烟民请吃裙带菜

裙带菜味鲜,含碘量高,有食用方便、产量高、价格低等诸多优点。此外裙带菜还有一些其他作用,有的已广为人知,有的还鲜为人知。日本东京农业大学营养研究室根据动物的试验证明,裙带菜具有阻碍人体吸收尼古丁的功能。这对香烟瘾君子和被动吸烟者无疑是个福音。对裙带菜的进一步研究还发现,它含有极为充足的人体所必需的多种营养素,如果缺乏或不足这些营养素,会使人体出现抵抗力降低、毛发     

裙带菜的养殖加工与应用

裙带菜(Undariapinnatifida)属褐藻门,褐子纲,翅藻科,裙带菜属。目前已经发现的本属有3个种:无肋裙带菜(U.peterseniana),叶囊裙带菜(U.undari-oides)和裙带菜(U.pinnatifida)[2]。前两种只在日本某些地区有少量的养殖,后一种因为有很高的食用价值而被广泛养殖。裙带菜是北太平洋的特有种,由于船舶运输使附着在牡蛎壳上或存在于压舱水中的配子体传播到世界的其他地区,到目前为止已经在法国、英国[5]、新西兰[4]和澳大利亚发现了裙带菜。这些国家的学者对这个新来种的分布与生态进行了调查,以确定它是否威胁当地海藻的生长。虽然Castric-F…     

我国裙带菜人工育苗技术的现状和展望

海水养殖业是我国沿海地区经济的支柱产业之一。裙带菜（Ｕｎｄａｒｉａ　ｐｉｎｎａｔｉｆｉｄａ）作为３种主要经济海藻（海带，紫菜，裙带菜）之一，是一种重要创汇水产品。近年来，经过加工的各种裙带菜优质产品在国际市场上深受欢迎，这带动了我国裙带菜人工养殖业的发展。目前我国生产裙带菜的基地是辽宁和山东两省。前者年生产量占全国总产量的９０％，产品主要销往日本、台湾和东南亚地区。余下的１０％主要产于山东各地。养殖业的发展必须有充足、优质的苗源做保障，本文试就我国裙带菜人工育苗技术的现状作简要介绍，并对未来的发…     

山东地区裙带菜人工养殖业的有关问题(I)

裙带菜的孢子体是一种美味的海藻食品,在东亚地区,尤其是日本和南韩有悠久的食用历史。据Ohno报道(1993),目前日本和南韩的裙带菜消费量总计在600000t左右鲜品,被列为第二大经济海藻,主要加工成不同种类的食品。目前尚未有关利用其作为工业原料的报道。我国人们食用裙带菜的历史源远流长,但由于种种原因只限于沿海地区,广大的内陆地区对裙带菜具有较高营养价值的认识远没有他们对海带含碘、能治愈因碘缺乏所导致的甲状腺增生的认识深刻,这在很大程度上限制了裙带菜人工养殖业的发展。由于海外日本市场的推动,裙带菜人工养殖业自80年代中期…     

裙带菜原生质体的分离和培养

本文以裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida(Harv.)Suringar)为材料,进行原生质体分离和培养研究。取得以下结果: 1、使用海螺酶(sea snail enzymes)和纤维素酶(cellulase,Onozuka R-10),酶解裙带菜细胞壁,在一定的条件下,能够大量地分离成活的裙带菜原生质体。 2、实验表明,氯化钠可作为分离裙带菜原生质体研究中的一种理想的渗透刑。 3、荧光增白剂染色镜检法可作为鉴定裙带菜原生质体的一种辅助方法,并适用于原生质体再生壁的观察。 4、光照(2000—2500Lux)能促使原生质体再生细胞壁,含有蔗糖(W/V,1％)的培养液有助于原生质体再生细胞壁。 5、分离的裙带菜原生质体,经培养,已能长成幼体。     

裙带菜孢子体的生长发育与温度的关系

裙带菜藻体较大,是一种味道鲜美的食用海藻,浙江称“海芥菜”。由于生长期短,在冬季及早春生产,这种藻类既适于生鲜食用,也可以加工制成干品。我国北方冬季主要依靠几种秋菜的储藏,缺乏足够的新鲜蔬菜,而这期间,正是裙带菜嫩菜生产的季节,因此,生产裙带菜来增添冬季蔬菜的种类,对改善人民生活有着一定的意义。裙带菜广泛地分布在我国东海及黄海沿岸。多年以前,在大连和青岛就曾经进行过大量的投石增殖这种海藻,但迄今亦尚未进行全人工养殖。在一些不适于海带养殖的海区,裙带菜可能是一种很好的养殖对象。例如,在我国南方沿海,海带的适温期较短,藻体     

温度对裙带菜配子体生长发育的影响

裙带菜配子体与温度关系的研究,在三十年代就引起人们的注意。由于它关系裙带菜的发生、生长和产量的高低,因此日本的海藻养殖学家先后用不同的方法进行研究,试图对人工增殖、养殖提供理论根据,并阐明夏季裙带菜在微观时期的生活状况。以往关于这方面的研究曾有日本的木下虎一郎(1933)、斋藤雄之助(1956)和任国忠等(1963)都进行过专门的工作。此外,日本的木下及柴田(1934)、川名(1937)、高山(1938)、木下及石粟(1940)等人还研究过裙带莱孢子放散期的温度与产量的关系。通过这些研究大体了解裙带菜配子体的生     

青岛裙带菜夏季孢子体的观察

青岛裙带菜的成熟期一般从5月开始到8月上旬止。放散孢子的时间,大约有100天,经历的温度从13—24℃,这一情况与日本的报道相类似。8月中旬以后,近岸大的裙带菜藻体基本不见了,一直到10月下旬或11月上旬,在海底的岩礁上方能见其幼苗(3—5厘米)。在海底见不到裙带菜的时期大约有70～80天。按5月上旬开始放散孢子到11月上旬发生幼苗,其间大约180天,在这样长的时间里,裙带菜在海中的生活状况尚未有过报道。     

裙带菜海上育苗直接养成技术

裙带菜是一种大型经济藻类。其菜质鲜嫩、营养丰富、味美可口,深受国內外市场的欢迎。我国60年代初就开始了裙带菜的人工养殖,但因育苗技术没有过关,苗种得不到保证,因此发展缓慢。为充分利用海域资源,使裙带菜尽快成为海水养殖的主要藻类之一,我们承担了“裙带菜海上育苗及直接养成”的试验課题。经过两年多的试验,已取得了明显效果并通过     

裙带菜的化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida(Harv.)Surin-gar)又名海芥菜,是翅藻科(Alariaceae)、裙带菜属(Undaria)的一种大型经济褐藻,在我国主要分布在辽宁、山东、江苏、浙江等地[1].裙带菜的叶状体不但可食用,还可作为中药使用,其药用历史最早见于明代姚可成的<食疗本草>:"裙带菜主女人赤白带下,男子精泄梦遗"[2].近代认为裙带菜与昆布化学成分相似,将其作为中药昆布入药,具有消痰软坚,利水退肿的功效[1,2].     

Observations of the Karimata Strait througflow from December 2007 to November 2008

In order to quantitatively estimate the volume and property transports between the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas via the Karimata Strait, two trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with ADCPs embedded, were deployed in the strait to measure the velocity profile as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas transport/exchange (SITE) program. A pair of surface and bottom acoustic modems was employed to transfer the measured velocity without recovering the mooring. The advantage and problems of the instruments in this field work are reported and discussed. The field observations confirm the existence of the South China Sea branch of Indonesian throughflow via the Karimata Strait with a stronger southward flow in boreal winter and weaker southward bottom flow in boreal summer, beneath the upper layer northward (reversal) flow. The estimate of the averaged volume, heat and freshwater transports from December 2007 to March 2008 (winter) is (-2.7 ± 1.1) × 10 6 m3/s, (-0.30 ± 0.11) PW, (-0.18 ± 0.07) × 106m3/s and from May to September 2008 (summer) is (1.2 ± 0.6) × 106m3/s, (0.14 ± 0.03) PW, (0.12 ± 0.04) × 106m3/s and for the entire record from December 2007 to October 2008 is (-0.5 ± 1.9) × 10 6 m3/s, (-0.05 ± 0.22) PW, (-0.01 ± 0.15) × 106m3/s (negative/positive represents southward/northward transport), respectively. The existence of southward bottom flow in boreal summer implies that the downward sea surface slope from north to south as found by Fang et al. (2010) for winter is a year-round phenomenon.     

Growth dynamics of the deep-water Asian eelgrass, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zostera asiatica</Emphasis>, in the eastern coastal waters of Korea

Among the seagrasses that occur along the coast of Korea, Zostera asiatica inhabits the deepest depth; however, to date, there is limited information on its ecology. This study presents the first quantitative data on the seasonal growth dynamics of Z. asiatica in Korea. We measured seasonal growth and morphological characteristics, as well as environmental factors, including underwater irradiance, water temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations of the water column and sediment pore water, bimonthly from July 2012 to May 2015. Underwater irradiance showed clear seasonal trends, increasing in the spring and summer and decreasing in the fall and winter, ranging from 2.4 ± 0.2 mol photons m^-2 d^-1 in November 2012 to 12.8 ± 1.3 mol photons m^-2 d^-1 in July 2014. Water temperature also followed a strong seasonal trend similar to underwater irradiance, ranging from 9.8 ± 0.1°C in January 2013 to 20.5 ± 0.2°C in September 2013. Nutrient availability fluctuated substantially, but there was no evidence of distinct seasonal variations. Shoot density, biomass, leaf productivity, and morphological characteristics of Z. asiatica exhibited significant seasonal variations: maximum values of these variables occurred in summer, and the minima were recorded in winter. Total shoot density was highest (218.8 ± 18.8 shoots m^-2) in July 2012 and lowest (106.3 ± 6.3 shoots m^-2) in January 2013. Total biomass ranged from 182.6 ± 16.9 g dry weight (DW) m^-2 in January 2015 to 310.9 ± 6.4 g DW m^-2 in July 2014.Areal leaf production was highest (4.9 ± 0.0 g DW m^-2 d^-1) in July 2012 and lowest (1.4 ± 0.2 g DW m^-2 d^-1) in January 2013. The optimum water temperature for the growth of Z. asiatica was between 16-19°C. Growth of Z. asiatica was more strongly correlated with underwater irradiance than water temperature, suggesting that light is the most important factor determining seasonality of Z. asiatica at the study site.     

黄河口及渤海湾海水的密度

用磁力浮沉子法溶液密度测量装置,在15—25℃之间的三个温度下测定了黄河口渤海湾36个站位海水样品(于1989年7月和1990年7月采集)的密度,发现所有实验测定值与根据其盐度和温度由1980年国际海水状态方程的计算值比较,均有明显的正偏差,此正偏差随海水盐度降低而增大。在黄河口渤海湾海水样品全部盐度范围内,已发现其海水密度正偏差与海水[Ca~(2+)]/s,[Mg~(2+)]/s,[SO_4~(2-)]/s之间呈指数曲线相关,而与碱度之间呈S形曲线相关,但在盐度25.72—31.57范围内都可近似看作直线相关。黄河口渤海湾海水的高碱度、高[Ca~(2+)]/s为其特征,这也是其密度正偏差的主要影响因素。本文还给出了计算黄河口及渤海湾海水密度的公式。     

Farming of spiny lobsters in sea cages in India

Pueruli and post‐pueruli, early juveniles and sub‐adults of the spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus and juveniles of P. ornatus were grown in different floating sea cages along the southeast coast of India from May 2003 to May 2007. The first type of cage had a galvanised iron pipe frame (2.0 m × 2.0 m × 1.2 m) with steel woven mesh and four inner detachable compartments (0.75 m × 0.75 m × 1.10 m). Fibre‐reinforced plastic was used subsequently to fabricate cages (1 m × 1 m × 1 m). Pueruli and post‐pueruli of P. homarus (1.58 ± 0.62 g SD), stocked at 60 individuals/m², grew to an average weight of 123.10 ± 26.22 g in 266 days with a survival rate of 70%. Sub‐adults of P. homarus with an average weight (± SD) of 123.61 ± 29.26 g reached 341.25 ± 46.22 g in 225 days at a stocking density of 21 individuals/m² with a survival of 73 ± 6%. The post‐pueruli grew by 0.46 ± 0.10 g per day with a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.64, whereas sub‐adults had a growth rate of 0.97 ± 0.20 g per day with a SGR of 0.43. At a higher stocking density of 80 individuals/m², juveniles (51.83 ± 10.32 g and 58.20 ± 28.22 g) of P. homarus recorded growth rates of 0.86 ± 0.25 (SGR 0.82) and 0.97 ± 0.34 g (SGR 0.96) per day. This study indicates that post‐pueruli of P. homarus can be grown to over 200 g in 12 months and up to 350 g in 16 to 17 months in sea cages. Juveniles (average weight 76.35 ± 34.50 g) of P. ornatus, reared with P. homarus at a stocking density of 80 individuals/m², recorded a weight gain of 139 g in 155 days at arate of 0.89 ± 0.32 g per day with an SGR of 0.67. Marine live clam, Donax spp., was the main feed supplemented with the gastropod, Xancus pyrum, the green mussel, Perna viridis, marine crab (Charibdis sp.), squid (Loligo sp.), and fish such as clupeids and Leognathus sp. Pueruli and post‐pueruli settled in large numbers (up to 35 individuals/month in one cage) both inside and outside the cages.     

外界因素对条斑紫菜体细胞分化发育的影响——Ⅰ. 温度、光强实验

本实验利用酶解技术得到单个体细胞,较详细地研究了不同温度、光照强度对体细胞分化发育的影响,从而确定出体细胞培养的最佳条件,为进一步利用条斑紫菜体细胞育苗这一新技术打下了基础。     

Interhemispheric exchanges of mass and heat in the Atlantic Ocean in January–March 1993

Hydrographic, geochemical, and direct velocity measurements along two zonal (7.5°N and 4.5°S) and two meridional (35°W and 4°W) lines occupied in January–March, 1993 in the Atlantic are combined in an inverse model to estimate the circulation. At 4.5°S, the Warm Water (potential temperature θ>4.5°C) originating from the South Atlantic enters the equatorial Atlantic, principally at the western boundary, in the thermocline-intensified North Brazil Undercurrent (33±2.7×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹ northward) and in the surface-intensified South Equatorial Current (8×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹ northward) located to the east of the North Brazil Undercurrent. The Ekman transport at 4.5°S is southward (10.7±1.5×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹). At 7.5°N, the Western Boundary Current (WBC) (17.9±2×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹) is weaker than at 4.5°S, and the northward flow of Warm Water in the WBC is complemented by the basin-wide Ekman flow (12.3±1.0×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹), the net contribution of the geostrophic interior flow of Warm Water being southward. The equatorial Ekman divergence drives a conversion of Thermocline Water (24.58⩽σ₀<26.75) into Surface Water (σ₀<24.58) of 7.5±0.5×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹, mostly occurring west of 35°W. The Deep Water of northern origin flows southward at 7.5°N in an energetic (48±3×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹) Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), whose transport is in part compensated by a northward recirculation (21±4.5×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹) in the Guiana Basin. At 4.5°S, the DWBC is much less energetic (27±7×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹ southward) than at 7.5°N. It is in part balanced by a deep northward recirculation east of which alternate circulation patterns suggest the existence of an anticyclonic gyre in the central Brazil Basin and a cyclonic gyre further east. The deep equatorial Atlantic is characterized by a convergence of Lower Deep Water (45.90⩽σ₄<45.83), which creates an upward diapycnal transport of 11.0×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹ across σ₄=45.83. The amplitude of this diapycnal transport is quite sensitive to the a priori hypotheses made in the inverse model. The amplitude of the meridional overturning cell is estimated to be 22×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹ at 7.5°N and 24×10⁶ m³ s⁻¹ at 4.5°S. Northward heat transports are in the range 1.26–1.50 PW at 7.5°N and 0.97–1.29 PW at 4.5°S with best estimates of 1.35 and 1.09 PW.     

对虾养殖池水域环境细菌的动态变化

于1990年6月下旬-10月初期间，每隔7－10d在大连市金州区董家沟镇养虾场突池定点采样一次，3h内带回实验室进行细菌培养计数，研究对虾养殖池水域环境中细菌的动态变化。结果表明，对虾养殖池水中异养菌和弧菌的数量变化与水温的变化趋势相同；6—7月末，细菌增长比较缓慢；8月初开始，细菌数量增长较快，8月中旬达到全年的最高值，异养菌为3．4×105cell／ml，弧菌为1．9×105cell／ml；而后随着水温的下降，水中细菌逐渐减少。底记泥浆中，细菌数量一直呈上升趋势，不受水温的影响；异养菌最高达6×107cell／ml，弧菌达1．5×106cell／ml。     

Influence d'un élevage ostréicole sur les flux de nutriments et d'oxygène dans un écosystème lagunaire

The impact of suspended oyster culture (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg) on oxygen and nutrient fluxes has been studied in situ, in a coastal lagoon (Thau, France), during a seasonal cycle. On the first plan of the multiple factorial correspondences analysis (MCA), seasons were well discriminated. The fluxes were maximum in summer and minimum in winter. However, this seasonal pattern was not only linked to the water temperature, as autumn and spring (similar temperatures of about 12 °C) were distinct in the second factorial plan (2.3). Oxygen uptake by the oyster cultures varied between 0 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹ (January) and 11 823 ±377 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹ (July). Ammonia and nitrate-nitrites were released into the water column respectively at a rate of 2905 ± 327 μmol m⁻²h⁻¹ and 891 ± 88 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹ in the summer and 0 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹ and 177 ± 97 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹ in the cold season. During the summer, the nitrate-nitrites flux was about 20 % of the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen production. Phosphate release was low except for two periods during which an important release was measured; in May (1686 ± 44 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹) and in November (2691 ± 800 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹). No linear relation between water temperature and phosphate flux was found. In Thau Lagoon, oyster cultures (oysters and epibiota) by producing 2 × 10⁷ mol-N y⁻¹ play a central role in nitrogen renewal in the water column.     

An annual cycle of recruitment,growth and production in a Malaysian population of the trochacean gastropod Umbonium vestiarium (L.)

From July 1981 to July 1982 Umbonium vestiarium (L.) on a north Penang sand shore numbered 573–11 077 m^?2 (mean 4126 or 53·1 g dry tissue) near MLWN and 2164–12 414 m^?2 (mean 6500 or 59·8 g dry tissue) further downshore. Heavy recruitment of young became evident in June and July 1982 and a closely corresponding cohort of young was present in July 1981. Progression of this cohort indicated that young settling in May–June grew to full size (11–13 mm diameter) by January–March the following year and that virtually all died during their second year, presumably having spawned in March–May. Recruitment of young was chiefly on the lower shore but adults came to be more abundant and predominant on the upper shore. There is some evidence of migration upshore during growth.Production is estimated at 105·4 g dry tissue m^?2 y^?1 (2118 kj) at the lower shore level and this is almost double the 58·8 g m^?2 y^?1 (1176·6 kj) at the higher level. These values represent almost the entire secondary production across much of the sand flats.Possible causes of such a marked annual cycle in the very weakly seasonal tropics of the Malacca Strait are considered and it is suggested that monsoonal changes in wind, wave action and salinity might be involved.     

Directional wave measurement at Haifa,Israel, and sediment transport along the Nile littoral cell

Results of three years of directional wave measurement at the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Haifa, Israel are presented. The wave-height and energy-flux distributions reveal a moderately high-energy coast with a bimodal annual cycle.The rate of wave-induced longshore sediment transport is estimated from the directional energy flux distributions. It describes an annual cycle with a maximum northward transport of 75 ± 14 × 10³ m³/month in midwinter and a southward transport of 26 ± 5 × 10³ m³/month in summer. The net annual transport is northward and computed at 110 ± 100 × 10³ m³/yr.We show that a wave-induced transport is sufficient in explaining the apparent transport of sediments in the Nile Littoral Cell, from the Nile Delta source to the Haifa Bay sink.