新疆成矿单元划分方案研究

成矿单元是区域成矿规律研究成果的集中表现,也是矿产勘查及预测评价的基础.根据新的形势和要求,在全面收集前人资料基础上,系统地阐述了新疆成矿单元的划分方案,首次对新疆Ⅳ级矿带进行了划分.新疆地跨古亚洲、秦祁昆及特提斯3大成矿域,此次共划分出阿尔泰、准噶尔、伊犁、塔里木、阿尔金-祁连、昆仑、巴颜喀拉-松潘、喀拉昆仑-三江8个Ⅱ级成矿省,24个Ⅲ级成矿带、84个Ⅳ级矿带,成矿单元之多样性和复杂性为全国各省区中少见.在此基础上对各成矿单元的地质成矿基本特征进行了研究.     

黑吉东部砾岩型金矿成矿古地理环境

黑吉东部侏罗纪和第三纪时,地壳处于长期持续上升,基底裸露遭受剥蚀,为砾岩型金成矿提供物质来源,之后在相对稳定期大面积风化壳、夷平面、拗陷区、盆地、地堑和断裂带的形成为砾岩型金成矿提供了良好的沉积环境.温暖潮湿的古气候是砾岩型金矿成矿最适宜的环境.地壳构造运动和古气候条件与本区砾岩型金矿成矿关系密切.     

内蒙古额尔古纳市虎拉林金矿区地电化学提取法寻找隐伏金矿研究

地电化学提取法是在动态平衡原理的基础上,利用人工电场提取深部的矿化或成矿离子,进行成矿预测,确定成矿靶区.为探明资源、节省投入,在虎拉林金矿区投入了以地电化学提取为主的找矿方法,来找寻矿区隐伏的矿体.通过对地电化学提取异常和其他方法异常的综合分析,确定在金矿区具有一定的找矿潜力,并证明了地电化学提取和其他方法在森林覆盖区寻找深部隐伏金矿床是可行的.     

当前成矿理论研究的几个新动向

七十年代中期以来,国内外金属矿床成矿理论研究和找矿工作进展巨大,陆续发现了一批大型、超大型矿床,新的成矿理论和成矿模式相继提出。矿床成因除强调“多元成矿观”外,地史成矿、热水成矿、生物成矿、动力成矿研究也引人注目。1.地史成矿近年来,国内外对矿床成因研究特别强调地史成矿(即成矿作用在地质历史中的演化),提高了人们对成矿规律的认识。有证据表明:生命在演化,大气圈在演化,为什么矿床的形成不是在演化呢?从地史成矿论的观点看,所有矿床都可纳入符合特定地质环境的类型中去,不同矿床类型及沉积环境在整个地质时期中的演化,反映了自始至终上地壳运动的作用和过程。例如,在太古宙绿岩带发展的早期超镁铁质火山喷发活动环境中,形成了     

绿岩带金矿三位一体成矿及找矿预测——以山东泰安地区为例

对泰安地区东部金（铁）成矿远景区绿岩带金矿成矿条件进行了综合分析研究,对成矿远景区进行了划分.在对绿岩、花岗岩、韧性剪切带三要素在各区段的分布特征和绿岩带金矿成因分类分析的基础上,提出了绿岩带金矿是以韧性剪切带为主线,以绿岩为基础,以花岗岩为导火的三位一体成矿.以100分对三要素进行量化分解,并据此提出了成矿预测.指出成矿远景区内以往的找矿停留在同构造晚期初生型金矿床类型上.今后的找矿工作必须把握“三位一体”成矿模式,分析矿床成因类型,按照矿床成因类型的突出特点针对性地投入工作,必须加大投入,整装勘查.     

地幔柱及其成矿作用综述

地幔柱理论在成矿学中的应用使对矿质来源的研究与地球的演化联系起来,而不再是简单地识别地壳来源或地幔来源.文章系统介绍了地幔柱特征、地幔柱成矿机制、地幔柱的演化对成矿的控制及地幔柱成矿系统.     

塔里木盆地东北缘孔雀河斜坡带砂岩型铀成矿前景初探

新疆塔里木盆地东北缘孔雀河斜坡带形成于古生代,面积较大,后期地质发展过程中相对稳定,铀源丰富,具一定找矿前景.由于被第四系大面积覆盖,寻找砂岩型铀矿难度大.本文利用区域铀成矿地质调查、浅层地震、放射性物探及区域水文地质调查取得的成果,对地浸砂岩型铀矿区域成矿条件进行初步研究,认为本区成矿可能性较大,成矿有利层位是上新统库车组和中新统康村组,老开屏单斜带是铀成矿有利地段.     

辽宁省成矿系列研究

根据与成矿有关的地质构造条件、岩浆作用、沉积作用和矿床本身的特征,将辽宁省矿床系列划分为4个系列组合、即与岩浆作用有关的成矿系列组合、与变质作用有关的成矿系列组合、与沉积作用有关的成矿系列组合、与地下热卤水成矿作用有关的成矿系列组合.在此基础上进一步划分出了17个成矿系列.辽宁省地壳演化经历了太古宙-古元古代基底形成、中元古代-中三叠世地台盖层发展、中三叠世以后地台活化等发展阶段.其中在基底形成阶段形成1、9、10、11、12成矿系列.在盖层发展阶段形成了2、4、14、15、16、17成矿系列.在地台活化阶段形成了3、5、6、7、8成矿系列.进入第四纪以来,形成了各种类型的冲积、洪积砂矿床,构成了第13成矿系列.     

桃山-诸广山-贵东花岗岩岩体的地质地球化学特征和构造环境及其铀成矿

1 研究现状 桃山-诸广山-贵东花岗岩带及铀成矿带位于华南铀成矿省的中部,地跨赣、粤、湘,呈北东走向.该成矿带在地球动力学背景、成矿条件和控矿因素、矿化和蚀变、矿床成因、成矿规律和成矿预测等方面的研究取得了丰硕的成果.     

内蒙狼山-渣尔泰山中元古代拉张型过渡壳的形成、形变及成矿

在裂解的华北地台北缘裂陷槽内,狼山-渣尔泰山中元古代拉张型过渡壳建造中,火山活动和陆源侵蚀形成的成矿元素伴随着陆源碎屑沉积形成矿源层.在长城纪末期的褶皱回返过程中,渣尔泰群经受了强烈的顺层滑动、褶皱叠加和逆冲推覆构造的改造.在东升庙-炭窑口地区,极为强烈的逆冲推覆构造导致热液蚀变作用和混合岩化,促使成矿元素迁移到裂隙发育,在有利交代作用的白云石大理岩中富集成矿.而在渣尔泰山地区和狼山北西侧,强烈的褶皱作用叠加促使矿层在褶皱的转折端部位加厚富集成矿.故此,提出了断裂成矿模式和褶皱成矿模式.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.