解法、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-硫酸敞开消解法、硝酸-氢氟酸密闭消解法三种方法的分解效果。结果表明：四酸消解法中,铌钽锆铪钨和重稀土元素结果严重偏低;五酸消解法由于采用硫酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系提取,有效地防止了铌钽的水解,铌钽钨等元素测定结果准确,但锆铪钡铅和轻稀土元素测定结果偏低。硝酸-氢氟酸密闭消解法使用王水代替硝酸进行残渣复溶,促进了铌钽锆铪和稀土等元素的复溶,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)可以准确测定花岗伟晶岩中稀有金属、稀土元素等32种元素,方法检出限为0.004～2.50μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)为1.0%～8.3%。将该方法应用于8种花岗岩、伟晶岩及稀有金属矿标准物质和三种类型实际样品...     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定粉煤灰中的镓

粉煤灰中镓元素含量为12～230μg/g,测定粉煤灰中的镓对实现粉煤灰高附加值利用具有重要的意义。传统敞口酸溶法作为样品的预处理方法存在局限性,如需使用大量氢氟酸,对分析仪器腐蚀大,溶样时间长,在开放容器中易造成元素损失和环境污染。微波消解法具有消解完全、元素损失量少、消解时间短等优点,可以有效解决酸溶法的不足。本文选取内蒙古某电厂采集的粉煤灰,采用硝酸-氢氟酸-盐酸-高氯酸微波消解法对粉煤灰样品进行预处理,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定元素含量。结果表明:使用硝酸-氢氟酸-盐酸-高氯酸(5∶1∶5∶1),消解温度190℃,消解时间30min,微波功率1400W时,镓被浸出完全。方法检出限为0.004mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%,加标回收率为95.1%～100.9%。本方法在体系中引入盐酸,减少了氢氟酸的用量,显著缩短了除氟时间,降低了对分析仪器的损害,且操作方便,可应用于粉煤灰中微量元素镓的测定。     

高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锰矿石中的稀土元素前处理方法研究

高压密闭消解因称样量小、用酸量少、空白低等优点成为测定稀土元素前处理的主要方法。但锰矿石组分复杂,锰含量差别较大且具有多种不同价态,常含有伴(共)生金属和其他杂质,该方法采用常规酸溶体系很难将其消解完全,造成ICP-MS测试结果不准确。本文从样品前处理消解效果出发,选择锰矿石标准物质GBW07261、GBW07263、GBW07266和一个锰矿石样品,试验了三种酸溶前处理方法对锰矿石稀土元素测试的影响。结果表明:方法一(氢氟酸-硝酸密闭消解,硝酸复溶提取)不能将锰矿石样品完全消解,测定值偏低0. 28%～61. 31%;方法二(氢氟酸-硝酸-双氧水密闭消解,硝酸-双氧水复溶,硝酸提取)和方法三(氢氟酸-硝酸密闭消解,盐酸复溶,硝酸提取)均可将锰矿石样品消解完全,用ICP-MS测定稀土元素的数据较为接近,与传统的过氧化钠熔融ICP-MS法测定值吻合。但实验过程中发现对于锰含量较高的样品,方法三需多次重复加入盐酸复溶后方可将样品消解完全,而方法二复溶一次即可。因此,方法二对锰矿石样品的消解效率更高,精密度好(0. 96%～2. 68%),加标回收率在95. 0%～107. 0%之间,更适用于锰矿石中稀土元素的分析。     

全量消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤样品中镉

土壤样品经盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解后,加热至冒高氯酸白烟除尽氟后,制成4%硝酸溶液,加入磷酸氢二铵、硫脲、EDTA二钠盐混合液作为基体改进剂,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定镉的含量。经国家一级分析标准样品验证,结果与标准值相符。     

电感耦合等离子体原子光谱法测定土壤样品中25个元素

采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子光谱法测定土壤中25个主量、次量和微量元素。筛选了不同溶矿方法和仪器参数条件,方法精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.57%~3.50%。方法经国家一级土壤标准物质分析验证,测定值与标准值吻合。     

微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中8种金属元素

微波消解结合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)是土壤样品中金属元素测定的常用方法,其前处理可以采用不同的消解体系,但是消解体系对分析结果的准确性影响较大。此外,应用ICP-MS测定某些元素时干扰的存在会影响结果的准确性。基于上述问题,本文优选三个酸体系微波消解溶样,采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)测定土壤样品中8种金属元素(Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和U)的含量,对比研究了由不同用量硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸混合组成的三个酸消解体系对国家土壤标准物质的消解效果,确定了最优前处理方法。结果表明：经国家土壤标准物质验证,采用HR-ICP-MS检测,在不需要干扰校正的情况下,酸体系Ⅰ(6mL硝酸+3mL盐酸+3mL氢氟酸)和酸体系Ⅱ(2mL硝酸+6mL盐酸+1mL氢氟酸)的测定值与标准值相吻合,方法检出限为0.001～0.715μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=6)小于7.0%。从消解情况、准确度和精密度比较,酸体系Ⅰ稍优于酸体系Ⅱ;从酸用量比较,酸体系Ⅱ酸用量最少。两种酸体系的样品处理方法均具有较高的适用性和可靠性,都可用于土壤样品中8种金属元素含量的直接测定。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量银的研究

传统的应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中的痕量银,一般采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸电热板加热溶样,使用铱、铂为基体改进剂,但存在分析流程繁琐、成本高等缺点。相比于电热板消解法,微波消解技术的高压密闭消解和微波快速加热等特点,具有酸用量少、消解完全、消解过程损失少等优点。本文对传统的微波消解和仪器工作参数进行了改良,确定了最佳测定条件。建立了HNO_3-H_2O_2高压密闭消解样品,石墨炉原子吸收法测定水系沉积物、土壤、岩石中痕量银的方法。采用65%的HNO_3和H_2O_2微波消解溶样,加入12 g/L硫脲为介质,消除了基体干扰。方法检出限为0.018μg/g,将所建立的分析方法用于沉积物标准物质(GBW07309、GBW07311)、土壤标准物质(GBW07402、GBW07404)和岩石标准物质(GBW07103、GBW07104)验证,结果显示测定值与推荐值吻合,准确度△lg C(GBW)≤±0.024、RE(GBW)≤±5.71%,精密度RSD(GBW)≤5.97%。该分析方法适用于大批化探样品中痕量银的测定。     

应用电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定西藏样品中铜铅锌等9个元素

采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解样品,应用电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定西藏样品中铜铅锌等9个主量、次量和微量元素。在测定时筛选了不同溶矿方法和仪器参数条件,方法精密度(n=12)为RSD<10%。该方法经国家一级标准物质分析验证,其测定值与标准值吻合较好。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定石英砂中15种杂质元素

用氢氟酸-高氯酸消解体系分解样品,建立了石英砂中铁、钛、镁、锰、锌、铜、铅、砷、镉、镍、铬、钴、锑、铝、钡等15种杂质元素的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定方法。系统研究了氢氟酸-高氯酸和氢氟酸-硫酸消解体系对测定结果的影响,对氢氟酸、高氯酸试剂的用量、消解温度和仪器条件等参数进行了优化。选取石英砂样品进行加标回收试验,方法平均回收率为90.4%~110.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于5.0%,检出限为0.17~0.88μg/g。方法简单、快速,样品一次前处理即可完成多种元素的检测,灵敏度高,精密度好,可满足生产企业对石英砂产品和原料杂质含量的控制。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定化探样品中的砷和锑

准确测定砷和锑的含量是化探样品测定中的重要内容。本文介绍了测定这两种元素的一种新方法,笔者基于原子荧光光谱仪,试样经氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸混酸微波消解,高氯酸-硫酸混酸蒸发除去氢氟酸,由盐酸-酒石酸混合溶液定容,从而得到样品中准确的砷、锑含量。本方法砷、锑校准曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.999;检出限分别为砷0.039μg/L、锑0.005 8μg/L。按照实验方法测定水系沉积物、土壤标准物质中砷、锑,结果的相对误差砷为1.52%～6.77%,锑为1.25%～7.17%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)砷为2.27%～5.15%、锑为1.88%～5.81%。本方法适用于化探样品中砷含量在0.05～500μg/g、锑含量在0.05～300μg/g之间的样品测定。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861