贵州夏季降水场与北太平洋海温场的非同步相关研究

用合成分析、奇异值分解方法（SVD）对冬季、春季北太平洋海温与我省夏季降水的关系进行了分析计算。合成分析表明贵州多雨年份冬季北太平洋海温场从西北－东南呈负－正－负－正的里平分布,少雨年份则呈相反的分布。SVD方法揭示了海温场和夏季降水奇异向量分布型,海温场与降水场具有密切的时空相关性,第1模态反映了两场间的主要耦合特征,冬季海温场第1奇异向量呈北正南负的距平分布,且黑潮区为负距平。与之对应,夏季降水第1奇异向量表现为全省一致性的负距平分布;春季海温第1奇异向量西北太平洋为正距平,黑潮区为负距平,暖地海区为正距平,NINO4区北侧海温（0～10°N180～150°W）与加利福利亚负距平区连成一片,在NINO3区有一正距平区与之对应,降水第1奇异向量表现为全省一致性的负距平分布。海温场与降水场的这种非同步联系,是一种有价值的预测贵州夏季降水异常的强信号。     

MSSA-SVD典型回归模型及其用于ENSO预报的试验

文中提出了一种基于多通道奇异谱分析 (MSSA)的广义典型混合回归模式。其基本思想是 ,利用MSSA SVD提取预报因子场和预报变量场的显著耦合振荡信号 ,对它们的前几个显著典型分布型建立多元线性统计气候预报模式。经对Nino海区各季海温距平所进行的短期气候预测试验表明 ,其预报效果优于其它统计预报方案 ,从而为探索ENSO预测方法提供了一种新的思路     

冬季北大西洋地区海表温度与500百帕高度的奇异值分解

本文介绍奇异值分解方法的原理及其在分析两个要素场之间线性关系中的应用。并用其对冬季北大西洋地区海表温度与500百帕高度标准化距平进行分析。结果表明,冬季北大西洋地区海表温度主要分布型与该地区的大气遥相关型密切相关。理论分析和实际计算结果都表明,奇异值分解方法在分析两个要素场之间的线性关系是很有效的。     

全球平均海温演变的奇异谱分析

用奇异谱分析（ＳＳＡ）研究了１３６年（１８５６－１９９１年）全球平均海温季距平演变特征，并对各主分量作了最大熵谱分析。结果表明，海温演变除了具有８１年周期外，还有一些非常明显的周期振动，这些周期主要是准１０年和２．６－６年。从各主分量的方差贡献来看，前１５个主分量的方差贡献之和是总方差的７８％。从特征向量的分布函数来看，第１、２特征向量表示了海温序列的线性特征，它们的方差之和可以占到总方差的４８％     

黄淮海地区植被活动对气候变化的响应特征

基于1982 -2003年GIMMSNDVI遥感数据和气象资料, 综合运用趋势分析、相关分析、奇异值分解等方法, 分析我国黄淮海地区植被活动对气候变化响应的时空特征。结果表明:黄淮海地区整体气候变暖趋势比较明显, 干旱化尚不显著, 年平均植被NDVI表现为略微增加的趋势。在年尺度上, 温度是敏感性最强的气候因子, 全年温度、降水、相对湿度对植被NDVI动态变化具有正效应, 而蒸发量具有负效应; 在季尺度上, 温度、降水的敏感性最强。自然植被对降水的敏感性最强, 其次是温度; 农业植被对温度的敏感性最强, 其次是降水。植被对气候变化响应的空间特征表现为, 植被主要生长季平均NDVI与温度距平场空间结构一致, 与蒸发量距平场反位相对应, 与降水量距平场呈北、南部正负相反分布, 与相对湿度距平场呈南、北向正负相反的空间分布。     

南半球环流异常与我国夏季旱涝分布关系及其影响机制

利用1951—2000年NCEP/NCAR风场和高度场再分析资料及全国160站降水量资料, 采用奇异值分解、相关和合成分析方法, 研究6—8月南半球500 hPa高度、高低层纬向风距平差异常 (Δu₈₅₀-Δu₂₀₀) 与我国夏季旱涝分布的关系及其影响机制。结果表明:当500 hPa澳大利亚高压脊偏强及西南太平洋热带地区高低层纬向风距平差为负值时, 来自南半球冷空气活动偏弱, 有利于西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏南, 热带季风偏弱, 我国夏季雨带偏南。反之, 当澳大利亚高压脊偏弱及西南太平洋热带地区高低层纬向风距平差为正值时, 我国北方降水偏多。同时, 定义了澳大利亚冬季风指数, 指出澳大利亚冬季风强年和弱年影响我国夏季旱涝分布异常的水汽输送型式不同。     

奇异值分解和奇异交叉谱分析方法在华北夏季降水诊断中的应用

利用1965~2000年华北5省市及相邻省73个地面观测站逐月平均降水场及北半球500 hPa高度场、北太平洋海温场资料, 采用奇异值分解 (SVD)、奇异交叉谱 (SCSA) 分析方法, 将华北夏季降水场分别与1月北半球500 hPa高度场、冬季北太平洋海温场进行了诊断分析, 得出奇异向量分布型及相互作用的耦合周期信号。在对前4对奇异向量的分析中发现, 华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与1月北半球500 hPa高度场PNA遥相关型关系非常密切。ENSO对华北夏季降水的影响确实存在, 但华北夏季降水全区域为正距平时与冬季北太平洋ENSO关系并不明显。同时还找出了华北降水与北半球500 hPa高度、北太平洋海温场相互作用的关键区。在华北各型降水与高度场、海温场关键区相互作用的耦合周期中, 前者以准2~7年振荡为主; 后者则周期较长, 最短周期仍为准2年振荡, 最长周期为准10~11年振荡。以上结论为进一步研究华北夏季降水短期气候预测方法, 提供了参考依据。     

冬季热带太平洋和印度洋SSTA对大气协同作用的数值试验

通过比较热带太平洋和印度洋典型分布的海表温度距平（ＳＳＴＡ）场以及热带西太平洋孤立海域ＳＳＴＡ对大气环流影响的数值试验结果，发现两者存在明显的差异，前者与观测事实一致，由此说明大气环流异常是热带太平洋和印度洋ＳＳＴＡ协同作用的结果。     

印度洋冬季海温异常对中国春季降水的影响

利用1960 2004年NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料和中国160个测站逐月降水观测资料,考虑赤道海温强迫和中高纬地区气候变化中大气环流的桥梁作用,首先对冬季印度洋海温距平场与同期北半球500 hPa位势高度距平场进行奇异值分解(SVD),然后分析印度洋海温异常对中国冬季及后期春季降水的影响。结果表明,印度洋冬季海温距平场第一奇异向量是全区一致的单极型分布形势,而且对中国春季降水的影响显著,特别是与长江中下游以北至华北地区、新疆等大片地区的春季降水呈显著正相关关系。当印度洋冬季海温距平场第一奇异向量处于正位相的时候,海温异常偏暖,此时对应的东亚地区上空西风急流减弱,日本海附近500 hPa位势高度出现正异常中心,使得东亚大槽偏东、偏弱,有助于低层偏南气流带来的水汽在长江中下游以北至华北地区形成水汽辐合,从而造成该地区春季降水偏多。因此,印度洋冬季海温距平场的第一奇异向量可以作为次年长江中下游以北至华北地区春季降水季节预报的一个前期预报因子。     

近百年全球平均气温年际变率中的QBO长期变化特征

应用奇异谱分析(SSA)方法和奇异交叉谱分析(SCSA)方法，对全球及南北半球近100多年(1856～1997年)逐月地面气温距平序列中的准两年周期振荡(QBO)的长期演变特征进行诊断分析。结果表明:全球平均气温序列蕴含显著的QBO分量，它们与全球气候系统中其他各个子系统所隐含的QBO信号具有各种耦合对应关系，尤其突出地表现在Nino区海温和以SLP序列为代表的全球大气环流系统中QBO信号的耦合对应关系上。而平均气温的QBO的年代际特征及其变率的阶段性，不但表现在振幅上，而且其位相亦很明显。上述特征在全球、两半球具有明显的差异。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.