港珠澳大桥的客流车流量预测与功能定位

概述了港珠澳大桥的7个主要方案及分歧,把产生分歧的原因归结为大桥功能定位的差异.通过对1999～2002年往返香港至珠三角的过境客流和车流数据作定量分析,获得未来往返两地的过境客流和车流趋势预测数据,再结合珠三角以及珠三角各部分的经济发展状况得出港珠澳大桥的客流量和车流量的预测数据.根据港珠澳大桥的客流量和车流量预测结果和区域基础设施协调和发展规划理论,认为大桥的功能定位应为客、货运兼备;宜建设铁路、公路两用桥.     

缅北局势及其对中缅经济走廊建设的影响

通过系统梳理缅北局势发展历程,剖析冲突各主体的诉求,分析缅北局势对中缅经济走廊建设的具体影响,并从第三方介入构建缅军与少数民族地方武装之间双方认可的《全国全面停火协定》的视角提出应对的机制和措施。结果显示：目前,缅北局势呈现出冲突规模随时间推移持续上升的趋势,冲突从果敢爆发后向南北方向扩散并高度集中于中间区域;受地缘环境复杂和大国利益交汇影响,缅北冲突在短时间内无法消除;缅军与少数民族地方武装之间的冲突在短期内无法消除,冲突各方缺乏平等对话的平台与和谈共识,持续性冲突将是缅北的常态。缅北局势影响了中缅经济走廊建设,致使中缅经济走廊的投资项目无法有效推进,阻滞“人字形”走廊的通畅,并有损中国政府及企业在缅形象。针对缅北局势的影响,中国及其他国际组织等应认真调研和精确把握双方诉求和缅甸的局势,积极协助缅甸冲突双方、为主要政党搭建对话平台、构建平等的协商机制、促进和谈有效推进。经济走廊建设既要注重硬环境的建设,更要加强软环境的投资等,这些将是保证中缅经济走廊建设有效推进的关键。因此,以缅甸为突破口,在中国周边构建“一带一路”建设的样板,探讨落实倡议的有效路径,总结各类经验。     

The Role of Decorative Features in the Endurance of Vernacular Architecture in Kinnaur,Himachal Pradesh,India

The remote Himalayan region of Kinnaur in northwestern India is known for its carved wooden homes with decorative features. Relatively recent environmental policies have prompted limitations on wood collection. This, coupled with an increase in access to modern building materials, has resulted in dramatic changes in vernacular housing styles. Landscape analysis and interviews reveal that house form, building methods, and construction materials are all changing. However, decorative features are among the last remaining characteristics of the traditional house. This paper argues that small‐scale architectural features are a significant part of an enduring vernacular landscape and allow a region to preserve traditional styles and identity, while also moving forward as a modernizing society.     

Mining History: Mobilizing The Past In Struggles Over Mineral Extraction In Peru

This paper examines how the past is constructed and mobilized within contemporary Peruvian mining politics. Beginning with an exploration of tensions existing within the mining industry's relationship to its history, I analyze how mining proponents have sought to both naturalize today's mining expansion by locating it within a national history of extraction, while also working to break free from certain negative aspects of the industry's past. The paper then examines how the past is remembered and invoked within the context of on‐the‐ground struggles at a large‐scale gold mine in the region of Ancash. I address the contradictory ways in which local history is constructed in these struggles and document how memories of past experiences with mining inform how area residents understand and critique the “new” mining economy. This paper underscores the need to understand the complicated, selective, and often‐contradictory ways in which the past is made present in extractive industry conflicts.     

Representations of utopian urbanism and the feminist geopolitics of “new city” development

Increasingly over the past few years the building of new cities “from scratch” has become a key strategy to promote development across much of the Global South. While several projects are currently under construction, many others exist primarily as proposals awaiting adequate investment or government action. This paper builds on previous literature that considers representations of such projects – promotional materials, digitally-produced video simulations, and master plans – as key components in the production of imagined urban futures. Through an exploration of the proposed Zone for Economic Development and Employment (ZEDE) in Honduras, this article demonstrates a feminist geopolitical approach focused on how such representations of utopian urbanism circulate through the local communities slated for new city development. I examine how representations of future urban spaces and future urban governance regimes become appropriated by local residents in organizing opposition or otherwise making sense of the proposed project’s potential impact on their lives.     

西安市典型区域城市生境制图与自然保护规划研究

城市自然保护已成为城市生态建设的重要内容。城市自然保护有赖于相关数据采集、评价方法的建立和规划途径的支持。本文结合西安市典型区域,运用RS和G IS技术,探讨了城市生境制图的一般方法与程序,主要工作包括以下方面的:城市生境分类体系的建立;城市生境制图及数据库的建立;城市生境保护价值评价;城市生境链的规划。主要结论:①城市生境制图是一种多学科结合的综合性研究,为城市生态建设提供了新的数据源;②通过生境单元综合评价,有价值的生境单元及空间格局可被识别出来;③基于生境制图及评价的生境链规划为城市自然保护提供了一条极富操作性的途径。     

Data-driven estimation of building interior plans

This work investigates constructing plans of building interiors using learned building measurements. In particular, we address the problem of accurately estimating dimensions of rooms when measurements of the interior space have not been captured. Our approach focuses on learning the geometry, orientation and occurrence of rooms from a corpus of real-world building plan data to form a predictive model. The trained predictive model may then be queried to generate estimates of room dimensions and orientations. These estimates are then integrated with the overall building footprint and iteratively improved using a two-stage optimisation process to form complete interior plans.

The approach is presented as a semi-automatic method for constructing plans which can cope with a limited set of known information and constructs likely representations of building plans through modelling of soft and hard constraints. We evaluate the method in the context of estimating residential house plans and demonstrate that predictions can effectively be used for constructing plans given limited prior knowledge about the types of rooms and their topology.     

粤港澳旅游业发展的现状和合作前景分析

本文对粤港澳三地旅游业发展的现状及相互关系作了较为详细的分析，并根据三地拥有丰富的旅游资源、优越的区位和交通条件、鲜明的旅游形象以良好的合作历史等基础，展望了１９９７年和１９９９年港澳两地回归祖国后粤港澳三方旅游业合作的前景，并提出了进一步加强旅游管理部门的联系和协调，建立粤港澳大旅游区的整体形象，加强旅游产品设计工作，进一步加深旅游业界的联系和合作，以及建立粤港澳区域旅游信息网络等合作途径。     

The impact of slow growth policies on local economies: Through housing boom and bust

This case study considers the economic implications of various growth policies in the Sacramento region over the last decade. Counties and cities throughout the Sacramento region have varying policies and attitudes toward residential and commercial growth. Over the last decade we have seen extremes in development in the region, from the Roseville area which experienced a residential and retail explosion, to Davis, which has restricted growth to relatively few projects. Growth has impacted property and sales tax revenue, and city and county expenditures. Changes in the housing market and the economy over the past few years have had a large impact on new construction activity. This paper examines how cities and counties in the Sacramento region have weathered the housing boom and bust, based on their growth policies during the past decade. The relationship between growth policies, measured by building permits, local government revenue, housing markets, and employment is assessed. Comparisons are presented through charts and panel data regression. Rapid development leads to higher levels of sales tax revenue, coupled with greater volatility in sales tax revenue. Employment rises more quickly in areas that have a high level of non-residential construction relative to residential construction.     

Automatic extraction of building statistics from digital orthophotos

In this paper we discuss uses of image segmentation, feature extraction and Bayesian networks for identifying buildings in digital orthophotos and the utilisation of the results for the automated computation of building statistics. Our work differs from previous attempts in a number of ways. Firstly, image segmentation is accomplished using an adaptive multi-scale method which brings together region and edge information to segment the image into regions. Secondly, automated building feature extraction (e.g. corners) is optimised to fit with expert human annotation performance. The third aspect of this work is the exploration of Bayesian networks as a method for fusing available information (ranging from corner information to solar angles as indicators of shadow location) to classify segmented regions as corresponding to buildings or not. Such processes then permit the automatic compilation of building statistics.     

闽东北木拱廊桥建筑群地理空间响应研究

闽东北木拱廊桥建筑群是一个独特的地理建筑,很好的诠释了建筑与自然环境的关系,体现了建筑与周围的自然和人文环境同存共息关系.闽东北木拱廊桥建筑在技术应用上,结合人文的、生态的、经济的、地区的等进行不同程度的革新,推动新的桥梁建筑艺术的创造,是特殊自然条件的建筑拓展空间、延伸空间的典型.闽东北木拱廊桥建筑群在闽东北得以出现和保留与闽东北社会经济的发展过程有密切的关系,从地理学视角解读闽东北木拱廊桥建筑群是闽东北木拱廊桥研究的一个全新命题.     

主目标分析法对中缅铁路走向进行抉择

本文通过对比分析，采用主目标分析法，科学地确定中缅铁路的走向和路线，认为此线的选择是开拓西向南亚大市场的捷径新通道，同时也是兼顾滇西南经济发展的最佳决策．     

THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST AND REFORM IN THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION'S IDEOLOGICAL IMAGINATION

ABSTRACT. In pursuit of its foreign‐policy goals, the administration of President George W. Bush has attempted a dramatic reshaping of the vision of the Middle East in the American mind. References to the “new” or “greater” Middle East now include countries far outside traditional concepts of the region, including those in West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia. The administration argues that this region is defined not by cultural (Arab) or religious (Islam) characteristics but by a lack of democracy; hence a grand strategy is needed to execute reform. This article examines current U.S. efforts to achieve reform in the region, the components of the ideological construction of the New Middle East, the perceived role of Iraq, Turkey's potential role as a “model” for the region, and responses from the region to current U.S.‐led reform efforts.     

美丽中国建设的地理学使命与人地系统耦合路径

美丽中国是一个天蓝地绿、山清水秀、强大富裕、人地和谐的可持续发展强国。建设美丽中国是落实联合国2030年可持续发展目标的中国实践和国家样板,是推进人与自然和谐发展、守住“绿水青山”赢得“金山银山”的重要手段。地理学作为服务国家经济社会发展的交叉应用学科,其综合性和区域性特点决定了地理学家肩负着建设美丽中国、筑造美好家园的历史使命,责无旁贷地率先成为美丽中国建设的先行者和实践者,地理学倡导的人地系统耦合论是美丽中国建设的理论基石,地理学的学科交叉与综合集成是美丽中国建设与调控人地关系的实践手段,地理学的复杂系统模拟和优化方法为美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合路径选择提供了科学工具,综合地理区划是因地制宜地建设美丽中国的分区基础。地理学推进美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合路径包括:开展美丽中国建设的重大科技攻关和人地耦合试验示范;进行美丽中国建设的动态评估与人地耦合监测;编制美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合路线图与“十四五”规划行动方案;树立美丽国土观,在《全国国土空间规划纲要》中充分体现美丽中国建设目标;因地制宜地做好美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合区划,建设好美丽城市群和美丽公园群;先行开展美丽中国建设样板试点,总结美丽中国建设的人地系统耦合模式。通过这些耦合路径确保全国及各省市区按照美丽中国建设的时间表和路线图逐步接近目标值,在“比美健美”的竞建行动中实现美丽中国建设的总目标。     

Finnskogene I Norge

Recently, increased attention has been paid to the importance of everyday landscapes in the Western world, and a stronger political will to involve local participation in planning processes has emerged. The authors discuss the implementation of the political will to engage the Norwegian public in local heritage planning and whether or not this new role can have a mobilising effect on heritage protection. In Norway, cultural heritage managers have established methods for identifying valuable heritage assets in cultural historic landscapes. As increased responsibility for cultural heritage management is given to municipalities, more municipalities are making their own heritage plans to improve local heritage management. The article investigates how cultural heritage management in everyday landscapes is taking place, how heritage plans are developed, how local knowledge is involved, and what assets local residents appreciate in their environment, based on an in-depth study of two medium-sized Norwegian regional towns. The results show that local stakeholders were often invited to participate in planning processes, but that their contributions were largely kept out of official plans at the final stage. Further, the study revealed that memories and personal histories related to heritage appreciations are important elements in building identity, both at a personal level and at a local level.     

新时代的国土空间规划体系重建与制度环境改革

在全面推进生态文明建设背景下,急需建立适合中国国情的国土空间开发保护制度和国土空间规划体系,这是新时期建立空间治理体系的重要任务。在国务院新一轮的机构改革背景下,空间类规划的编制职能向自然资源部集中,急需探索和建立全国国土空间规划体系的总体框架和制度环境改革的推进路径。研究表明：国家国土空间规划体系的重建取决于三个方面,一是依赖于部门的职能整合,二是国土空间规划体系的整合与重构,三是依赖于制度环境改革。因此,在机构改革逐步完成的形势下,需要从国土空间规划体系重建与制度环境改革两个路径着手,从国家、省域、市县等层面阐述了中国国土空间规划体系的重建思路,构建五级四类、上下衔接、分级管理的国土空间规划体系。从确定国土空间开发保护制度、专业人才培养、规划资质管理、推进立法等几个方面推进制度环境改革。最后从推进国土空间规划立法、审批程序前置和推进相关法律法规修改完善等方面提出具体举措,以确立国土空间规划的法定地位与统领作用。结合新时期国土空间规划编制,提出了尽快出台国土空间规划编制办法和技术规程、重新调整中国国土空间规划编制的时序安排、加强技术队伍建设等若干建议。     

中国绿色发展时空演变轨迹与影响机理研究

绿色发展战略既是实现区域经济社会与资源环境耦合协调的重要内容,也是推进区域人地协调的重要路径。研究运用投影寻踪评价模型（PPM）以及基尼系数、变异系数、空间自相关和空间计量等方法分析中国30个省市区绿色发展时空演变轨迹与影响机理,得出以下结论：① 构建涵盖“绿色增长-绿色福利-绿色财富”三个维度的绿色发展系统,三个维度的协同一致和均衡发展是绿色发展的本质特征和内在要求;② 中国绿色发展指数呈逐年上升趋势,但增长速度较低,绿色发展虽然取得了显著成效,但问题与压力依然严峻。绿色增长和绿色福利指数均呈现增长趋势,年均增长率分别为5.77%、11.74%,绿色财富指数整体相对较低且增长缓慢,一定程度上反映了绿色财富指数增长的艰巨性和长期性;③ 绿色发展及其构成指数的区域差异呈逐渐缩小趋势,但差异程度依然较大,总体呈东部地区>东北地区>西部地区>中部地区的特征,绿色财富与绿色发展及其他构成指数空间分布错位,高高、低低空间集聚特征明显;④ 城镇化水平、产业结构、人口密度、科技创新、市场化、国际贸易是影响中国绿色发展的主要因素。研究从塑造生态文化理念、发展生态高效产业、提升资源环境承载能力和优化空间治理体系等方面提出对策建议,对中国生态文明建设和绿色发展推进具有一定的借鉴参考价值。     

Views From Above and Below: The Petronas Twin Towers and/in Contesting Visions of Development in Contemporary Malaysia

Large-scale urban transformation in Malaysia is the most visible sign of the rapid development which has accompanied the premiership of the current Prime Minister, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. The national capital, Kuala Lumpur, has seen the development of a new city centre (Kuala Lumpur City Centre, KLCC) which includes the world's tallest building, the Petronas Twin Towers. Using techniques from cultural geography, this paper provides a "reading" of the building. The paper first considers the symbolic role of the Petronas Towers in realising a state vision of national development, the so-called Vision 2020. The building is seen to both image Malaysia as a "world class" national player (and Kuala Lumpur as a "world city") as well as to promote new "ways of seeing" among national citizens. However, the paper also considers ways in which intended symbolic meanings are contested and the would-be hegemonic state vision reworked "from below" through everyday experiences of life in the city and the nation.     

中国西部干旱区开发中的生态环境建设方略

中国西部干旱区干旱缺水，荒漠化类型多样，生态环境脆弱。西北地区水土流失面积主要分布在黄土高原，黄河上、中游水土流失面积超过了33万km^2，年侵蚀模数一般在2000－9000t/km^2。塔里木河下游阿拉干地区的沙质荒漠化面积由1959年的1371.22km^2发展到了1996年的1494.29km^2，平均年增长率为0．24％，西部干旱区沙尘暴等自然灾害的危害程度及造成的损失在逐渐增大。通过多种措施保障干旱区的生态安全，是西部干旱区生态建设的出发点和立足点。从资金筹措、技术保障、建设模式、总体效益及管理形式等方面制订西部干旱区生态环境建设途径与方式。