Galileo系统的特点分析

随着“全球定位系统(GPS)”在各个领域应用的不断深入，欧盟也认识到了拥有自身卫星导航系统的重要性，经过长时间的协调和争论，终于在2002年3月26日由欧盟各国交通部长正式签署协议开始建设欧洲自己的卫星无线电导航系统-Galileo系统。我国在Galileo系统谈判阶段就开始与欧盟接触，寻求未来在Galileo系统上与欧洲相关的技术协作和系统共享，目前已经达成初步协议，并于2003年9月18日在北京成立了“中欧卫星导航系统培训与合作中心”。对该系统的总体设计思路、系统特点以及相关技术进行了分析。     

A new algorithm of energy suppression for satellite navigation

The satellite navigation anti-interference technique, especially space anti-interference technique, is subjected to many restrictions, such as cost, energy depletion, and so on, and the satellite signal strength is limited by the International Radio Advisory Committee, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and satellite companies. This paper focuses on satellite navigation systems, especially satellite navigation systems adopting direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). The notch filter is used to ...     

Inter-satellite communication and ranging link assignment for navigation satellite systems

Inter-satellite links improve the performance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) via communication and ranging. When there are limited facilities and links, a key challenge involves assigning links for the downlink of telemetry data in time and effective ranging. We describe this problem and propose a corresponding link scheduling method consisting of three steps. A genetic algorithm was used to identify optimal downlink routes for all non-visible satellites in the first step. The optimization of minimizing timeslot delays usually has multiple optimal routes. The optimal routes were selected to expand to a superframe’s length, which constituted a downlink route scheme for the superframe. The position dilution of precision (PDOP) of ranging links was limited through satellite selection in the second step. Four visible satellites with minimal PDOP were selected and scheduled with idle timeslots. The PDOP decreased with increasing links, and its upper limit was therefore determined by the selected satellites. The final step was to schedule idle timeslots for visible satellites unless the requested link number was met. To test the feasibility of the proposed method, the link assignment was implemented for 10,080 superframes of a typical GNSS constellation. The final link assignment enabled all satellites to transmit telemetry data back to the facility with a delay of no more than 4 timeslots (with one ground facility tracking), and more than 10 links were obtained with PDOPs approaching the minimum. These scheduling results confirm the utility of the method.     

GPS inferred geocentric reference frame for satellite positioning and navigation

Accurate geocentric three dimensional positioning is of great importance for various geodetic and oceanographic applications. While relative positioning accuracy of a few centimeters has become a reality using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), the uncertainty in the offset of the adopted coordinate system origin from the geocenter is still believed to be of the order of one meter. Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is capable of determining this offset to better than10 cm, though, because of the limited number of satellites, this requires a long arc of data. The Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements provide a powerful alternative for an accurate determination of this origin offset in relatively short period of time. Two strategies are discussed, the first utilizes the precise relative positions predetermined byVLBI, where as the second establishes a reference frame by holding only one of the tracking sites longitude fixed. Covariance analysis studies indicate that geocentric positioning to an accuracy of a few centimeters can be achieved with just one day of preciseGPS pseudorange and carrier phase data.     

卫星导航干扰抑制与信号增强算法研究

针对功率倒置(PI)抗干扰算法只能抑制干扰而不能增强导航信号问题,采用级联空域抗干扰算法．第一级通过并行基于正交子空间投影的PI算法处理消除强干扰,然后第二级利用卫星导航信号循环平稳性对期望信号进行波束形成,增强卫星导航信号,进一步提高信干噪比．最后通过仿真验证该方法的有效性．      

卫星导航增强系统建设与发展

自卫星导航系统诞生以来,人们发展了多种增强技术和手段,并建立了大批增强系统,以满足用户更高精度和完好性的需求.由于卫星导航增强技术客观上晚于基本系统出现,且都是按需独立建立,因此不可避免地存在着"碎片"和"补丁"式发展问题,相互之间功能重叠,缺乏统一的规划和标准,未成体系化建设.本文回顾和总结了卫星导航增强技术的产生和发展历程,梳理了相关技术内涵与定义,并重点介绍了中国北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)增强体系的建设和发展情况.在此基础上,结合5G通信、低轨卫星等新兴技术,对卫星导航增强体系未来发展动态进行了展望和分析,并对未来北斗定位、导航与授时(PNT)综合服务中的增强体系建设提出了建议.     

一种改进的组合导航系统选星算法

针对GPS,GLONASS,BDS组合导航系统定位中卫星的选择作了相关分析。首先用STK软件进行仿真,分析几何精度因子与卫星数的关系,得出组合导航系统最佳选星数;再根据卫星星座的空间几何分布,基于次优选星算法的成本函数模型,结合各导航系统卫星测量精度的差异性以及次优选星算法的峰值、不稳定特点,构建一种以卫星高度角和载噪比确定的加权成本函数模型,提出一种依据加权成本函数选星的分步次优加权选星算法。实验结果表明,该选星算法能近似到达最优选星算法的效果,计算负荷也相对较小,可满足导航定位解算精度和实时性要求。     

一种多系统组合导航快速选星方法

采用多卫星导航系统组合导航,定位精度和系统可靠性会大幅提升,但导航定位运算量也会成倍增长。为解决多系统组合导航定位精度与实时性之间的矛盾,提出一种新的选星方法。新方法不追求最小GDOP值,而是以满足导航定位精度的GDOP值为前提,结合模糊理论中隶属函数的思想,按卫星在星座中均匀分布为原则进行选星。推导伪距测量的误差模型,分析了GDOP与测量误差之间的关系。北斗、GPS和GLONASS三系统组合导航选星实验结果表明,在不超过3次求解GDOP值的情况下,新方法能以不小于98%的概率得到GDOP≤4。     

Triple-frequency carrier ambiguity resolution for Beidou navigation satellite system

The Chinese Beidou system, also known as Compass, has entered its trial operational stage and can already provide services for triple-frequency users. Using triple-frequency signals is expected to be of great benefit for ambiguity resolution. Based on error characteristic analysis of the Beidou frequencies, we introduce the procedure of selecting the best combinations of triple-frequency signals. The geometry-based model and geometry-free model of triple-frequency signals are presented. Three triple-frequency carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR) methods are described, which include the cascading rounding method, the stepwise AR method and the modified stepwise AR method. In order to evaluate the performance of these methods, observations from baselines of various lengths were collected using Beidou triple-frequency receivers and were processed epoch-by-epoch using the three methods. The same observation data were also processed in a dual-frequency mode for comparison. The results show that, compared to the dual-frequency based solution, the single epoch ambiguity resolution success rate with triple frequency improved nearly 30 % for the short baselines (<20 km) and 100 % for the mid-length baselines (20–50 km) using the proposed modified stepwise AR method.     

卫星导航用户观测数据实时模拟研究

针对卫星导航用户观测数据模拟具有高精度、高采样率、强实时性的要求,该文在研究卫星导航定位系统工作原理的基础上,建立了卫星导航用户观测数据实时模拟系统。详细论述了卫星导航用户观测数据模拟的原理、流程及所用到的数学模型。考虑到观测数据模拟的时间约束特性,将模拟系统划分为非实时层、弱实时层和强实时层3层结构,并采用多线程的处理方法。模拟算例结果表明:该系统具有正确性和可靠性,满足强实时性要求,适用于卫星导航用户观测数据模拟。     

卫星导航定位基准站网系统测试技术分析

针对卫星导航定位基准站网系统测试缺乏统一规范性要求的问题,该文基于国家和省级基准站网的长期生产实践和测试结果,提出了较为完整的测试内容,具体的测试方法和详细的技术指标。文章以基准站网系统测试为研究对象,以山东省基准站网测试数据结果作为验证,对系统测试的关键技术和主要技术指标进行探讨研究,旨在为各级基准站网系统测试提供参考,并为国家标准规范的制定提供依据。     

伽利略导航卫星系统的军用价值

欧洲全球导航卫星系统(GNSS-2)，又称伽利略系统，是欧盟和欧洲航天局正在发展的民用全球导航卫星系统。虽然伽利略系统是设计用于民用导航服务，但它同时也可能具有某些潜在的军用价值。本文参考国外文献，讨论了伽利略系统的军事用途，重点从增强可用性、提高导航精度、保障后勤自动化和改善城市地区可用性等4个方面详细分析了伽利略公共安全信号(PRS)的军用价值。最后给出了伽利略军事用途的几点见解。     

卫星导航定位系统时间同步技术

卫星导航定位系统测距的基础是测时,而定轨和定位的前提是各观测量的时间同步,因此,时间同步是卫星导航定位系统建设的关键。卫星导航定位系统中时间同步技术包括卫星与地面(星-地)和地面站间(地-地)的时间同步,主要时间同步方法有用于星-地时间同步的双向时间频率传递法(TWSTFT)、倒定位法等,以及用于地-地时间同步的TWSTFT、卫星共视法、搬运钟法等。本文重点介绍TWSTFT和卫星共视法进行时间同步的基本原理、精度分析和卫星导航定位系统的钟差预报。     

北斗卫星导航系统的空间信号精度评估

针对卫星导航定位系统空间信号精度能否满足用户需求的问题,该文基于IGS MGEX发布的2016年连续100d的实测数据以及GBM分析中心的精密卫星轨道及钟差产品对北斗卫星广播星历误差、轨道精度以及空间信号距离误差进行统计分析。结果表明:北斗系统的IGSO和MEO卫星广播星历的均方根优于3m,GEO卫星广播星历误差RMSE优于5m;IGSO和MEO卫星广播星历轨道精度优于GEO卫星,且轨道误差在径向R精度最好;空间信号距离误差中,GEO卫星的SISRE均值优于1.5m,IGSO卫星的SISRE均值优于1.0m,MEO卫星的SISRE均值优于0.5m。由此反映出北斗空间信号稳定且精度逐渐提升。     

Optimal design of broadcast ephemeris parameters for a navigation satellite system

Computation of broadcast ephemerides is a fundamental task in satellite navigation and positioning. The GPS constellation is composed of medium-earth-orbit (MEO) satellites, and therefore can employ a uniform parameter set to produce broadcast ephemerides. However, other navigation satellite systems such as Compass and IRNSS may include a mixture of inclined-geosynchronous-orbit (IGSO), geostationary-earth-orbit (GEO) and MEO satellites, requiring different parameter sets for each type of orbit. We analyze the variational characteristics of satellite ephemerides with respect to orbital elements; then present a method to design an optimal parameter set for broadcast ephemerides, and derive the parameter sets for IGSO, GEO, and MEO satellites. The computational complexities of the user algorithms for the optimal parameter sets are equivalent to that of the standard GPS user algorithm. Simulation and statistical analyses indicate that the optimal parameter set is $ \left\{ {\sqrt {A_{0} } ,e_{0} ,i_{0} ,\Upomega_{0} ,M_{0} ,\omega_{0} ,\dot{\Upomega },\dot{u},\dot{i},C_{\Upomega c3} ,C_{\Upomega s3} ,C_{uc2} ,C_{us2} ,C_{rc2} ,C_{rs2} } \right\} $ for IGSO and GEO satellites, and $ \left\{ {\sqrt {A_{0} } ,e_{0} ,i_{0} ,\Upomega_{0} ,M_{0} ,\omega_{0} ,\dot{\Upomega },\dot{u},\dot{i},C_{uc2} ,C_{us2} ,C_{rc2} ,C_{rs2} ,C_{ic2} ,C_{is2} } \right\} $ for MEO satellites.     

全球导航卫星系统的新进展

本文综合介绍了于 2 0 0 4年 9月 2 1日至 2 4日在美国加州举行的“全球导航卫星系统” 2 0 0 4年年会(GNSS2 0 0 4 )会议的主要议题 ,并对其中我们可能关切的方面进行了重点介绍。①美国的GPS连续运行站网(CORS)。CORS由美国大地测量局 (NGS)主持运行。用户可以通过NGS网络 ,获得用户的GPS待定点相邻的CORS站 (三个以上 )的GPS相应载波相位和码距 ,以支持用户的GPS准实时或后处理定位。NGS也可以为用户通过网络提供GPS定位计算服务 ,这一服务可以在用户提供待定点的观测资料后的几个小时内完成 ,称为NGS的在线GPS定位服务。CORS目前在美国已有 5 0 0余个站。②GPS系统的进展。GPSⅡR型卫星从体形和功能方面都比较优秀 ,使GPS卫星在轨的位置误差显著降低 ,测距精度提高近一倍 ,目前GPSⅡR型卫星截止至 2 0 0 4年 1月 1日时有 9颗在轨。③利用L1 ,L2频道的GPS空基增强系统 (WAAS)。在美国大部分地区WAAS系统的水平精度可达 1～ 2m ,垂直精度可达 2～ 3m。④GPS信号的重构。美国已发展了一种高度逼真的和适应各种情况的虚拟GPS信号系统 ,这种虚拟发射装置可以是陆基的 ,空基的 ,或者星基的。GPS接收机可以利用这一虚拟的GPS信号进行精密定位。⑤Galileo卫星导航系统运行的准备工作。欧洲空间局已经重新和?     

北斗卫星导航系统广播星历精度分析

针对系统地评估我国北斗卫星导航系统广播星历精度与保障实时导航定位服务的需求,对BDS广播星历提供的卫星轨道、钟差以及用户测距误差(URE)的精度性能进行分析,统计了2015年连续4周全部BDS在轨健康卫星的广播星历各项精度指标值。分析结果表明:BDS的MEO和IGSO卫星轨道精度优于GEO卫星结果,且径向精度优于法向和切向精度;BDS搭载的国产星载铷钟卫星钟差序列相对比较稳定,其均方根误差优于4ns;GEO/IGSO卫星的用户距离误差(URE)在6m以内,MEO的URE优于20m。研究结果对北斗系统的建设、后期的发展和用户市场的拓展,都具有重要的参考价值。     

Initial results of precise orbit and clock determination for COMPASS navigation satellite system

The development of the COMPASS satellite system is introduced, and the regional tracking network and data availability are described. The precise orbit determination strategy of COMPASS satellites is presented. Data of June 2012 are processed. The obtained orbits are evaluated by analysis of post-fit residuals, orbit overlap comparison and SLR (satellite laser ranging) validation. The RMS (root mean square) values of post-fit residuals for one month’s data are smaller than 2.0 cm for ionosphere-free phase measurements and 2.6 m for ionosphere-free code observations. The 48-h orbit overlap comparison shows that the RMS values of differences in the radial component are much smaller than 10 cm and those of the cross-track component are smaller than 20 cm. The SLR validation shows that the overall RMS of observed minus computed residuals is 68.5 cm for G01 and 10.8 cm for I03. The static and kinematic PPP solutions are produced to further evaluate the accuracy of COMPASS orbit and clock products. The static daily COMPASS PPP solutions achieve an accuracy of better than 1 cm in horizontal and 3 cm in vertical. The accuracy of the COMPASS kinematic PPP solutions is within 1–2 cm in the horizontal and 4–7 cm in the vertical. In addition, we find that the COMPASS kinematic solutions are generally better than the GPS ones for the selected location. Furthermore, the COMPASS/GPS combinations significantly improve the accuracy of GPS only PPP solutions. The RMS values are basically smaller than 1 cm in the horizontal components and 3–4 cm in the vertical component.