ON THE DISCOVERY OF THE GRAPTOLITE-SHALE FROM LIENTAN,YüNAN DISTRICT IN KWANGTUNG PROVINCE AND ITS STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION

During the years of 1869-1870 von Richthofen~1 first studied the geologyof Kwangtung province.His journey was,however,only confined to atraverse route along the North River from Sanshui,Chüchiang to Hunan province.The geology of the West River districts w     

EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISM AND ITS TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE ALONG THE TWO SIDES OF THE RED RIVER FAULT ZONE

The Red River Fault Zone is a gigantic slide-slip fault zone extending up to 1000km from Tibet to South China Sea. It has been divided into the north, central and south segments according to the difference of the geometry, kinetics, and seismicity on the land, but according to the contacted relationship between the old pre-Cenozoic block in Indochina Peninsula and the South China block, the Red River Fault Zone was divided into two parts extending from land to ocean, the north and south segments. Since the Tertiary, the Red River Fault Zone suffered first the sinistral movement and then the dextral movement. The activities of the north and the south segments were different. Based on the analysis of earthquakes and focal mechanism solutions, earthquakes with the focus depths of 0-33km are distributed over the whole region and more deep earthquakes are distributed on the northeastern sides of the Red River fault. Types of faulting activities are the thrust in the northwest, the normal in the north and the     

The Relation between Iron and Phosphorus Components, Recognized in the Phosphor ous Iron Ore Deposits of the Magmatic Water Origin.

In those ten years, during the prospecting and developing of the many iron oredeposits scattering along the Lower Yangtze River especially fromWuhu to Nanking 1 have recognized that the phosphorus content in the orebodies was not distributed even in the same ore body.     

Mercury in river sediments, floodplains and plants growing thereon in the drainage area of the Idrija mine, Slovenia

Half a millennium mercury production at Idrija is reflected in increased mercury contents in all environmental segments. The bulk of roasting residues from the middle of the 19th century to 1977 was discharged directly into the Idrijca River, and the material was carried at high waters to the Soca River and farther into the Adriatic Sea. It has been estimated that 45500 tons of mercury were emitted into the environment during the operating period of the mine, which ceased production in 1994. In the lower reaches of the Idrijca the riverine deposits with high mercury contents have been, and will be in the future a source of mercury polluted sediment. Stream sediments were monitored at the same locations along the Idrijca and Soca rivers （70 kin） every 5 years since 1991 （1991-2005）. Grain size distribution was determined by dry sieving and fractions for geochemical analysis were prepared （〈0.04 and 〈0.125 mm）. Soils on river terraces were sampled at 5 localities in the lower course of Idrijca. At two locations of the terrace profiles the samples of averaged meadow forage and plantain （Plantago lanceolata） were collected within a 50-meters radius. We found that there was no decrease in mercury concentration in active river sediments during the last 20 years. Upstream from the Idrija Town the mercury concentrations in active river sediments vary from 1 to 10 mg/kg （average 3.3 mg/kg）. From Idrija to Spodnja Idrija the mercury concentrations increase extremely and vary greatly （32-4,121 mg/kg, the average is 734 mg/kg）. From Spodnja ldrija to the Idrijca-Soca confluence is the average 218 mg/kg, and 57 mg/kg downstream in the Soca River sediments.     

Note on Some Uranium Minerals from Eastern Kuangsi

正 Several years ago, while the separation of tin-sands of the Fuhochung districts was being carried out in our institute. Prot. J. S. Lee and Mr. K. Chang noticed that some of the heavy mineral constituents exhibited unusual physical     

Effects of climate change on relationship between water and salts of waters ecosystems in arid zone, China

The process of salinization has increased dramatically over the past several decades in the northwest arid zone of China. Soil salinization has been recognized as a major environmental problem for many years in the Tarim River Basin. It is the key issue of solving the soil salinization problem to study interaction between water and salt in arid zone, which will provide useful principle and methodology to its solution. Taking Tarim River and Bosten Lake for example, by systematically collecting the basic data of hydrogeology, meteorology, and social economy, we analyzed the interaction of water and salt of Tarim River and Bostan Lake in natural and artificial conditions in aspects of basins, oases, lakes and marshes. The results showed that： （1） Temperature and precipitation are both increasing gradually in the whole Tarim River Basin, the climate tends to be come warmer and wetter, but the water quality condition is not optimistic; （2） At the end of the 1950s, mineralization degree was less than 1.0 g/L from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Tarim River. At present, it is more than 3.0 g/L in Alaer Lake （the upper reaches of the Tarim River） except in July, August and October, during which it is less than 1.0 g/L. In Qiala （the lower reaches）, it is more than 1.0 g/L except in March, moreover, it is about 5.0 g/L in July and December. The eco-water conveyance project implementation has still not improved Tarim River＇s water quality condition; （3） Bostan Lake was a tiny salt-water lake in the late 1950s, but the water-soil development of the oasis has aggravated the salinization in recent thirty years. Since the West Pumping Station was brought into operation in 1982, the Bostan Lake which accumulated salt has begun to be desalted. We consider that climate may not be the key factor for salinization in this area. Instead, socio-economic factors relevant to human activities should be mainly responsible for such changes, as is confirmed by our further analysis. In order to improve present situation of water-soil salinization, water resources utilization and management should be strengthened, highly efficient and water-saving irrigating technology should be spread,     

TYPES AND GENESIS OF THE IRON DEPOSITS IN SOUTHERN ANHUI

In the province of Anhui along the Yangtze River, especially on the south of it there occur many iron deposits. They have been described in "The Iron ore deposits and iron industry of China" by Dr. F. R. Tegengren published by the Geological Survey in the Memoir Series A, No. 2. However Dr.     

V.K.Ting Biographical Note

V. K. Ting was born in 1887 at Huangchiao village, Tai-hsing district, Kiangsu province. His intelligence was early noticed ashe has received excellent marks at the first graduate examination at theage of thirteen years. In the examination paper he wrote eloquently on theaccomplishment of Han Wu-ti in developing the south-western area of     

MESOZOIC GRANITIC MAGMATISM AND METALLOGENY IN THE KHENTEY RANGE,MONGOLIA

1 Introduction Petrogenesis of Mesozoic granitoids in Mongolia that comprise the Mongol-Okhotsk foldbelt was studied during more than 40 years.This belt is well known province of the Mesozoic magmatism and mineralization including gold,copper and molybdenum,tin and tungsten,lead and zinc,and fluorite.In the middle of the 1950's Chen Guoda proposed the diwa theory to explain tectonic activity in Chinese platform.In Russian Far East for similar processes the activization (revivation) theory was proposed which explained intracontinental events in the Mongol-okhotsk foldbwlt.     

The Formation of the Qarhan Saline Lakes as Viewed in the Light of Neotectonic Movement

Investigations on stratigraphy, geomorphology and neotectonic movement in the Eastern Kunlun Moun-tains show that there existed a series of ancient lakes, including some saline lakes. in the studied region about30,000 years ago, They were distributed south of the middle Kunlun fault. from the middle-upper reaches of thepresent Narin Gol River in the west to the Alag Lake-Tosou Lake in the east. Of these the ancient Narin GolLake and Kunlun Lake were mainly recharged by the hot water related to valcanos. so the B, Li and K con-tents are relatively high. The neotectonic movement that commenced at 30.000 a B.P. caused the river system in the EasternKunlun Mountains to invade southwards. as a result the ancient lake water was captured to recharge theQarhan area. Therefore, the hot springs related to recent volcanism and faulting on the southern bank of theupper reaches of the Narin Gol River became an important source of saline materials for the Qarhan Lake.     

Mg, Al and F transfer features from granite to soil and to tea in the Three-Gorges Dam region from 2003 to 2006

Taipingxi, Yichang, Hubei province, China, is situated on the left of the Three-Gorges Dam of the Yangtze River. The bedrock is granite. Yhe Three-Gorges Project began to sluice in June, 2004. The contents of magnesium, aluminum and fluoride in rock and s…     

Climate Change and Its Effect on Annual Runoff in Lijiang Basin-Mt. Yulong Region,China

Based on the meteorological and hydrologic data in the Lijang(丽江) basin from 1979 to 2006,variational trend and characteristics of climate change and its effect on runoff in Yanggong(漾弓) River were examined in the study.The results show that the temperature have significantly increased in the drainage basin during the past 28 years.The average temperature increased markedly from 1979 to 2006,and the increase of temperature in winter was higher than those in other seasons.The annual precipitation varied with...     

Dynamic change of landscape pattern and hydrological ＆ geochemical characteristic analysis before and after the emergency water transportation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, China

The Tarim River is the longest continental river in China. During the past five decades, intensive human exploitation of natural resources, especially water resources in this area has caused serious eco-environmental problems. The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is situated on the brink of the grave. To save the Green Corridor, emergency water transportation measure was taken by the local government from the year 2000. The landscape pattem and hydrological ＆ geochemical characteristics had changed greatly after emergency water transportation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. After processing the remote sensing images in the years 2000 and 2005 using ARCGIS 9.0 software, which present the landscape pattems before and after the emergency water transportation, characteristics of dynamic change of landscape pattem were analyzed. The landscape pattern change is described as follows： The forest land, waters, cultivated land and construction landscape area increased, particularly the forest land, which increased by 23.03% during the last 5 years. The water landscape change was only inferior to the forest land, which increased by 16.04%. The lawn, sand and Gobi saline-alkali land area was reducing; lawn and cultivated land had made the biggest contribution to the increase of forest land by 6.46% and 4.79%. In the year 2005, landscape diversity index, evenness index, ffactal dimension and general fragmentation values increased, but dominance index reduced. Furthermore, the eco-hydrological process, hydrological ＆ geochemical characteristics were analyzed based on the monitoring data in this paper. The results showed the hydrological ＆ geochemical characteristics changed greatly after emergency water transportation. Hydrological geochemical characteristics were influenced earlier in the upper part than in the lower part in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Variations in the concentration of some major ions and hydrological chemical types are obvious.     

Impacts of acid mine drainage on a stream in subtropical China during a major flood event

Field and laboratory work was carded out to investigate the chemistry and ecotoxicity of stream water affected by acid mine drainage in a tributary catchment of the Pearl River in subtropical China during a major flood event that corresponded to a return period of 100 years occurred in the study area. The results indicate that stream water was affected by acid mine drainage from the Dabaoshan Mine at least to a distance of 25 km downstream of the mine water discharge point. It appears that sulfide-H^＋ from the waste rock dumps was readily available for discharging and the amount of H^＋ being transported outwards depended on the volume of out-flowing waters. However, there was a lag time for the discharge of the metals. This may be attributed to the slower release of metals, relative to H^＋, because it might take more time for the dissolution of heavy metal-bearing compounds. Fe, Zn and Al were the major metals of potential toxicity contained in the AMD-affected stream water, followed by Mn, Cu, Pb, As, Cd and Ni. Acute toxicity tests show that the AMD-affected stream water at 3.5 km downstream of the discharge point was highly toxic to the test organisms.     

Genesis of the Xinqiao Gold-Sulfide Orefield, Anhui Province, China

The Xinqiao S-Fe-Cu-Au orefield is located in the Tongling ore cluster in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in East China. There have been many researches regarding the genesis of the Xinqiao orefield in recent years, showing that it belongs to various types, such as sedimentary-reformed type, stratabound-skarn type, sedimentary submarine rocks-hosted exhalative type. We propose that it was formed in two periods of mineralization base on systematic field observation and Pb and S isotopic analyses in nearly ten years. The first period was formed during a syngenetic sedimentary process, whereas the massive sulphide orebodies are mainly related to the Yanshanian granitic magmatism. Sulfide metallic mineral associations show zoning around a granite intrusion, i.e. magnetite and pyrite→pyrite, chalcopyrite and native gold→pyrite, sphalerite and galena. Gold orebodies occur outside the contact zone of the granite intrusion.     

Predicting groundwater level of wells in the Diyala River Basin in eastern Iraq using artificial neural network

Al-Mansourieh zone is a part of Al-Khalis City within the province of Diyala and located in the Diyala River Basin in eastern Iraq with a total area about 830 km2.Groundwater is the main water source for agriculture in this zone.Random well drilling without geological and hydraulic information has led the most of these wells to dry up quickly.Therefore,it is necessary to estimate the levels of groundwater in wells through observed data.In this study,Alyuda NeroIntelligance 2.1 software was applied to predict the groundwater levels in 244 wells using sets of measured data.These data included the coordinates of wells(x,y),elevations,well depth,discharge and groundwater levels.Three ANN structures(5-3-3-1,5-10-10-1 and 5-11-11-1)were used to predict the groundwater levels and to acquire the best matching between the measured and ANN predicted values.The coefficient of correlation,coefficient determination(R2)and sum-square error(SSE)were used to evaluate the performance of the ANN models.According to the ANN results,the model with the three structures has a good predictability and proves more effective for determining groundwater level in wells.The best predictor was achieved in the structure 5-3-3-1,with R2 about 0.92,0.89,0.84 and 0.91 in training,validation,testing and all processes respectively.The minimum average error in the best predictor is achieved in validation and testing processes at about 0.130 and 0.171 respectively.On the other hand,the results indicated that the model has the potential to determine the appropriate places for drilling the wells to obtain the highest level of groundwater.     

Geochronology of Intermediate-Acid Intrusive Rocks from Tongling, Anhui

1. Introduction Tongling district is situated in the southern part of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Anhui province, China (Fig.1). It is one of the most important metal base in China, being rich copper material resources, also named "ancient copper capital of China". Many geologists have been working in petrology, tectonics and ore-deposits in the area for many years. Studies show none of the ore-deposits is not bound up with the intermediate-acid intrusion in the area (Ma…     

Aquatic chemistry of the Rudnaja River affected by mine tailings and processing plants

In the bed of the Rudnaja River( Primorye, Russia) the influents of the polymetallic mine tailings and processing factories affected the river water chemistry, especially heavy metal concentrations. Decreasing of production in the last 10–15 years was re…     

CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM IN GANSU PROVINCE Regional Geological Serveying Team,Bureau of Gansu Geology and Mineral Resoureces

The strata of Carboniferous System are widespread and well exposedin Gansu Province.Varieties of depositional types are very rich in fossilswhich make this province served as one of the important districts for thestudy of the Carboniferous System in China.