国外主要有色金属矿产

“国外主要有色金属矿床”由有色总公司北京矿产地质研究所主编,和中南工大地质系、昆工地质系和吉林矿产地质所等四单位合编,是一部大型参考工具书。本书介绍国外铜、铝、锌、镍、钨、锡、钼、锑、汞、金等11种主要有色金属的1807个矿床(区)的概况:包括矿床及矿石类型、储量、品位、矿床特征,成矿时代及采选规模等简要情况;并将各矿床(区)分别绘在地质图上,共十幅,同时以地质经济等实际资料为基础,对其分布、主要矿产国、主要矿床类型,矿产储量、供求状况及展望等进行了综合研讨,并附有中文及外文矿床(区)名称索引。书后并列有主要参考文献241篇。全书共601页,共计8824字。可供有色金属工业、矿业、地质、经济、贸易人员和有关师生参考。     

贵州硅质原料类矿产地质特征及找矿方向

本文以《中国矿产地质志·贵州卷》项目为依托,对贵州硅质原料类矿产的种类、矿床类型及地质特征、找矿方向进行了系统分析研究。重点认为:贵州硅质原料类矿产的种类主要有石英砂岩,其次有粉石英和脉石英。主要矿床类型包括机械沉积型矿床(石英砂岩,细分为河湖沉积矿床和滨海沉积矿床两个亚类)、风化型矿床(粉石英)、浅成中—低温热液型矿床(脉石英),它们的成矿作用及含矿地质体、分布区域、矿床地质特征等各不相同。从而,先后从矿种、含矿地层及沉积相、工业用途、地理—交通—环保等角度进行了找矿方向概略分析,可供该类矿产的区域找矿工作参考。     

《化工矿产地质》简介

<正>《化工矿产地质》(季刊)是化学矿产地质研究院主办、中国化学矿业协会协办的国内外公开发行的学术性刊物,是化工系统唯一的地学科技期刊。《化工矿产地质》全面反映化工矿产资源的蕴藏、分布规律、开发利用技术,学术动态及相关信息,是置身于化     

《化工矿产地质》简介

<正>《化工矿产地质》(季刊)是化学矿产地质研究院主办、中国化学矿业协会协办的国内外公开发行的学术性刊物,是化工系统唯一的地方科技期刊。《化工矿产地质》面向反映化工矿产西苑的蕴藏、分布规律、开发利用技术、学术动态及相关信息,是置身于化工领域的地学资源园地,《化工矿产地质》自1979年创刊以来     

《化工矿产地质》简介

<正>《化工矿产地质》(季刊)是化学矿产地质研究院主办、中国化学矿业协会协办的国内外公开发行的学术性刊物,是化工系统唯一的地学科技期刊。《化工矿产地质》全面反映化工矿产资源的蕴藏、分布规律、开发利用技术、学术动态及     

《化工矿产地质》简介

<正>《化工矿产地质》(季刊)是化学矿产地质研究院主办、中国化学矿业协会协办的国内外公开发行的学术性刊物,是化工系统唯一的地学科技期刊。《化工矿产地质》全面反映化工矿产资源的蕴藏、分布规律、开发利用技术、学术动态及     

《化工矿产地质》简介

<正>《化工矿产地质》(季刊)是化学矿产地质研究院主办、中国化学矿业协会协办的国内外公开发行的学术性刊物,是化工系统唯一的地学科技期刊。《化工矿产地质》全面反映化工矿产资源的蕴藏、分布规律、开发利用技术,学术动态及相关信息,是置身于化工领域的地学资源园地。《化工矿产地质》自1979年创刊以来,始终遵循办刊宗旨,坚持"求深、求新、求实"的办刊方针,期刊质量不断提高,近几年连续获得了多项奖励和各种荣誉。《化工矿产地质》主要介绍、传播化工矿产资源地质勘查与开发战略分析、科研设计和开发利用中的新理论、新成果和新产品,宣传国土资源规划利用、环境保护与灾害防治的政策法规及化工地质矿山企业改革、建设和生产中的新方法和新经验。《化工矿产地质》主要栏目有:基础地质;矿床地质;岩石与矿物;水、工、环地质;勘探技术;数学地质;经济地质;选矿工艺;实验测试;工作研讨;最新地质科技信息、矿山及矿产品信息、研究动态、综述、重要会议简讯等。     

《化工矿产地质》简介

<正>《化工矿产地质》(季刊)是化学矿产地质研究院主办、中国化学矿业协会协办的国内外公开发行的学术性刊物,是化工系统唯一的地学科技期刊。《化工矿产地质》全面反映化工矿产资源的蕴藏、分布规律、开发利用技术,学术动态及相关信息,是置身于化     

现行磷矿地质勘查规范存在问题研究探讨

对现行磷矿地质勘查规范中存在的一些问题进行了研究探讨。主要讨论了勘查类型划分、工程间距的确定、资源量估算、共伴生矿产工业指标等问题。勘查类型的划分应允许有过渡类型;对差异很大的多矿体矿床应针对不同矿体分别确定勘查类型;勘查类型的确定应实行量化指标;勘查工程间距应按不同成因的矿床确定差异标准。各勘查阶段对各类资源量应确定合理的量化比例,并与现行矿业管理政策相统一;对鄂西地区有自然分层的硅酸盐型磷矿床类型中的富矿层资源量估算应调整为按自然分层圈定;对高镁磷矿石一般工业指标应做出调整;对共伴生矿产应根据当前回收利用技术水平制定共伴生矿产回收利用的量化指标。     

矿勘携手 互补双赢北京金有地质勘查有限责任公司在京成立

由中国黄金总公司和有色金属矿产地质调查中心共同出资组建的北京金有地质勘查有限责任公司 (以下简称金有地质公司 )于 9月 2 8日正式成立。金有地质公司董事长杨志刚日前在接受记者采访时说 ,中国黄金总公司拥有采选冶技术、矿山经营管理、融资筹资等优势 ,需要有新的、更多的黄金等金属矿产资源来开发 ;有色地调中心拥有探矿权、矿产勘查信息、技术、管理、筹资等优势 ,需要矿业开发的合作伙伴 ,需要将探矿优势转化为经济优势。强强联合 ,优势互补 ,必将产生“聚变” ;矿业公司与地勘单位携手 ,必将促进我国商业地质的发展。金有地质公司…     

墨西哥中——新生代成矿系列和成矿带划分及其大地构造意义

墨西哥是矿产资源大国,其中产量最高的包括银、铜、铁、铅锌等。这些矿产的生成主要源于多种多样的矿床类型和各式各样的矿化类型,其中浅成低温热液型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型、IOCG(铁氧化物铜金)型是最突出的矿床类型。这些矿床的形成与北科迪勒拉山系的形成有关,体现了联合大陆长期积聚或解体的某些阶段,尤其是中新生代成矿带的空间展布特征与其形成的大地构造环境密切相关。划分的9个构造-岩浆-成矿带,分别形成3个俯冲成矿系列,即从沿海到内陆依次发育的IOCG型铁铜金成矿带→斑岩型铜钼金成矿带→浅成低温热液型银金多金属成矿带,分别代表太平洋古板块、法拉隆板块和科科斯板块向北美板块从俯冲、挤压到碰撞后伸展的板块构造岩浆成矿环境。这类俯冲边界型成矿系统的主体部分是西马德里造山带岩浆弧中的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿系统和盆岭省中的火山岩控制的浅成低温热液型银金矿成矿系统。     

The state and the regulation of biodiversity: International biopolitics and the case of Mexico

In this article, the evolving forms of biodiversity politics are examined in the light of regulation theory and in the tradition of materialistic state theory (Gramsci, Poulantzas, etc.). Biodiversity politics is not so much oriented toward the conservation of biodiversity as towards the creation of a stable political-institutional framework for its commercialization. In this contested and contradictory process, the nation state plays a crucial role. After a few remarks on the theoretical assumptions, some basic elements of the international regulation system of genetic resources are presented. The main topics of international biodiversity politics beside conservation are: access to biodiversity and its genetic resources, benefit sharing from its use and intellectual property rights. A major problem of this system is the relationship between varying negotiation processes in different fora. Another closely connected problem is the contradictory relationship between different regulatory levels at different spatial scales (international, regional, local). These contradictions are analyzed for the case of Mexico. Central issues of Mexican biodiversity politics, and the different actors, forces and interests are outlined and discussed against our initial theoretical reflections. Bioprospecting projects in the south of Mexico have raised questions of legal and legitimate forms of access, which have generated growing concern and significant disputes within Mexico. Finally, some conclusions are drawn, binding together the theoretical with the empirical results of our study.     

The Basin of Mexico aquifer system: regional groundwater level dynamics and database development

The aquifer system of the Basin of Mexico is the main source of water supply to the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone. Management of the Basin’s water resources requires improved understanding of regional groundwater flow patterns, for which large amounts of data are required. The current study analyses the regional dynamics of the potentiometric groundwater level using a new database called the Basin of Mexico Hydrogeological Database (BMHDB). To foster the development of a regional view of the aquifer system, data on climatological, borehole and runoff variables are part of the BMHDB. The structure and development of the BMHDB are briefly explained and then the database is used to analyze the consequences of groundwater extraction on the aquifer’s confinement conditions using lithology data. The regional analysis shows that the largest drawdown rates are located north of Mexico City, in Ecatepec (a region that has not yet received attention in hydrogeological studies), due to wells that were drilled as a temporary solution to Mexico City’s water-supply problem. It is evident that the aquifer has changed from a confined to an unconfined condition in some areas, a factor that is responsible for the large subsidence rates (40 cm/year) in some regions.     

An alternative Pangea reconstruction for Middle America with the Chortis Block in the Gulf of Mexico: tectonic implications

Understanding Pangea breakup requires a robust reconstruction, and this article focuses on the Middle America sector of the supercontinent. Although most Pangean reconstructions locate the Yucatan Block along the southern USA, the Chortis Block is generally placed off southern Mexico (Pacific model), undergoing sinistral relative motion during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. However, the Pacific model is inconsistent with the absence of a Cenozoic fault linking the Cayman transforms and the Middle America Trench. We present an alternative Pangean reconstruction, where both the Yucatan and Chortis Blocks are placed in the future Gulf of Mexico, moving Mexico westwards along the Mojave–Sonora megashear to accommodate overlap with South America. Subsequent Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution is inferred to have occurred in two stages: (i) Jurassic clockwise rotation along the Mojave–Sonora and West Florida megashears, followed by (ii) Cenozoic anticlockwise rotation along the Sierra Madre Oriental and East Yucatan megashears. The first stage is linked to the breakup of Pangea where the Gulf of Mexico formed as a pull-apart basin. The second stage is related to the evolution of the Caribbean where the Chortis and Yucatan Blocks rotated into the trailing side of the Caribbean Plate (pirate model). The new reconstruction is consistent with major parameters, such as (i) gravity, magnetic, and palaeomagnetic data; (ii) the westward continuation of the Cayman transform faults through the Chiapas foldbelt and along the N–S front of the Sierra Madre Oriental foldbelt; (iii) the 27–19 Ma removal of the southern Mexican forearc; (iv) offset of the Cretaceous volcanic arc (Guerrero-Suina); (v) the deflection of the Laramide orogen (Sierra Madre Oriental–Zongolica–Colon); and (vi) the continuity of Cretaceous platformal carbonates containing Caribbean fauna across Middle America. In this latter context, the Motagua high-pressure belt is interpreted as a Cretaceous extrusion zone into the upper plate above a subduction zone rather than as an oceanic suture.     

Metropolitan growth and labor markets in Mexico

The objective of this paper is to examine the main changes in the metropolitan labor markets associated with economic restructuring in Mexico during the late 1980s and beginning of the 1990s. The analysis refers particularly to the four largest metropoles of the country, Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey and Puebla, looking for common characteristics in their emergent employment structures now strongly differentiated in terms of rewards, stability in employment relations and conditions of access to jobs. The analysis reveals that largest metropolitan areas have been the most profoundly affected by the economic restructuring resulting from globalization, through a rapid de-industrialization and the expansion of the tertiary sector. Metropolitan labor markets in Mexico, at the time that show signs of social polarization in the formal sector, put in evidence a general process of precarization – less labor stability, replacement of permanent by part-time jobs, and increasing subcontracting –, segmentation of the labor force, and an increasing informal conditions of economic activities with small businesses and unskilled, temporarly and poorly paid jobs. The labor force segmentation and its more precarious and casual conditions are mostly explained by the impact of recent neoliberal policies, and recurrent economic crisis during the 1980s and 1990s which highly contributes to social inequality.     

The dilemma of decontamination: A Gramscian analysis of the Mexican transgenic maize dispute

An intense environmental dispute surrounds the maize-fields of Mexico. Mexican maize traditional varieties (or ‘landraces’) constitute a global genetic resource that may well be critical to future agricultural development and corn breeding. Many environmentalists, farmers, and consumers in Mexico are therefore concerned that their maize landraces may have been ‘contaminated’ by imported transgenic maize, grown in the USA. The criticisms of this transgenic technology are complex and call into question the nature of the boundary between political and ecological (i.e. scientific) disputes. Our paper surveys these criticisms, and this political-scientific boundary, in a three-part analysis. First, we turn to Gramsci’s notes on science from his eleventh prison notebook to rethink the political ecology of transgenic maize, i.e., the way the ecological analysis of transgenic introgression is treated as politics. Second, we present the multiple criticisms of transgenic maize as scalar phenomena. Third, we review the recent scientific literature on transgene introgression to evaluate recent calls for the ‘decontamination’ of Mexican maize. Our reading illustrates two dilemmas facing the group that occupies the hegemonic subject-position in this dispute, ecological scientists. First, the popular desire to ‘decontaminate’ Mexican maize exceeds their capacities (due to complications involved with sampling). Second, although the political debate surrounding ‘contaminated’ Mexican maize exceeds science, the boundary between the dispute’s scientific and parascientific elements cannot be adjudicated scientifically. In other words, the boundary between science and politics is porous. Thus in two respects the dispute is ecological, yet beyond the capacity of this science to resolve. Yet, following Gramsci, these findings should not lead us to see science as mere ideology, or apolitical, or encourage a retreat into metaphysics. Rather it points to the need for a social transformation that sees science as “humanity forging its methods of research … in other words, culture, the conception of the world.” By exploring the dilemmas of decontamination, the dispute over transgene introgression in Mexican maize-fields provides an opportunity to elaborate upon Gramsci’s neglected insights into the politics of science.     

Geology and tectonics of the basin of Mexico and their relationship with the damage caused by the earthquakes of September 1985

Summary The earthquakes of 19 September 1985 (18.2° N, 102.7° W and a magnitude of 8.1 Richter scale) and of 20 (17.6° N, 101.8° W and a magnitude of 7.5 Richter scale) September 1985, caused the total or partial destruction of more than 2000 structures in Mexico City. The most affected areas are located along the fringes of and bordering old roadways, earthworks (dikes), aquaducts and pre-hispanic population centres. Ancient construction artificially modified the sedimentation in the basin of the Mexico Valley Lakes making the sub-soil of Mexico City more rigid near to the surface, and producing deviations of the surface seismic waves (Rayleigh waves and Love waves). Also, when earthquakes occur on the Pacific coast, seismic waves travel quickly through plutonic, metamorphics and continental and marine rocks of different ages, having high seismic velocities. When the seismic waves enter the poorly consolidated lake sediments having low seismic velocities in the Mexico City Basin, they produce an energy buildup that causes the phenomenon called magnification.There exists a direct relation between the amplification mentioned above and the presence of rigid bodies that are buried in the sub-soil. The length of these bodies is of the order of tens of kilometres horizontally with thicknesses less than 50 metres. These Rigid Barriers produce reflections and refractions of the surface waves along their borders with destructive consequences for the buildings. A correlation between the buildings and the houses damaged and destroyed and the location of the prehispanic construction on the sub-soil has been made which shows that the most damage happened in the borders of old roadways (i.e. Tlalpan road), perimeter walls (i.e. San Lazaro), aqueducts (i.e. Chapultepec Avenue), pyramids (i.e. Templo Mayor) and population centres (i.e. Tlaltelolco).     

Sediment provenance,sediment-dispersal systems,and major arc-magmatic events recorded in the Mexican foreland basin,North-Central and Northeastern Mexico

ABSTRACT

The Late Cretaceous-Paleogene Mexican foreland basin (MFB), defined herein, represents the southern continuation of the late Mesozoic Cordilleran foreland basin. Sandstone petrography, new detrital-zircon (DZ) U-Pb geochronology, and paleocurrent data indicate that much of the sedimentary fill of the basin was derived from an active Late Cretaceous-Paleogene magmatic arc, termed here the Mexican Cordilleran arc, on the western continental margin of Mexico. The oldest known strata of the proximal foreland basin in the Mesa Central consist of Cenomanian-Turonian turbidites. Sampled sandstones are compositional volcanic litharenites with abundant neovolcanic grains and a dominant, approximately syndepositional DZ age group ranging ~98–92 Ma that records a major magmatic event in the Mexican Cordilleran arc. Santonian-Campanian strata in the distal MFB consist of carbonate pelagites with abundant interbedded tuffs and tuffaceous sandstones. Represented by the Caracol and San Felipe formations deposited in the forebulge and back-bulge depozones, respectively, these strata form an arcuate outcrop belt ~700 km in length. DZ ages ranging ~85–74 Ma in the arc-derived tuffaceous strata record a second prominent magmatic event.

Two principal transport mechanisms delivered volcanogenic sediment to the MFB from multiple, simultaneously active arc sources during Late Cretaceous time: (1) Cenomanian-Turonian east-directed transverse fluvial systems transported volcanic-lithic sand rich in young zircon grains; and (2) airborne ash clouds transported Santonian-Campanian zircon grains to the distal foreland basin in prevailing Late Cretaceous northwesterly winds. Axial transport of sediment derived from active arc sources, Proterozoic basement and derivative sedimentary rocks in northwestern Mexico, in addition to transverse transport from the thrust orogen itself, represents a younger sediment-routing system, modified by advance of the foreland fold-thrust belt, to the Maastrichtian-Paleogene foreland of northeastern Mexico.     

Study on System of Faults in the Gulf of Mexico and Adjacent Region based on Gravity Data

In the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent landmasses,faults are very complex,and their distribution is closely related to plate tectonics,ocean-land boundary,and former structure.The plane position of the faults can be identified by the maximum characteristic of the vertical derivative of the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative(NVDR-THDR)of the Bouguer gravity anomaly.The apparent depth of the faults is inverted by the Bouguer gravity anomaly curvature property.Based on tectonic evolutionary processes and the plane distribution and apparent depth characteristics of the faults,a complete fault system for the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent areas has been established,including 102 faults.The apparent depths of 33 first-class faults are 16-20 km and for 69 second-class faults are 12-16 km.The F_1-2and F_1-3subduction fault zones are two caused by the subduction of the Cocos Plate into the old Yucatan and Chorti landmasses;F_1-11and F_1-12fault zones extend westward to the coast of Guatemala and do not extend into the continent;F_1-17and F_1-20faults,which control the boundary of the oceanic crust,do not extend southward into the continent.The fault system,which radiates in a"fan-shaped"structure as a whole,unfolds to the northeast.Faults of different nature and sizes are distributed in the Cocos Plate subduction zone,Continental,Gulf of Mexico,Yucatan old landmass and Caribbean Plate in NW,NNW,NS,NE and NEE directions.In the Gulf of Mexico region,the fault system is a comprehensive reflection of former tectonic movements,such as plate movement,drift of old landmasses and expansion of oceanic crusts.The first-class faults control the plate and ocean-continental boundaries.The second-class faults are subordinate to the first-class faults or related to the distribution of different sedimentary layers.