辽宁庄河地区构造变形及构造演化初探

辽宁庄河城区构造活动强烈，构造变形样式多种多样，反映了在不同体制下，构造变形由下部构造层次到上部构造层次的系统变化，从早期褶皱变形到后期破裂变形过程中岩石韧性递减的系统演变，笔者利用构造解析方法，初步确定了该区的构造序列并探讨了构造演化过程。     

筏子坝铜矿区岩石构造变形特征

甘肃文县筏子坝铜矿产于扬子地块北缘长城系阳坝组中。矿区岩石构造复杂,构造变形强烈,共发现6种不同的构造变形样式。经与区域岩石变形对比,厘定出矿区岩石变形序次。其中"韧性剪切变形"对矿床各铜矿体具良好控制作用,决定了矿体的空间展布形态,其找矿意义显著。     

筏子坝铜矿区岩石构造变形特征

甘肃文县筏子坝铜矿产于扬子地块北缘长城系阳坝组中。矿区岩石构造复杂,构造变形强烈,共发现6种不同的构造变形样式。经与区域岩石变形对比,厘定出矿区岩石变形序次。其中"韧性剪切变形"对矿床各铜矿体具良好控制作用,决定了矿体的空间展布形态,其找矿意义显著。     

鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩石磁组构分析及其构造意义

岩石磁组构分析可用来研究岩石的组构特征及构造变形。鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩石磁组构具有磁各异性度Ｐ和磁百分率各向异性值Ｈ高、磁化率量值椭球呈压扁状、磁面理发育而磁线理不发育的特点。区内韧性剪切带变形强烈,以压扁作用为主,最大主压应力方向近ＮＥ和Ｓ－Ｎ向,以右旋运动为主。韧性剪切带形成以后,区内主要经历了热蚀变和脆性变形,韧性变形很弱     

艾肯能塔格韧性剪切带

艾肯能塔格韧性剪切带位于东天山干沟至却勒塔格一带的古元古界兴地塔格岩群中，构造上属于中天山隆起带并受控于阿其克库都克大断裂．岩性主要为一套花岗质糜棱岩、糜棱岩化火山岩、糜棱岩化碳酸岩等．岩石变形较强，韧性剪切宏观构造明显，显微变形发育．存在两期变形特征，变形时代为中下奥陶世洋盆闭合时，剪切位移量为8km左右．     

鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩磁组构分析及其构造意义

岩石磁组构分析了可用来研究岩石的组构特征及构造变形。鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩石磁组构具有磁各异性度Ｐ和磁百分率各向异性值Ｈ高、磁化率量值椭球呈压扁状、磁面理发育而磁线理不发育的特点。区内韧性剪切带变形强烈,以压扁作用为主,最大主压应力方向近ＮＥ和Ｓ－Ｎ向,以右旋运动为主。韧性剪切带形成以后,区内主要经历了热蚀变和脆性变形,韧性变形很弱。     

辽西兴城—台里韧性剪切带北段变形特征

辽西兴城—台里地区发育系列花岗质岩石,强烈构造变形特征均显示其具有韧性剪切带的特点。对剪切带北段进行详细宏微观构造解析,结合岩石变形强度差异性分析、有限应变测量、石英C轴EBSD测试以及古差异应力值估算等研究,结果表明剪切带内花岗质片麻岩和眼球状花岗质片麻岩具有NEE向左行剪切变形特征,变形岩石为S-L构造岩,应变类型属于平面应变,古差异应力值介于30~40 MPa之间。长石-石英矿物温度计以及石英C轴EBSD组构指示剪切带以中低温变形为主,温度在400℃~500℃,属绿片岩相变质,具中-低温韧性剪切带特征。韧性剪切带内普遍存在变形分解现象,弱变形带内岩石残斑含量较高,眼球状构造和S-C组构较为发育;强变形带岩石残斑含量较低,剪切面理较为发育,糜棱面理发育较弱或者不发育。     

桂东南那卜韧性剪切带的基本特征及形成机制

野外地质、几何学、运动学及构造应力场研究表明，桂东南卜韧性剪切带具两期活动性质：主期变形机制具右行走滑性质，而前期变形机制以压扁作用为主。通过野外调研和室内综合分析，详细论述了该韧性剪切带的构造样式、岩石组合、显微组构以及韧性变形过程中的岩石转变等，并初步探讨了韧性剪切带的应变、形成环境和变形机制。     

甘肃北山地区变形岩石X光组构特征及其构造意义

通过对甘肃北山地区变形岩石的X光岩组分析，得知该区岩石变形比较强烈。石英变形机制是以中低温底面型或近底面型滑移为主，部分为中高温柱面Ⅰ型和柱面Ⅱ型滑移系。从岩石组构特点结合宏观构造分析，可以推测榴辉岩是在其形成之后经过比较长时间的结晶恢复后才被抬升出露地表的。该区属于中浅-中等层次(10～20km，T=300～450℃，p=0．25～0．50GPa)的韧脆性-韧性变形。变形运动学和动力学特征是伴有右行剪切的压扁变形。最大主压应力(σ1)为南北向，这与该区处于塔里木板块与哈萨克斯坦板块聚合边界的构造部住和构造变形带的演化历史相吻合。     

糜棱岩研究的若干理论与应用初评

糜棱岩是一种在固态下发生流动和动态重结晶的强烈变形岩石，是韧性变形的产物，其分类应以糜棱岩化基质与碎斑的比例为主要标志。当前，国内外在对糜棱岩的显微构造及宏观特征、变形机制、变形环境、空间展布的研究方面，取得了较大进展，同时也提出了有待深入探讨的新课题。     

熊耳山北坡含金断裂带显微变形构造及其成因机制探讨

本区金矿化产于太古界结晶基底之上的中元古界熊耳群陆相火山岩中，成矿断裂集中分布在4条带上，断裂构造具多期活动特征，存在两类不同的变形，韧性变形在宏观上表现为强片理化带，显微构造十分发育，脆性变形具张性特征，与矿化关系密切，本对这两类变形的产物－糜棱岩和同生石英脉的显微构造，地球化学特征和形成机制，含金性等方面进行了详细研究。     

黔东南锦屏-天柱地区构造控岩控金特征模拟实验及其力学分析

在前人工作基础上,侧重研究石英脉型金矿床成矿的地质背景,建立了该类型金矿的成矿模式。进而开展三轴温压条件下的成岩成矿实验,构造形变特征及其与成矿物质活化、迁移、富集之间的相互关系的模拟实验。实验结果表明:(1)该区岩石、矿石在高温高压条件下,产生塑性变形(褶皱)和脆性变形(破裂);(2)在变形过程中使成矿物质活化、迁移和富集,形成顺层及穿层的含金石英脉,并在多期多次变形过程中使成矿物质叠加富集;(3)在褶皱(背斜)轴部形成富矿体。模拟实验结果与所建立的该类型金矿构造控矿和成矿模式非常相似。实验资料的力学分析表明,由轴压所产生的构造附加压力大大地提高了实际围压,从而促进了岩石流变、变形和物质的迁移,由此促进含矿流体向构造附加压力小的部位定向迁移、充填和成矿。构造附加压力是促进该区金成矿的重要动力条件。     

Sediment slump structures: a review of diagnostic criteria and application to an example from Newfoundland

In the study of the history of deformed sedimentary rocks it is important that the cause of the deformation and the timing of deformation relative to metamorphic and tectonic events be assessed. There is a continuous gradation between the deformation of freshly deposited sediments by gravitational forces and the deformation of well-lithified sediments by tectonic forces, so determining the degree to which gravity, tectonism and lithification influenced deformation can be very difficult. The characteristics that may be considered in determining the origin of deformational structures in sedimentary rocks can be divided into five categories: Ductile deformation structures (1) can provide definitive criteria for recognizing post-lithification deformation, but not pre-lithification deformation. This also holds for (2), brittle deformation structures and décollements. Overprinting of sediment reworking or remobilization structures (3) are the best criteria for recognizing pre-lithification structures. Fabrics (4) can be very useful but are as yet poorly understood, and there are misconceptions in the literature about what sort of fabrics are or are not found in unlithified sediments. Spatial relationships (5) may also tell us a great deal, but are most useful when taken in conjunction with other types of evidence.Complex fold patterns in sandstones on Farmer Head, north-central Newfoundland, provide a case study for criteria that may be used to determine the degree of lithification during deformation. Although these folds have been interpreted as slump folds by earlier workers, fabrics and spatial relationships point to a tectonic post-lithification origin for the structures, a conclusion which has significant implications for the interpretation of the regional geology.     

开平煤田构造发育规律对煤层赋存的影响

依据开平煤田地质勘查和矿井开采资料,并结合前人的研究成果,在系统分析地质构造展布规律和组合特征的基础上,选取NW向剖面作为平衡剖面,采用平衡剖面方法,对煤田构造变形及其对煤层赋存影响进行了研究。研究表明：开平煤田标志层缩短率为e=～23．5％,地层变形程度总体自NW—SE减弱;唐山推覆构造巾间后屯断层与FV断层所夹岩体变形更为强烈,缩短率达到42．9％;开平向斜NW翼地层陡倾甚至倒转,煤层韧性流变和脆性流变广泛发育,唐山矿FⅢ断层上部煤层形成不协调褶皱,局部煤层形成煤仓。     

广东莲花山断裂带韧性剪切带变形特征及其与成矿的关系

莲花山断裂带是中国东南陆缘重要的NE向构造带。该断裂带不仅是区域上重要的二级构造单元分界线,也控制着广东省最重要的锡铜多金属成矿带。前人研究表明,莲花山断裂带内的韧性变形与锡铜多金属成矿关系密切,但对于莲花山断裂带内的韧性变形展布特征及其对成矿作用的贡献,还存在着较多争议。本次研究,通过对莲花山断裂带进行大比例尺的矿田构造填图,实测典型地质剖面等手段,结合拉伸线理产状的测量和显微构造的观察,认为断裂带内的韧性变形由自北向南一系列近NE60°走向的剪切带雁列展布而成,各剪切带之间呈大致平行展布。在韧性变形之后,这些雁列状的剪切带又被30°走向的脆性断层所切割。莲花山断裂带内的韧性变形控制着矿体的形态和规模,后期岩浆-热液活动利用先存韧性剪切带的空间,成矿元素在韧性变形的裂隙中沉淀富集成矿。莲花山断裂带内找矿勘探工作部署应该围绕断裂带内韧性变形的区域,并注意韧性变形附近次一级的容矿裂隙。     

Geodynamic evolution of a Cadomian arc region: the northern Ossa-Morena zone, Iberian massif

Ductile deformation and polyphase metamorphism in the Ossa-Morena zone of the Iberian massif are related to two major tectonothermal episodes of Cadomian (late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian) and Variscan age (middle to late Paleozoic). The available petrological, structural and geochronological data suggest that a number of tectono-metamorphic and magmatic episodes occurred during the 620–480 Ma interval that would comprise a complete Cadomian Wilson cycle. The geodynamic scenario was that of an Andean-type continental margin. An evolutionary model is presented for this orogeny comprising stages of volcanic arc generation, crustal thickening, back-arc extension, tectonic inversion and cratonization. A correlation with comparable areas from pre-Mesozoic massifs elsewhere in Europe is proposed, in particular with the Armorican massif of northern France.     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗早白垩世宝德尔花岗岩伸展穹隆的确定及其地质意义

内蒙古宝德尔穹隆是发育在苏尼特左旗中蒙边境地区的不对称同构造伸展穹隆。该穹隆由内向外由核部早白垩世花岗岩、边缘韧性剪切带和脆性拆离断层组成,上盘为未变形的早二叠世花岗闪长岩、泥盆系片岩和早白垩世盆地,韧性剪切带和拆离断层仅发育在穹隆西南部。区域构造解析和显微构造分析表明,岩体侵位和韧性剪切带形成于同一构造应力场,指示上盘统一向NW方向剪切,变形程度由未变形的岩体核部向外侧逐渐增强,面理的形成与岩体的侵位和隆升过程密切相关。因此,该穹隆和东北亚其他岩浆穹隆相似,是不对称的花岗岩穹隆,反映了区域伸展拆离环境下侵位的同构造花岗岩穹隆的特点。     

山东文登金矿成矿动力学研究

本文通过古应力估算，流体包体研究，应变测量以及矿化蚀变规律研究，探讨了山东文登金矿的动力作用与金成矿的主要关系，认为构造动力作用的金成矿的主要原因，韧性剪切作用向韧－脆性变形作用的过渡过程是金成矿的必要条件之一。     

Extrusion tectonics inferred from fabric study of the Guanzizhen ophiolitic mélange belt in the West Qinling orogen,Central China

The recently identified Guanzizhen ophiolitic mélange belt (GOMB) in the West Qinling orogen is regarded, by many geochemical and geochronological works, as the westward extension of the Shangdan belt in the East Qinling that separated the North and South China blocks. The GOMB trends generally NW–SE and comprises ophiolites and forearc volcanic–sedimentary complex (the Liziyuan Group). Ductile shear zones with various widths are a striking structural feature of the GOMB and studying them could contribute to a better understanding of the tectonic processes of the collisional orogeny in this area. Here we characterize the deformation style of these shear zones by combining the low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data, microstructural and field observations. The new dataset demonstrates that the deformation of these ductile shear zones is dominated by dextral transpressional shearing under low amphibolite grade condition. Combining the dextral transpression of the GOMB and the coeval sinistral transpression of the Shangdan belt in the East Qinling, we propose a Late Triassic bilateral extrusion tectonics of the Qinling orogen in response to the collision between the Ordos and Sichuan blocks.     

Sapphirine in SW Sweden: a record of Sveconorwegian (–Grenvillian) late-orogenic tectonic exhumation

In the Sveconorwegian granulite region of SW Sweden, sapphirine occurs in reaction coronas in Mg- and Al-rich kyanite eclogites which form parts of mafic complexes. Aluminous to peraluminous sapphirine forms symplectitic intergrowths with plagioclase±corundum±spinel after kyanite. Kyanite and omphacite were the main reactants in the formation of sapphirine. The sapphirine formed during decompression from the eclogite facies ( P >15  kbar) through the high- to medium-pressure granulite and upper amphibolite facies at c. 750  °C. Preserved growth zoning in garnet, frozen-in reaction textures, and chemical disequilibrium suggest a rapid tectonic exhumation. Ductile deformation in the surrounding gneisses and parts of the mafic complex is characterized by foliation development, WNW–ESE stretching and dynamic recrystallization under granulite to upper amphibolite facies conditions, simultaneous with the sapphirine formation. This decompression, high-grade re-equilibration and associated deformation took place during the exhumation of the Sveconorwegian eclogites, bracketed between 969±14 and 956±7  Ma. Probable tectonic causes are late-orogenic gravitational collapse and/or plate divergence following the Sveconorwegian–Grenvillian continent–continent collision. There are no indications of metastability of aluminous and peraluminous sapphirine in the decompressed kyanite eclogites; sapphirine is stable in amphibole-poor and amphibolitized varieties, including rocks that have undergone dynamic recrystallization. Close similarities between rocks from different parts of the world with respect to reaction textures suggests that sapphirine+plagioclase-forming reactions are a universal feature in high-temperature decompressed kyanite eclogites.