北京市立水桥附近黄庄-高丽营隐伏断裂的浅层地震勘探

利用高精度的浅层地震勘探手段,探测出北京市立水桥附近的黄庄-高丽营隐伏断裂,并进行了地质解释。结果表明北京市立水桥附近区域的浅部速度模型为4层结构。第1层至第2层的介质深度从0～150m,P波速度从800～2000m/s,介质为第四纪或古-新近纪覆盖层;第3层至第4层的介质深度为130～300m,P波速度在2000～2500m/s以上,推测为泥岩、砂岩类的基岩区。黄庄-高丽营隐伏活断裂其浅部由东西2条近似平行、相距1300m、走向N23°E、倾向SE的断裂所组成,西断裂F2倾角22°,东断裂F1倾角67°,在634m深度归结成单条断层,构成分叉状结构;断层上盘埋深101m,下盘埋深109m,断距为8m,为断错T2,T3地层界面、带走滑分量的正断层型     

西藏高原地壳上地幔P波和S波速度结构

利用西藏高原及其邻区150个地震,西藏台网、四川台网、世界标准台网及在西藏布设的流动台网的 P 波和 S 波观测资料,得出了该地区的地壳和上地幔的 P 波以及 S 波的速度模型:(1)地壳平均厚度70km,可分为明显的两层.上层厚16km,P 波速度5.55km/s,S 波3.25km/s;下层厚54km,P 波速度6.52km/s,S 波3.76km/s;(2)上地幔顶层 P 波速度7.97m/s,S 波4.55km/s.140km 处出现低速层,层厚约55——62km.低速层下的正速度梯度与地幔顶部盖层相差无几.      

镇江地区主要NW向断裂的第四纪活动性

五峰山-西来桥断裂和丹徒-建山断裂是镇江地区2条主要的NW向断裂,可能与镇江多次破坏性地震相关.文中通过浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测方法,对五峰山-西来桥断裂和丹徒-建山断裂的展布特征及第四纪活动性进行了系统研究.五峰山-西来桥断裂在浅层地震剖面上倾向NE,倾角约为60°,断距约为5～9m,以正断活动为主;大路镇场地...     

浅层人工地震和地质雷达在城市活动断层探测中的联合应用?以鹤壁市汤东断裂为例

浅层人工地震勘探是探查城市隐伏活动断层最有效的手段之一,然而受近地表探测盲区和探测分辨率的限制,该方法难以获取活动断层超浅层上断点的准确埋深位置。地质雷达探测方法在一定程度上可弥补浅层人工地震勘探的不足。为探索浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测的联合应用效果,分析其在城市隐伏活动断层探测中的应用潜力,选取河南省鹤壁市汤东断裂西支为研究对象,并在冯屯村和前交卸村分别开展联合探测,获取高信噪比的浅层人工地震反射剖面和地质雷达剖面。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的冯屯村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为60～70 m,地质雷达探测揭示的上断点埋深约为2.5 m,结合平均沉积速率推测汤东断裂西支在冯屯村的最新活动时代约为25 ka。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的前交卸村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为50～60 m,地质雷达探测揭示出汤东断裂西支在前交卸村处未造成近地表约10 m以内的地层断错。研究结果表明,在城市隐伏活动断层探测中,采用浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测相结合的方法,不但可有效确定活动断层的位置,且可进一步约束活动断层上断点的准确埋深,有利于指导后期地震地质勘探中的探槽和钻孔布设。     

南海中北部陆缘横波速度结构及其构造意义

纵横波联合勘探可以得到更多关于岩石圈层岩性、物性等介质属性方面的信息,有效提高地壳物质组成的约束性.在纵波速度结构模型的基础上,通过射线追踪和走时拟合对OBS2006-3地震剖面径向分量的转换震相进行了横波速度结构模拟.结果表明:沉积层1、沉积层2的横波速度分别为0.7～0.9 km/s和1.6～1.7 km/s,波速...     

重庆浅层S波速度结构研究

基于重庆台网及邻区固定台站自2011年1月至2018年10月观测到的远震波形记录,利用接收函数直达P波振幅约束浅层结构的方法计算了重庆及周边地区台站下方浅层S波速度结构,结果表明：重庆浅层S波速度结构与盆山构造明显相关,盆地内表现为低速异常,与沉积层特征相对应,大巴山、大娄山区域则表现为相对高速的特征;华蓥山断裂S波速度高于断裂两侧的沉积层速度,表现出四川盆地沉积层中间薄两边厚的特点;华蓥山以东的川东地区多为套滑脱层构造,其浅层S波速度表现为低速异常。最后讨论了2010年以来重庆5次显著地震的孕震环境：川东滑脱构造地区的垫江M_S4.4地震和石柱M_S4.5地震与该区明显的低速异常有关;荣昌M_S4.7和M_S4.8地震的震源区无明显的高低速特征,可能与注水相关;武隆M_S5.0地震发生在高低速交界部位的有利于积累应变的高速体一侧。     

利用时移层析成像方法分析2014年云南景谷MS6.6地震震源区的P波速度变化

为了获得2014年景谷MS 6.6地震发生前后10a间震源区高空间分辨率的P波速度变化,文中基于2008年1月1日—2017年12月31日由云南区域数字地震台网所记录的景谷地震震源区的地震资料,首先采用双差层析成像方法联合绝对到时和相对到时反演了景谷地震震源区高分辨率的三维P波速度结构,反演结果表明景谷地震的余震序列分布于P波高速异常区及低速异常区的交界处,与澜沧江断裂有所相交的断裂处于低速异常区,这可能与断层中的流体有关.然后采用基于双差层析成像的时移层析成像方法得到了不同时间段之间的P波速度变化的时空分布,并结合已有的地质与地球物理研究成果,对P波速度的变化特征及其机制进行了探究,得到几点认识:1)景谷主震震中附近浅层深度的P波速度最大降幅为0.2％,在景谷主震发生2个月后出现,主要受岩石破坏影响所致.2)5～15km深度处整体存在P波速度上升条带区域,推测该区域为高强度、高阻介质的脆韧性转换带,不受主震发生的影响.在2014年12月6日MS5.8及MS5.9余震发生后,余震分布方向发生了明显变化,震源深度加深,脆韧性转换带受其影响使得P波速度下降了3.8％.3)震后约3a,P波速度上升并超过震前水平,可能在震源区的愈合过程中还包含了2018年9月8日云南墨江MS5.9地震发生前的应力积累过程.     

根据地震折射测量解释加州东部Long谷-Mono火山口地区的上地壳结构

1982和1983年夏季期间,在Long谷-Mono火山口地区完成了十条新的地震折射剖面的野外观测工作,该地区位于Sierra Nevada东部和盆地山脉省之间的构造活动带内．本文所提供的四条剖面,给出了下列地区地壳上部7-10km内结构的实例：Long谷破火山口西半部、Mono火山口环状断裂系统、以及Long谷以北和东北的“正常”地壳．这整个区域有一个主要由中生代花岗岩组成的、共同的结晶基底.在地表以下2km深处,P波速度均匀,约为5．6km/s；而在此深度以下,速度大约以0．1 km/s的梯度增加．根据穿越破火山口西部的一条剖面观测到的、清晰的续至波证实了1972年折射剖面的结果：即在附生圆丘(resurgentdome)西缘下方7-8km处有一个反射界面,这可能是一个岩浆房的顶部．对地壳上部2km内细结构的解释得到下列结论： (1)在深度小于2km的结晶基底中,P波速度从3．6变化到5．0 km/s．这种变化反映了基底上部断裂发育程度的差异(2)在Mono火山口环状断裂下方、上部7-10km以内的基底显然是均匀的,这表明：如果那里有大的岩浆房,其深度至少应有10km．(3)在Long谷破火山口西半部地区下方,下降的结晶基底稍微(5-10°)朝东北方向倾斜．这个破火山口的北边、西边和南边,沿着陡倾的破火山口边界断层,视断距为1．0-1．7km,而其北边的断距最大．(4)构成这个破火山口填充物的岩石基本上有三组P波速度：①从地表向下100-400m的速度值为1．2-1．8km/s,其物质组分相当于未固结的河相或湖相沉积、或为非常破碎的流纹岩；②再向下200-400m,速度为2．8-3．1 km/s,相应的物质是有稀疏节理的次火山口流纹岩、流纹英安岩和玄武岩流；③再向下大约1000m,速度为3．9-4．4km/s,其物质为Bishop凝灰岩沉积．     

泰安－忻州剖面S波资料解释及其与邢台地震的相关性分析>.

根据泰安——隆尧——忻州DSS剖面所获S波信息，参照P波解释结果，计算了包括该剖面的S波速度vS、P波速度与S波速度比和泊松比在内的二维结构，给出了该剖面的构造轮廓并做出了相应的解释推断． 利用不同的介质和构造之间vS，和的差异，结合邻区资料，划分了剖面上地幔顶部速度的值差为-4%左右的幔隆区(vS＝4.30 km/s左右)和幔坡区(vS＝4.50 km/s左右)，再次确认了牛家桥——东旺高角度超壳断裂带的存在，探讨了包括壳幔过渡带在内的低、高速块体(带)的性质和华北裂谷的界定标志． 综合研究了解释结果与地震的相关性，认为:地幔上隆、热物质沿高角度超壳断裂上升，初始震源在深30.0～33.0 km的壳幔交界处，附加应力激发了牛家桥、东旺下面深9.0 km附近特殊部位的6.8级和7.2级等地震，地震围绕高角度超壳断裂发生、并集中于和值较低的脆性介层之中．      

金坛-如皋断裂北东段浅层地震勘探新证据

NE向的区域性深大断裂——金坛-如皋断裂为苏北坳陷区和南通隆起区的分界断裂。为了调查金坛-如皋断裂北东段的空间位置、性质和断裂构造特征并重新厘定其活动性,文中在石油地震勘探剖面提供的金坛-如皋断裂北东段大体空间位置及反射标志层的基础上,布设了4条浅层人工地震勘探剖面,对金坛-如皋断裂北东段进行了高分辨率地震反射成像,获得了测线控制范围内清晰的地下结构和断裂构造成像结果。结果表明,金坛-如皋断裂北东段并非单一的一条断层,而是由2条N倾、NEE走向的正断层组成的断裂带。浅层地震叠加剖面揭示活动性更强的南支上断点埋深235～243m,断错了下更新统底界,结合测线周边的钻孔资料推测其最新活动时代为第四纪早更新世(Q1P)。文中的研究结果为确定金坛-如皋断裂北东段的位置及其活动性评价提供了可靠的地震学资料。     

PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE POSSIBLE AREA OF STRONG EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCE IN FUTURE ALONG THE SHANDONG-JIANGSU-ANHUI SEGMENT OF TANCHENG-LUJIANG FAULT ZONE

Tancheng-Lujiang Fault runs through Shandong,Jiangsu,Anhui Provinces of East China,and this segment is called the Shandong-Jiangsu-Anhui segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in the paper.By comparative analysis on the data of seismogeology,deep seismic exploration,seismic tomography,seismic activity,geomorphology,crustal motion velocity field and deformation observation,etc.,and based on the principles of historical earthquake recurrence and structure analogy,the possibility is discussed of the occurrence of strong earthquake in the Shandong-Jiangsu-Anhui segment.It is found by comparison between the Wangji-Jiashan region of south Sihong County and epicenter area of the 1668 Tancheng M 8¹/₂ earhtquake that there are high similarities between these two regions in terms of deep-seated and shallow geologic structure,neotectonic movement,and seismic activity,etc.According to the studies of historic seismic event recurrence and tectonic comparison,the area along Wangji to Jiashan of Sihong County along the Shandong-Jiangsu-Anhui segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone is likely to generate M7 or above strong earthquake.     

地震折射波法在郑州市西区浅层勘探中的应用

在城市活断层勘探中,对于面波干扰大、地震反射波法难以开展工作的区域,可尝试利用地震折射波法进行探测,并对折射波法探测的原始记录采用时间项、差异时距曲线和有限差分成像等方法进行综合计算、分析,以探索折射波法在城市活断层勘探中的应用成效。文中针对郑州市须水断层西段浅层地震折射波法勘探记录,利用时间项、差异时距曲线和有限差分成像等计算方法,获取剖面速度结构与界面构造;综合震相特征、计算结果等资料确定主要地层的界面深度和构造特征,3种方法都取得了相近的结论。后又通过在测线上4个钻孔资料的验证,认为3种方法的计算结果与钻孔资料相吻合,说明折射波法勘探在城市活断层探测中的应用是可行的     

SHALLOW STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ZHUYANGGUAN-XIAGUAN FAULT IN THE NANYANG BASIN

The Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault is a major fault in the Nanyang Basin. Together with the the Shangxian-Danfeng fault in the south and the Tieluzi fault in the north, it serves as the north boundary of the East Qingling Mountains, as well as the dividing line between North China and South China blocks. This work studied the spatial extension, activity and shallow structure of Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan Fault by combination of shallow seismic exploration of three profiles across the fault and a composite drilling cross-section data. The anti-interference and high resolution shallow seismic reflection exploration method based on Vibseis techniques was used in the seismic survey. The results show the existence of the main fault and its southern branch. It can be determined that the the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault is a NWW-trending normal fracture. The composite drilling cross-section reveals that the buried depth of the fault's up-breakpoint is about 17.6 to 20.5 meters and the latest active time is the late Middle Pleistocene. As one of the major buried faults in the Nanyang Basin, the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault has restricted the development of Nanyang City for a long time due to its unclear location and activity characteristics. The results of this study can provide geological and geophysical evidence for seismic risk assessment and site selection for the major lifeline projects in Nanyang City.     

NEW EVIDENCES FOR LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE YISHU-TANGTOU FAULT,THE TAN-LU FAULT ZONE,AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATION

The Tan-Lu Fault Zone(TLFZ), a well-known lithosphere fault zone in eastern China, is a boundary tectonic belt of the secondary block within the North China plate, and its seismic risk has always been a focus problem. Previous studies were primarily conducted on the eastern graben faults of the Yishu segment where there are historical earthquake records, but the faults in western graben have seldom been involved. So, there has been no agreement about the activity of the western graben fault from the previous studies. This paper focuses on the activity of the two buried faults in the western graben along the southern segment of Yishu through combination of shallow seismic reflection profile and composite drilling section exploration. Shallow seismic reflection profile reveals that the Tangwu-Gegou Fault(F₄)only affects the top surface of Suqian Formation, therefore, the fault may be an early Quaternary fault. The Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)has displaced the upper Pleistocene series in the shallow seismic reflection profile, suggesting that the fault may be a late Pleistocene active fault. Drilling was implemented in Caiji Town and Lingcheng Town along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)respectively, and the result shows that the latest activity time of Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)is between(91.2±4.4)ka and(97.0±4.8)ka, therefore, the fault belongs to late Pleistocene active fault. Combined with the latest research on the activity of other faults along TLFZ, both faults in eastern and western graben were active during the late Pleistocene in the southern segment of the Yishu fault zone, however, only the fault in eastern graben was active in the Holocene. This phenomenon is the tectonic response to the subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Sea Plate and collision between India and Asian Plate. The two late Quaternary active faults in the Yishu segment of TLFZ are deep faults and present different forms on the surface and in near surface according to studies of deep seismic reflection profile, seismic wave function and seismic relocation. Considering the tectonic structure of the southern segment of Yishu fault zone, the relationship between deep and shallow structures, and the impact of 1668 Tancheng earthquake(M=8(1/2)), the seismogenic ability of moderate-strong earthquake along the Yishui-Tangtou Fault(F₃)can't be ignored.     

FAULT ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN SEGMENT OF THE EASTERN BRANCH OF XINYI-LIANJIANG FAULT ZONE IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

The NE-trending Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone is a tectonic belt, located in the interior of the Yunkai uplift in the west of Guangdong Province, clamping the Lianjiang synclinorium and consisting of the eastern branch and the western branch. The southwestern segment of the eastern branch of Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone, about 34km long, extends from the north of Guanqiao, through Lianjiang, to the north of Hengshan. However, it is still unclear about whether the segment extends to Jiuzhoujiang alluvial plain or not, which is in the southwest of Hengshan. If it does, what is about its fault activity? According to ‘Catalogue of the Modern Earthquakes of China’, two moderately strong earthquakes with magnitude 6.0 and 6.5 struck the Lianjiang region in 1605 AD. So it is necessary to acquire the knowledge about the activity of the segment fault, which is probably the corresponding seismogenic structure of the two destructive earthquakes. And the study on the fault activity of the segment can boost the research on seismotectonics of moderately strong earthquakes in Southeast China. In order to obtain the understanding of the existence of the buried fault of the southwestern segment, shallow seismic exploration profiles and composite borehole sections have been conducted. The results indicate its existence. Two shallow seismic exploration profiles show that buried depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throw of the buried fault are 60m and 4~7m(L5-1 and L5-2 segment, the Hengshan section), 85m and 5~8m(L5-3 segment), 73m and 3~5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively and all of them suggest the buried fault has offset the base of the Quaternary strata. Two composite borehole sections reveal that the depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throws of the buried segment are about 66m and 7.5m(Hengshan section) and 75m and 5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively. The drilling geological section in Hengshan reveals that the width of the fault could be up to 27m. Chronology data of Quaternary strata in the two drilling sections, obtained by means of electron spin resonance(ESR), suggest that the latest activity age of the buried fault of the southwestern segment is from late of early Pleistocene(Tiantouzai section) to early stage of middle Pleistocene(Hengshan section). Slip rates, obtained by Hengshan section and Tiantouzai section, are 0.1mm/a and 0.013mm/a, respectively. As shown by the fault profile located in a bedrock exposed region in Shajing, there are at least two stages of fault gouge and near-horizontal striation on the fault surface, indicating that the latest activity of the southwestern segment is characterized by strike-slip movement. Chronology data suggest that the age of the gouge formed in the later stage is(348±49) ka.     

新乡-商丘断裂永城段第四纪活动特征分析

新乡-商丘断裂是河南省中北部一条规模较大、切割较深的区域性隐伏断裂,为查明新乡-商丘断裂永城段的浅部构造特征和上断点最新活动时代,在永城段开展浅层人工地震勘探工作,获得2条高分辨率、高信噪比的地震反射剖面,通过地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测,并结合区域地质资料对新乡-商丘断裂永城段的上断点位置及活动性进行研究,揭示本断裂上断点进入了第四系上更新统底界,推测其最新活动时代为晚更新世早、中期,是一条隐伏活动断裂。     

高分辨折射和浅层反射地震方法在活断层探测中的联合应用

浅层反射地震方法是城市活断层探测常用的技术,但在基岩埋深比较浅的地区,往往只能识别出基岩顶面的反射波,而仅根据反射地震剖面上单个同相轴的变化很难准确判定断层是否存在.浅层地层的错断往往会引起速度的横向变化,利用高分辨折射地震方法采集的数据,应用层析成像方法获得的速度剖面,能够反映地下速度结构的变化,可以从另一方面揭示浅层断层存在的可能性.在四川某地,将这两种方法同时应用于活断层浅层地震勘探中.结果表明,两种方法联合应用可在一定程度上弥补浅层反射地震勘探方法在基岩埋深较浅地区的不足.     

滇池盆地东缘白邑-横冲断裂南段的浅层地震勘探研究

本文用浅层地震反射波法对可能穿越昆明新城区东部第四系覆盖区的白邑-横冲断裂南段进行了探测,结果表明:采用浅层地震反射波法探测隐伏断层是有效的,在滇池盆地东缘,白邑-横冲断裂南段东支在隐伏区存在,断面接近直立,视倾角约80°,具有高倾角张性正断性质,基岩垂直错距为10—13m,断裂规模由北向南减小;同时,没有发现西支次级断层存在迹象。据土层测龄结果,东支断裂最新活动时代为第四纪中更新世晚期。     

RESEARCH ON ACTIVITIES OF THE GUDIAN FAULT IN SONGYUAN,JILIN PROVINCE

The Gudian Fault in the southwest of Songyuan is an important fault in the central depression of the Songliao Basin. It was recognized from the petroleum exploration data. Based on the data, we conducted shallow seismic exploration, drilling exploration, age determination(OSL) and topography measurement. The fault features and its motion characteristics are analyzed with the results of shallow seismic exploration. With stratigraphic correlation and optical stimulated luminescence dating, the latest active age of the fault is determined. The surface relief of the region to the southeast of the drilling site is relatively larger than surrounding places. An 800m long section across the fault was measured by GPSRTK, and the deformation amount across the zone was calculated. Four conclusions are drawn in this paper:(1) The Gudian Fault is arcuate in shape and shows a property of inverse fault with a length of about 66km in the reflection interface T1(bottom of the upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Group). (2) The middle part of the fault rupture is wider than the ends, narrowing or dying out outwards. According to this feature and the rupture of the bottom of the fourth segment of the upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Group, the fault can be divided into three segments, e.g. Daliba Village-Gaizijing-Guyang segment, Guyang-Shenjingzi-Julongshan Village segment and Julongshan Village-Caiyuanzi segment. (3) The yellow silt layer at the base of the upper Pleistocene series ((33.66±3.27) ka BP~50ka BP) is offset by the Gudian Fault, while the upper tawny silt layer is not influenced by the fault. Thus, the fault belongs to late Pleistocene active fault. (4) The amount of geomorphic deformation around Shenjingzi is 9m. The depth of the bottom of the upper Pleistocene series is 11m and the Huangshan Group of the mid Pleistocene series exposes to the southeast of the deformation zone. Therefore, the throw of the bottom of the upper Pleistocene series is about 20m at the sides of the deformation zone. In addition, the Qianguo M6(3/4) earthquake occurred in Songyuan area in 1119 AD. Though some studies have been done, arguments still exist on the seismogenic structure of the Qianguo M6(3/4) earthquake. Combined with others studies, Gudian Fault is considered as the seismogenic structure of the Qianguo M6(3/4) earthquake.