黑龙江省气候变暖对极端天气气候事件的影响

黑龙江省1980年以来气候变暖已成为事实，气候变暖导致天气气候极端事件的发生，主要表现在：①大雨暴雨次数增加；②30℃以上极端最高气温平均日数下降；③-30℃以下极端最低气温平均日数明显减少；④初霜日平均后延2～5天；⑤终霜日，北部中部提前3～5天而南部延长；⑥夏季低温次数明显减少，北部减少多于南部；⑦大旱年次数增多，大涝次数北少南多，西南部地区为旱涝敏感区。     

1951—2015年通辽市科尔沁区日气温特征分析

文章利用通辽国家基本气象站1951—2015年逐日最高气温、最低温度和日平均气温,计算了3个要素序列的算数平均值、中位数、众数及样本标准差等基本统计量,分析了每个气温等级出现的频次和不同气温段的气温日较差出现日数、日最高气温〉30℃日数和日最低气温≤-20℃日数等。结果表明：（1）该地极端最高气温达39.4℃,极端最低气温为-33.9℃,最高气温出现在7月12日,最低气温出现在1月17日。（2）全年26.1~28.0℃的最高气温出现频次和16.1~18.0℃的日最低气温出现频次最高。（3）一年中,日最高气温在0℃以上的天数占全年总日数的75%;日最低气温在0℃以下的日数占全年总日数的46%;日较差〉10℃的日数占全年总日数的69%。（4）1981—2015年平均气温比1951—1981年明显升高,表现为低温日数明显减少,而近10a不仅冬季低温日数减少而且夏季高温日数明显增多。     

海南岛汛期降水变化特征及其与旱涝的关系

选用海南岛18个市县气象观测站1981-2017年日降水资料,利用线性趋势、相关分析等方法研究了海南岛汛期降水变化特征及其与旱涝之间的关系,结果表明:汛期小雨日数的大值区主要分布在中部山区,中雨、大雨日数的大值区主要分布在中部、东南部地区,暴雨、大暴雨日数的大值区主要分布在中部、东部地区,而特大暴雨日数的大值区主要分布...     

1961—2021年四川省区域性暴雨过程时空变化特征

利用四川省156个国家气象观测站1961—2021年逐日降水资料,运用暴雨过程综合识别方法及评价指标,探讨四川省区域性暴雨过程时空变化特征。研究表明：1961—2021年四川省共出现875次区域性暴雨过程,过程次数逐年变化整体呈弱增长趋势,综合强度在20世纪90年代到21世纪初持续偏弱,21世纪以后呈现较明显增强趋势。四川区域性暴雨过程主要发生在6月下旬到9月上旬,大多持续1～2 d,区域性暴雨日数大值中心主要分布在盆地西部和东北部,阿坝州中部和东部、甘孜州东南部及攀西地区东北部,6—8月区域性暴雨日数大值中心从盆地东部逐渐向西部变化,9月则在盆地北部;盆地各月平均过程雨量以西部和东北部最强,攀西地区6、9月区域性暴雨日数偏少,但中部和东北部过程雨量强度未明显减弱。     

1981-2015年招远市气温变化征分析

文章利用招远国家气象观测站1981-2015年气温观测资料,运用趋势滑动平均和线性倾向估计方法对招远气象站气温变化特征进行了分析.结果表明:1981-2015年招远气象站年平均气温以0.22℃/10a的速率呈明显上升趋势,且具有明显的阶段性变化特征.季节平均气温均以不同速率上升,冬季气温上升趋势最为显著.年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈上升趋势,年平均最低气温上升趋势最显著.受热岛效应的影响,年平均最低气温的上升速率远大于年平均最高气温.除夏季平均最高气温呈缓慢下降趋势,其他季节均呈上升趋势,且冬季平均最低气温上升趋势最为明显.平均最低气温的快速上升使得气温日较差呈减小趋势.     

1961—2021年广西东兴市暴雨日数气候特征分析

利用1961—2021年广西东兴国家地面气象观测站逐日降水量资料,采用气候趋势分析、小波分析等数理统计方法,对东兴近61a不同等级的暴雨日数气候特征进行了研究分析。结果表明,东兴暴雨总日数及不同等级暴雨日数具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征,近61a东兴暴雨总日数存在2～4a、6～9a的准周期振荡。暴雨总日数在20世纪90年代为最多,20世纪60年代为最少;全年各个季节和月份均有暴雨发生,主要发生在5—9月,暴雨总日数年内呈单峰型分布,峰值出现在7月,后汛期暴雨明显多于前汛期。持续性暴雨过程主要出现在夏季,最长过程持续时间为8 d。     

黄山雾凇气候特征及旅游气象指数预报

利用1956年至2018年黄山风景区气象观测资料,分析了黄山雾凇气候变化特征。结果表明: 黄山年均雾凇日数63.3天,最多年份为82天,最少为35天,年雾凇日数呈减少趋势;雾凇出现最早月份在10月,最迟在5月,冬季月份雾凇日数占全年约为7成,最多为1月,最少为5月;黄山雾凇的平均初日为11月7日,最早初日为10月8日,平均终日为4月7日,最迟终日为5月12日,连续最长雾凇日数为32天;近20年黄山雾凇出现气温范围为-18.7～1℃,风速范围为0～20.6m/s,任何风向均能出现雾凇;南北向的雾凇直径、厚度和重量略大于东西向,最大值出现在1、2月份,最大直径为230mm,最大厚度为105mm,最大重量为1138g/m。气温、湿度和风速均与雾凇强度呈现显著性相关,最低气温和水汽条件是影响黄山雾凇形成的关键气象因子,风速主要影响雾凇大小。占绝大多数的微量雾凇日数达不到雾凇景观标准,能形成雾凇景观的日数年均20.1天。利用影响雾凇景观形成的关键气象因子建立了黄山雾凇旅游气象指数,经实践检验准确率良好,可为气象业务应用提供预报参考,提升黄山旅游气象服务品质。     

一次转折性天气的预报

1 简 述 1992年绥化地区严重的干旱持续到初夏,6月上旬中受强冷空气侵袭,我区出现了5—7天的低温阴雨天气,降水明显偏多,发生了历史同期罕见的局地大雨和暴雨,本旬气温偏低4℃—5℃,出现了夏季冷害,对这次转折性天气,预报准确,取得很好的服务效果。     

1981—2015年招远市气温变化特征分析

文章利用招远国家气象观测站1981—2015年气温观测资料,运用趋势滑动平均和线性倾向估计方法对招远气象站气温变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:1981—2015年招远气象站年平均气温以0.22℃/10a的速率呈明显上升趋势,且具有明显的阶段性变化特征。季节平均气温均以不同速率上升,冬季气温上升趋势最为显著。年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈上升趋势,年平均最低气温上升趋势最显著。受热岛效应的影响,年平均最低气温的上升速率远大于年平均最高气温。除夏季平均最高气温呈缓慢下降趋势,其他季节均呈上升趋势,且冬季平均最低气温上升趋势最为明显。平均最低气温的快速上升使得气温日较差呈减小趋势。     

广西气候之最

最热的地方是北海市涠洲岛,年平均气温为23.0℃。最冷的地方是乐业县,年平均气温为16.3℃。极端最高气温出现在1958年4月23日的百色县,高达42.5℃。极端最低气温出现在1963年1月15日的资源县,低至-8.4℃。日最大降雨量出现在1971年5月31日的灵山县,降雨量为498.3毫米。年最多降雨量出现在1968年的东兴站,这一年的雨量为3531.7毫米。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.