新变种矿物——铌铁锐钛矿及其共生矿物钕易解石

铌铁锐钛矿是含铌、铁的锐钛矿变种。呈土黄色、褐棕色,板状或土粒状。反射率589nm,15.9％,显微硬度H_v=275.9kg/mm~2。计算比重4.4g/cm~3。主要化学成分Nb_2O_534.92—44.3％,TiO_2 29.38—37.58％,Fe_2O_3 14.94—17.19％。化学式:(Ti_(0.44)Nb_(0.31)Fe_(0.25))_(1.00)O_2X射线分析表明该矿物属四方晶系,α=3.828±0.002,c=9.682±0.009,空间群I4_1/amd,Z=4。 共生矿物钕易解石,深红色者变生现象轻微;浅黄色钕易解石与铌铁锐钛矿可能形成于稍晚、较低温度条件下的矿化过程。     

TOA柱色层萃取—原子吸收光谱法测定岩石矿物中银

原子吸收光谱法测定岩石矿物中银是一种比较好的常用方法。但当基体浓度较高,银含量较低时,溶样后直接测定有背景干扰。本文用三正辛胺(TOA)柱色层萃取—硫脲解脱,原子吸收法(ppm级用火焰法,ppb级用石墨炉法)测定银。萃取操作简便,色层柱连续反复使用20次不致失效。 一、仪器工作条件及主要试剂 日立170—30型原子吸收光谱仪,工作条件:光源—银空心阴极灯;灯电流—7.5.mA,波长—328.1nm;通带—0.4nm;空气压力—1.5kg/cm~2;乙炔压力—0.2kg/cm~2。     

天然变石和提拉法合成变石的红外-拉曼光谱分析

合成变石的晶体结构、化学成分及宝石学特征与天然变石基本一致,常规宝石学检测方法很难区分。实验采用红外光谱仪和拉曼光谱仪测试分析,发现天然变石以2 800cm~(-1)~3 300cm~(-1) O—H伸缩振动和2 362cm~(-1) CO_2伸缩振动为红外特征吸收峰,而提拉法合成变石无此特征吸收;拉曼分析中,638cm~(-1) Be—O弯曲振动为天然变石的特征吸收,674cm~(-1) Be—O伸缩振动、708cm~(-1) Be—O弯曲振动、473cm~(-1) Al—O平移运动为提拉法合成变石的特征吸收;对天然变石与提拉法合成变石拉曼谱932cm~(-1)进行洛伦兹线性拟合,得到天然变石半高宽均在17.0cm~(-1)以上,而提拉法合成变石均在17.0cm~(-1)以下。     

新矿物大庙矿—铟与铂的天然合金

大庙矿产在石榴石角闪石辉石岩中的含钴、铜的铂矿脉中。它常呈直径为1.0—2.0mm的小圆球与伊逊矿紧密共生;不透明,金属光泽;颜色为钢灰色,条痕黑色;莫氏硬度H_M 5.3,显微硬度VHN_(50) 485 kg/mm~2(范围434—529 kg/mm~2);无解理;计算密度D_(calc.) =10.95 g/cm~3。9个电子探针分析的平均化学成分为(％):Pt 45.6,In 53.5。化学式为:PtIn_2。6条最强X射线衍射线(hkl,d,I)为:220,2.25(100);311,1.92(60);400,1.59(60);422,1.299(80);440,1.125(60);620,1.006(70)。X射线粉晶衍射线图谱指标化后求得该矿物为等轴晶系,空间群:Fm3m。α=0.6364(3)nm。V=0.25775nm~3。Z=4。     

斜方氯砷铅矿在我国的首次发现

本文的斜方氯砷铅矿呈粗叶片状或粒状集合体产出。颜色绿黄到浅黄;解理面玻璃光泽,断口面油脂光泽;粉末淡黄白色;半透明。Hv=95.6kg/mm~2,摩氏硬度3.2。近于完全的(011)解理。比重7.1417(比重瓶法),7.36(计算值)。二轴晶、负光性,光轴角 2V=35—40°;双折射率低。化学分析结果:PbO80.21,CaO0.05,MgO0.007,(Fe,Mn)O0.601,ZnO0.01As_2O_3 12.28,Sb_2O_3 0.048,P_2O_3 0.039,Cl8.05,总和99.45。计算的化学式为(Pb_(5.92)Fe_(0.14)~(2 )Ca_(0.01))_(6.07)As_(2.03)O_(7.09)Cl_(3.91)。晶胞参数α=10.7936,b=10.7663,c=25.5601;Z=8。粉末衍射最强线为3.65(7),3.19(5),2.845(10),2.699(7),2.06(5),1.641(4),1.585(5)。红外光谱图包括388—605和700—842cm~(-1)两个主要吸收带和255—323cm~(-1)一个次要吸收带。     

2：3的蒙皂石—云母间层矿物研究

2:3的蒙皂石-云母间层矿物产于含锰碳酸盐矿物中,与方解石、钙菱锰矿、菱锰矿、菱铁矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿和锐钛矿共生。矿物呈片状和不规则粒状,颜色呈灰、灰白色和浅黄色,条痕灰白色。显微硬度78kg/mm~2、摩氏硬度1.5。比重2.58。比磁化系数3.35×10~(-6)C·G·S·M·cm~3=/g。主要X射线粉晶线是11.39(100),5.06(87),4.48(81),3.28(70)。矿物的红外吸收谱特征为:3600—3700,1000—1050,540,490cm~(-1),此外还对该矿物作了差热分析。     

六家金刚石钻头在祁雨沟硬岩中的钻进效果

我们在祁雨沟矿区的硬岩钻进中,经常遇到金刚石钻头的打滑现象,给钻探带来困难。为选择合适的钻头,在这里比较了6个厂家生产的钻头。钻头规格为60S,金刚石的粒度为60～80目,浓度80～100％,品级JR3～JR5。辽宁有色地质勘探公司对该区岩石进行了测定:石英斑岩单轴抗压强度1850～2470 kg/cm~2,可钻性11～12级,以斑岩为主的角砾岩,单轴抗压强度1550～1730kg/cm~2,可钻性10级。     

浙江渡船头“伊利石”应属绢云母

渡船头云母状矿物长期以来被称为“伊利石”,近期经过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、差热分析(DTA)、电子显微镜(EM)观察及化学组成等研究后显示:这种呈薄鳞片状、粒度很细(一般小于5μm)、结晶度高的矿物,其d(002)=9.95?,为2M多型,出现特征的3625cm~(-1)、3450cm~(-1)、1020cm~(-1)、935cm~(-1)、825cm~(-1)、799cm~(-1)、755cm~(-1)、543cm~(-1)、480cm~(-1)红外吸收和40—70℃、106.4—111.2℃两弱吸热谷及630—670℃强吸热谷;矿物MgO小于0.25%,结构中八面体Mg~(2+)量小于0.03,以Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)为主,八面体电荷为-0.052—+0.048/O_(10)(OH)_2,K_2O一般大于9%。上述这些均表明,渡船头“伊利石”应属绢云母。     

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定岩石中的硼

试样用Na_2O_2在520°—540℃下熔融,熔物用水浸出。通过阳极电流强度,载气压力及观察高度的对比实验,选出最佳工作条件的参数:阳流为0.90A,载压为2kg/cm~2,观测高度为8mm,用GSD及GSS标准样对测量精度及回收率进行了检查,相对偏差为13.6％,回收率为93％,检测限为10ppm。采用ICP法测定硼,方法简便快速,准确度高,岩石中的硼高于10ppm时,可以进行定量测定。     

致密砂岩气藏水驱动态采收率及水膜厚度研究

储层水饱和度和采收率是油气藏勘探和开发的重要参数,采用半渗透隔板法测定ＺＢＸＲ气藏储层平均束缚水饱和度为２６％,应用理论公式计算束缚水膜厚度为０．０４３μｍ。实验模拟水驱基质岩块的最终采出程度为４５％左右,相应的水膜厚度为０．１１９μｍ,为提高裂缝性致密气藏的最终采收率,则要控制水沿裂缝侵入以封闭基质中的天然气。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)