高岭土吸附剂去除含锰废水中锰离子的实验研究

高岭土吸附剂处理含锰废水中锰离子的实验表明:高岭土的最佳粒度为0.177 mm,pH值控制在7.5～ 8.5间,常温搅拌30 min,吸附剂与水量比为12 g∶1 L,对锰离子质量浓度为100 mg/L的废水的处理效果最好,使锰离子质量浓度由100 mg/L降至0.1 mg/L,锰离子的去除率超过90%,达到GB8978-1996工业废水排放的一级标准.高岭土对锰离子吸附的等温吸附曲线符合Freundlich模型,其吸附机理主要是吸附作用和沉淀作用.     

累托石层孔材料处理含铬废水的研究

以累托石层孔材料为吸附剂、以FO2为添加剂对含铬电镀废水进行处理，并对其吸附性能做了初步的探讨，实验结果表明，在不改变原水pH值的条件下，吸附剂用量为2.5g/L，还原剂用量为0.5g/L，处理后水中残留铬浓度为0.2mg/L，远低于国标GB8978-1996一级排放标准，累托石吸附铬的反应符合Freundlich吸附经验式：lgQ=-1.9102 0.3545lgC。     

AMA吸附剂吸附铬(Ⅵ)的性能研究及应用

用凹凸棒石粘土改性制备了AMA吸附剂，对其吸附铬(Ⅵ)的性能进行了较系统地研究。选择了吸附铬(Ⅵ)的最佳条件，用来处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水，铬(Ⅵ)的去除率在96％以上，铬(Ⅵ)的残余浓度小于0．5mg/L，符合国家的排放标准。可以在废水治理中推广应用。     

大洋多金属结核浸出渣动态吸附Cu2+的实验研究

实验以大洋多金属结核浸出渣(66%,质量分数)为主要原料、高岭土(21%)为粘结剂、蛭石(13%)为膨胀剂,研制出用于动态吸附废水中重金属离子的浸出渣颗粒。以造粒后的颗粒为吸附剂动态处理含Cu2 的模拟废水,研究发现溶液浓度、流速、pH值对动态吸附效果的影响,选定浸出渣颗粒动态处理重金属废水的工艺参数:造粒后浸出渣颗粒的比表面积为18.61 m2/g,当模拟废水中Cu2 溶液的初始浓度为27 mg/L、pH=5.35、出口流速为10 ml/h时,每克浸出渣颗粒可动态处理模拟废水114.3 ml,处理后溶液中阳离子的浓度≤0.5 mg/L,实验效果明显。     

炉渣处理含磷废水的实验研究

以炉渣作为吸附剂，用静态吸附实验方法研究了炉渣对模拟含磷废水脱磷的一般规律，结果表明，炉渣是一种有效的吸附剂，对废水中的磷有较强的吸附去除性能。影响炉渣除磷的主要因素有吸附时间、炉渣用量、pH值和原水含磷浓度。在含磷浓度2～13mg／L、炉渣用量5g／L、中性、吸附时间为2h的实验条件下，磷的去除率可高达99％以上。     

羟基氧化铁改性硅藻土对六价铬的吸附性能

利用羟基氧化铁对硅藻土进行改性制备复合吸附剂,然后用一次平衡法研究了复合吸附剂对水体中铬酸根的吸附性能。实验结果表明:pH值为1.0,废水中Cr(VI)质量浓度不大于100 mg/L,吸附剂用量为0.5 g,吸附平衡时间为30min左右时,对六价铬的去除率达85%。动力学研究结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)在复合吸附剂上的吸附动力学可以利用拟二级动力学方程较好的描述。吸附平衡研究结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)在复合吸附剂上的吸附既可以利用Langmuir模型又可以利用Freundlich模型加以描述,这可能是由于复合吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附既有单层吸附又有多层吸附。     

吗啉废水的生化处理工艺

以含有吗啉、甲基吗啉的高浓度有机废水为研究对象,提出了曝气吹脱-吸附-生物处理的联合工艺,并在室内进行了小试实验。结果表明：原废水经过2次曝气吹脱后,ρ(NH₃-N)从62 500 mg/L降为431 mg/L,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为26 051 mg/L。通过吸附实验,ρ(COD)从26 051 mg/L降为2 769 mg/L,ρ(NH₃-N)从412 mg/L降为134 mg/L。在生物处理室内小试实验中,采用了活性污泥反应器与曝气生物滤池相结合的处理工艺。在活性污泥反应系统中,当废水pH为7.5、ρ(DO)为4.3 mg/L、水力停留时间为30 h时,COD的去除率最高,可以达到83.1%。在曝气生物滤池中,当ρ(DO)为3.3 mg/L时,COD去除率最高,达到55.8%。在生物处理的最佳参数条件下进行连续监测,当进水ρ(COD)为2 769 mg/L、出水ρ(COD)平均值为387 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到85.9%。吗啉废水经过此联合工艺的处理,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为387 mg/L。     

广西某些花岗岩型铅锌矿采矿废水石灰-混凝法处理研究

广西某些花岗岩型铅锌矿床采矿废水水质分析表明,pH值为3.8～7.65;SS(悬浮物)为11～158mg/L;Cu为0.004～1.52mg/L;Pb为0.05～0.95mg/L;Zn为0.144～68.2mg/L;Cd为0.0050～5mg/L;Hg和As含量很低。模拟废水水质投加石灰水和聚合氯化铝,铅锌有明显去除作用,将采矿废水净化工艺流程应用到铅锌矿采矿废水治理工程,外排水可达到《铅、锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB 25466-2010)中水污染物排放浓度限值要求,表明石灰-混凝法可以处理pH值和重金属含量变化较宽的酸性矿山废水。     

磷钨酸铵-海藻酸钙复合吸附剂分离铷钾工艺研究

铷作为稀有碱金属具有重大的经济战略意义。卤水中含有大量的铷资源,由于铷与大量与其物理化学性质非常接近的钾共存造成铷分离提取技术难度极大。采用磷钨酸铵-海藻酸钙AWP-CaALG球形复合吸附剂进行卤水中铷钾分离,通过动态吸附实验考察吸附剂的重复性能、流速、高径比、洗脱液浓度等吸附工艺条件对铷钾分离效果的影响。结果表明:在优化的动态吸附条件(流速=2.06BV/h,高径比=6.66)下,对CRb+=1.0g/L,CK+=10g/L,pH=1的溶液进行动态吸附,吸附剂对Rb+的吸附容量为16.34×10-3,穿透体积为7.86BV。以1 mol/L HCl~0.005 mol/L NH4Cl溶液和1 mol/L HCl~0.5mol/L NH4Cl溶液进行梯度洗脱,可得CK+=12.07 mg/L,CRb+=513.84mg/L的富集液,其中RbCl的纯度为96.93%。     

混凝沉淀-改性沸石方法联合处理锡铅锌多金属矿选矿废水初步研究

锡铅锌金属选矿过程中,重金属离子的溶出,使得选矿废水中重金属含量较高,需要处理才能达标排放。取原水pH值为8,Zn~(2+)为13.8mg/L,Cd~(2+)为0.07mg/L,采用混凝沉淀-改性沸石处理工艺流程处理,可使废水达到铅锌行业排放标准。在工程应用中,可使选矿废水达标排放,效果稳定,但沸石产泥量较大。     

利用13X沸石分子筛净化含Pb~(2+)废水的实验研究

采用静态间歇法 ,实验研究了含Pb2 +废水的 pH值及吸附时间对 13X沸石分子筛吸附Pb2 +性能的影响 ,得出了最佳去除效果的优化条件为 :废水的 pH值接近中性 ,吸附时间 10min。通过吸附实验 ,确定了在Pb2 +初始浓度为 2 0mg/L的条件下 ,13X沸石对Pb2 +的吸附量为 2 1 4 2mg/g ,即每克沸石净化含Pb2 +废水的最大体积量约为 75 0mL。解析实验表明 ,加入沉淀剂 ,浓缩洗脱液中的Pb2 +即以PbS的形式生成沉淀 ,为回收金属铅提供了可能 ;13X沸石在循环使用 5次的条件下 ,对废水中Pb2 +的吸附率仍高达 98% ,重复使用性能良好。经处理后的净化水中Pb2 +的浓度小于 0 4mg/L ,显著低于国家废水排放标准GB8978 88的指标 ( 1 0mg/L)。 13X沸石对Pb2 +的主要吸附形式是离子交换和表面络合反应。     

Removal of heavy metals from paint industry’s wastewater using Leca as an available adsorbent

The ability of light expanded clay aggregate to remove lead and cadmium from paint industry’s effluents was studied at different levels of adsorbent, contact time and pH in April 2008. For this purpose, lead and cadmium removal from paint industry effluents were studied in batch reactors. lead and cadmium measurements have been taken with non-flame atomic absorption techniques and test methods were adapted from 19^th. Ed. of standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. In this study, different amounts of Leca (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 g/L) were investigated. The amount of adsorbed lead and cadmium exposure to Leca increased from 1.41 to 3 mg/g and 0.22 to 0.75 mg/g, respectively. The maximum removal efficiency for Pb was 93.75 % at pH = 7 and exposure to 10 g/L of Leca, while for cadmium, it was nearly 89.7 % at the same condition. In this study, adsorption process of lead and cadmium was fitted with Freundlich adsorption isotherm (R² _Pb = 0.97 and R² _Cd = 0.98). The sufficient contact time was deemed 1–2 h for lead and cadmium. According to the results, Leca is recommended as a low cost and available adsorbent to remove lead and cadmium from industrial wastewater.     

Adsorption of copper, nickel and lead ions from synthetic semiconductor industrial wastewater by palm shell activated carbon

Granular activated carbon produced from palm kernel shell was used as adsorbent to remove copper, nickel and lead ions from a synthesized industrial wastewater.Laboratory experimental investigation was carried out to identify the effect of pH and contact time on adsorption of lead, copper and nickel from the mixed metals solution. Equilibrium adsorption experiments at ambient room temperature were carried out and fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results showed that pH 5 was the most suitable, while the maximum adsorbent capacity was at a dosage of 1 g/L, recording a sorption capacity of 1.337 mg/g for lead, 1.581 mg/g for copper and 0.130 mg/g for nickel. The percentage metal removal approached equilibrium within 30 min for lead, 75 min for copper and nickel, with lead recording 100 %, copper 97 % and nickel 55 % removal, having a trend of Pb²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺. Langmuir model had higher R² values of 0.977, 0.817 and 0.978 for copper, nickel and lead respectively, which fitted the equilibrium adsorption process more than Freundlich model for the three metals.     

Pb and Co removal from paint industries effluent using wood ash

The release of heavy metals into the environment is a worldwide major concern. Different studies have demonstrated that natural agents have a high removal capacity for divalent heavy metal ions. Wood ash is a natural adsorbent and, in comparison with others, has a very low price. In this study, the removal of heavy metals (Pb and Co) from Binalood paint industry (Kerman, Iran) effluent was investigated in batch condition. Pb and Co measurement in samples were done with atomic absorption equipment and test methods were adapted from standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The effect of pH and the amount of adsorbent was determined and different adsorption isotherms were also obtained. This study shows that the adsorption process follows the adsorption Langmuir isotherm. The amount of wood ash has a great role in the adsorption rate and adsorption rate increased as wood ash increased. In the study, the reactions reached equilibrium in 3 h contact time. The maximum Pb removal efficiency was 96.1 % at pH 2 with a contact time of 3 h and 100 g/L wood ash and the maximum Co removal efficiency was 99 % at pH 2 with a contact time of 3 h and 100 g/L wood ash. According to the results, wood ash is recommended as a low cost and available adsorbent to remove Pb and Co from municipal and industrial wastewaters.     

Experimental Study on Treatment of High-concentrated Sulfur Wastewater by Process of Depositing Natrojarosite and Its Environmental Significance

High-concentrated sulfur wastewater with sodium and COD （chemical oxygen demand） up to 26000 mg/L from a chemical plant, Jiangsu Province of China has been treated by deposition of natrojarosite in lab. The results indicated that the COD of the wastewater was decreased sharply from 26000 mg/L to 1001 mg/L, with removal rate of COD up to 96% by twice precipitations of natrojarosite and twice oxidation of H202. The treated sulfur wastewater reached the requirement of subsequent biochemical treatment to water quality. The optimal operational parameters should be controlled on pH value between 2.50 and 3.20 and 50 g FeCly6H2O solid added in per liter wastewater. The study provided an experimental basis for pretreatment of high-concentrated sulfur wastewater and proposed a new mineralogical method on treatment of other wastewaters. Depositing process of jarosite and its analogs should be able to be used to treat wastewater from mine and other industries to remove S, Fe and other toxic and harmful elements, such as As, Cr, Hg, Pb, etc. in the water.     

钨矿选矿废水处理新技术

采用混凝沉淀技术处理钨矿选矿废水,通过试验确定HNJY新型高效复合絮凝剂作为混凝剂最为合适,投加量为120mg/L,经处理后废水出水水质符合国家污水排放标准并能回用,废水SS约11500mg/L,处理后的出水要求为SS<10mg/L。技术经济分析,投资总费用为67.5万元,处理成本为0.60元/m3,设计工艺可靠且经济合理。本工程既防止了废水对环境的潜在污染,又解决了枯水期选矿用水不足的问题。     

Heavy metals removal from synthetic wastewater by a novel nano-size composite adsorbent

The effects of varying operating conditions on metals removal from aqueous solution using a novel nano-size composite adsorbent are reported in this paper. Characterization of the composite adsorbent material showed successful production of carbon nanotubes on granular activated carbon using 1 % nickel as catalyst. In the laboratory adsorption experiment, initial mixed metals concentration of 2.0 mg/L Cu²⁺, 1.5 mg/L Pb²⁺ and 0.8 mg/L Ni²⁺ were synthesized based on metals concentration from samples collected from a semiconductor industry effluent. The effects of operation conditions on metals removal using composite adsorbent were investigated. Experimental conditions resulting in optimal metals adsorption were observed at pH 5, 1 g/L dosage and 60 min contact time. It was noted that the percentage of metals removal at the equilibrium condition varied for each metal, with lead recording 99 %, copper 61 % and nickel 20 %, giving metal affinity trend of Pb²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ on the adsorbent. Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm model gave a higher R² value of 0.93, 0.89 and 0.986 for copper, nickel and lead, respectively, over that of Freundlich model during the adsorption process of the three metals in matrix solution.     

Influence of operating conditions on the removal of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb ions from wastewater by adsorption

Nile Rose Plant was used to study adsorption of several cations (Cu²+, Zn²+, Cd²+ and Pb²+) from wastewater within various experimental conditions. The dried leaves of Nile Rose Plant were used at different adsorbent/ metal ion ratios. The influence of pH, contact time, metal concentration, and adsorbent loading weight on the removal process was investigated. Batch adsorption studies were carried out at room temperature. The adsorption efficiencies were found to be pH dependent, increasing by increasing the pH in the range from 2.5 to 8.5 exept for Pb. The equilibrium time was attained within 60 to 90 min. and the maximum removal percentage was achieved at an adsorbent loading weight of 1.5 g/50 mL mixed ions solution. Isothermal studies showed that the data were best fitted to the Temkin isotherm model. The removal order was found to be Pb²⁺> Zn²⁺> Cu²⁺> Cd²⁺. The surface IR-characterization of Nile rose plant showed the presence of many functional groups capable of binding to the metal cations.