北祁连西段双龙镁铁质-超镁铁质岩地球化学特征及构造意义

北祁连西段双龙一带出露的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩主要由蛇纹石化二辉橄榄岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩及玄武岩组成,这些岩石单元与构造卷入的前寒武纪变质岩系和深海沉积的硅质岩一起构成蛇绿混杂岩带。辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为464±2 Ma(MSWD=1.3)。Zr/TiO_2-Nb/Y图解显示辉绿岩为拉斑玄武岩系列,玄武岩为碱性系列,两者均具有低的MgO和相容元素Cr、Ni含量,指示在岩浆作用过程中发生过橄榄石、辉石的分离结晶作用。球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图显示,辉绿岩呈平坦型,(La/Yb)_N=1.35~1.45,无Eu异常(δEu=1.0~1.1),以及Lu/Yb(~0.15)、Zr/Y(~2.5)、Y/Tb(~39)比值等均类似于N-MORB;但它们又相对富集Ba、Sr,亏损Nb、Ta、Pb,以及Nb/U(~21)、Zr/Nb(~16)、Th/Ta(~5.7)比值则显示了岛弧玄武岩或弧后盆地玄武岩的特征,推测辉绿岩应源于受俯冲流体交代的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩部分熔融的产物。玄武岩地球化学特征明显不同于辉绿岩,表现为相对富集LREE,~8.48,轻微负Eu异常(δEu=0.91),以及Zr/Y(~8)、Y/Tb(~30)、Ta/Yb(~0.6)、Th/Yb(~2.5)比值等类似于OIB,指示玄武岩应源于富集地幔部分熔融的产物,但岩石又表现出富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、Pb、Sr、Zr、Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P,以及Th/Ta(~4.8)、Zr/Nb(~14)、Nb/Yb(~10)、Nb/U(~11)比值又具有岛弧或弧后盆地玄武岩的亲缘性,显示了玄武岩应源于地幔深部流体交代的石榴石二辉橄榄岩或尖晶石+石榴石二辉橄榄岩部分熔融的产物,表明早古生代北祁连古大洋在俯冲闭合过程中具有洋岛或海底高原的增生作用。结合区域地质背景,利用全球大数据建立的构造判别图解综合研究认为,北祁连西段熬油沟-玉石沟-双龙-小龙孔-卡瓦-东沟等镁铁质-超镁铁质岩共同构成一条重要的SSZ型蛇绿岩带,为北祁连古大洋向南俯冲形成的弧后盆地的残留体。     

东昆仑浪木日镁铁质-超镁铁质岩成因：锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征

浪木日镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体位于东昆仑造山带东段,临近昆中断裂,主要由橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩和辉长岩组成,且局部发育星点状和浸染状硫化物矿化。辉石岩和橄榄辉石岩获得的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(421.2±1.2)Ma和(421.10±0.96)Ma,表明岩体侵位于晚志留世。岩石地球化学特征显,浪木日镁铁质-超镁铁质岩具有较高的Mg^#(Mg^#>80),富集LILE(Rb、Th、U等),亏损HFSE(Nb、Ta、Ti等),轻、重稀土元素分馏程度较强((La/Yb)_N=6.28～50.91,(La/Sm)_N=1.45～4.15,(Gd/Yb)_N=1.43～9.71),具有弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.226～0.824)。锆石Lu-Hf(ε_Hf(t)=-2.9～-10)和全岩Sr-Nd(ε_Nd(t)=-10.3～-8.9)同位素特征显示,其岩浆源区主要来自富集地幔,与俯冲洋壳脱水交代上覆地幔楔活动有关。综合研究表明,浪木日镁铁质-超镁铁...     

海南岛晚古生代洋岛玄武岩(OIB型)的发现及地球动力学暗示

海南岛西部的军营-邦溪地区产出一套变质的、晚古生代镁铁质-超镁铁质熔岩系列.根据地质学、岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究,该套岩石可划分为高镁和低镁两个系列,前者以高镁(Mg# =76.9～81.3)为特征,后者以低镁(Mg#=40.7～48.4)、高钛含量(2.34％ ～3.27％)为特征.这套镁铁质-超镁铁质熔岩具有LREE富集[(La/Yb)N =2.40～7.58]和无明显Eu异常的稀土配分模式,以及无Nb亏损、但略具轻微Ta正异常的微量元素原始地幔标准化曲线;87Sr/86Sr (270Ma)和εNd(270Ma)比值的变化范围分别为0.70645 ～0.70956和+4.7～ +6.5,这些地球化学特征与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)极其相似.一些反映源区特征的比值,如Ta/Hf、Th/Nb、Nb/Zr、La/Ta、La/Sm、(La/Nb)PM、(Th/Ta)PM等均指示其地幔柱成因,是石榴子石二辉橄榄岩地幔低程度部分熔融形成的产物.橄榄石斑晶的矿物化学进一步揭示,岩石的高镁性质是由橄榄石堆晶引起的,而橄榄石斑晶低的Fo(68 ～77)值,暗示其原始岩浆为低镁的玄武质岩浆;低镁系列相对于高镁系列明显低的Cr、Ni含量,说明岩浆随后发生了橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶作用.军营-邦溪地区晚古生代OIB型洋岛玄武岩可能代表了东古特提斯洋在海南岛的又一记录,该认识对深入探讨华南古特提斯洋的演化及其在海南岛的响应提供了新的证据.     

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿镁铁质超镁铁质岩体岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

文章报道了东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿成矿岩体的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学以及锆石Hf同位素资料,以确定该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其形成的构造环境。夏日哈木Ⅰ号镁铁质超镁铁质岩体位于昆中基底隆起花岗岩带中段,北侧靠近昆北断裂。岩体走向NEE,剖面呈平缓的“岩盆状”,地表出露面积约0.7 km2。该杂岩体主要由辉长苏长岩、斜方辉石岩、橄榄辉石岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩组成,橄榄岩相和辉石岩相是主要的Cu、Ni赋矿岩相。镁铁质超镁铁质岩体主量元素具有低硅(w(SiO₂)=36.68%~52.58%)、低钛(w(TiO2)=0.13%~0.47%)、高镁(w(MgO)=10.91%~35.81%)、贫碱(w(K₂O+Na₂O)=0.26%~1.95%)的特征,属亚碱性系列岩石,m/f为3.88~6.29,属铁质超基性岩类(m/f=2~6.5)。岩石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为轻稀土富集型,(La/Yb)N=1.44~2.98,Eu异常不明显,相似的稀土元素配分模式说明岩体的同源性。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、K),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta)。岩体中存在新元古代花岗岩的捕虏体以及La/Yb、Ce/Yb、Th/Yb、Nb/La、La/Sm比值显示岩体经历了有限的地壳混染。辉长苏长岩锆石的LA-MC ICPMS、U-Pb年代学研究表明,岩体形成年龄为(423±1) Ma,MSWD=0.14,属晚志留世。锆石的176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282 628~0.282 833,相应的εHf(t)均为正值(4.0~10.9),Lu-Hf的单阶段模式年龄(tDM1)为610~875 Ma,平均值为788 Ma,大于锆石U-Pb年龄。研究认为,岩体的岩浆源区主要为亏损地幔,可能有早期流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔组分的加入和地壳物质的混染。结合区域构造演化,文章认为岩体形成于碰撞后伸展的构造环境,可能与俯冲板片的断离作用有关。岩浆演化过程中橄榄石和斜方辉石的分离结晶作用和地壳中硫的加入可能是促使岩浆体系达到硫饱和的主要机制。     

东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及岩浆演化过程探讨

黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,与构造带内一系列镁铁-超镁铁质岩体构成了东天山镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。黄山南岩体锆石U-Pb同位素定年得到293.7±3.1Ma的加权平均年龄,显示其形成年龄为早二叠世。岩石样品镁铁比值m/f比值介于4.45~6.37之间,属于铁质超基性岩;利用橄榄石最高Fo值计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Mg~#值为0.70,表明其母岩浆成分与原生岩浆较为接近,具有高镁拉斑玄武岩质岩浆的性质,且演化程度较低或母岩浆有过剩橄榄石堆晶的加入。Ba/La、Ba/Nb、Ba/Th、Rb/Nb、Th/Nb和Sm/Yb等微量元素比值表明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区可能为一被俯冲板片沉积物和流体改造过的较富集的岩石圈地幔。主量元素变化特征显示了岩浆结晶分异作用的一般特征;较高的Ba/Nb比值,相对高的La/Nb和低La/Ba值以及Ni-Ta-(Ti)元素的负异常表明岩浆上升过程中可能经历了地壳物质的混染作用。黄山南岩体年龄及岩石地球化学特征综合表明其能够代表东天山地区地幔岩浆演化早期阶段的产物,具有较好的成矿潜力。     

江南造山带西南段梵净山地区镁铁质-超镁铁质岩:形成时代、地球化学特征与构造环境

梵净山地区位于江南造山带的西南缘,这里新元古代的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩浆岩广泛发育,岩性包括枕状熔岩、超镁铁质-镁铁质岩床群以及浅成侵入的辉长岩,成分属拉斑玄武岩系列。其中枕状熔岩以富集轻稀土元素和Rb、Ba、Th、U等强不相容元素,亏损高场强元素Nb和Ta,低的εNd(t)值为特征,明显不同于洋脊玄武岩,推测其成因可能与富集型地幔的部分熔融有关,形成于与俯冲有关的弧后小洋盆环境。超镁铁质-镁铁质岩床群主要由辉绿岩和碳酸辉橄岩组成,其中超镁铁质岩床群中出现大量的原生碳酸盐矿物,指示它们形成于拉张(甚至裂谷)的构造环境。辉长岩可能是区内最晚形成的岩浆岩,其SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为821±4Ma。由枕状熔岩经超镁铁质-镁铁质岩床群到辉长岩,高场强元素Nb和Ta的亏损程度减弱、轻稀土元素的富集程度降低、εNd(t)值由负值变为正值,指示随时间的由早到晚,来自亏损地幔的物质不断增加。推测梵净山地区新元古代岩浆作用的顺序大致为:枕状熔岩(～840Ma)→白云母花岗岩(～838Ma)→碳酸超镁铁质岩床群→镁铁质岩床群→辉长岩(～821Ma),构造环境由俯冲-碰撞到拉张-裂谷。     

内蒙古乌拉特中旗克布镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体年代学、矿物学和岩石地球化学

内蒙古乌拉特中旗地处华北陆块北缘西段,大地构造分区属于狼山-白云鄂博陆缘裂谷。区域上,镁铁质-超镁铁质岩呈东西向带状分布,断续出露长约300km,宽约30km。该镁铁质-超镁铁质岩带内铜镍矿床(点)较为发育,克布为该带内一个中-小型铜镍硫化物矿床。克布镁铁质-超镁铁岩体出露面积约45km2,主要由辉长岩相和橄榄岩相组成,辉长岩相为岩体的主要岩相,橄榄岩相为主要的赋矿岩石,两个相带相伴产出,呈渐变过渡关系。本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年,获得克布斜长方辉橄榄岩年龄为258.1±1.8Ma(MSWD=2.3),属于晚二叠世。岩石主、微量及稀土元素分析结果表明,岩石样品属铁质镁铁质-超镁铁质岩,具有拉斑玄武岩系列演化趋势,并相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Sr、Ba),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti),以及具有轻稀土富集[(La/Yb)N=2.47~11.29]的右倾型稀土配分模式。以橄榄石-熔体平衡原理估算克布镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体母岩浆的MgO含量为10.1%,FeO为12.1%,应为高镁的拉斑玄武质岩浆。综合分析认为,克布镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体应形成于后碰撞伸展阶段,岩浆源区由被消减板片交代的地幔楔物质和软流圈物质组成。橄榄石和辉石等富镁铁矿物的分离结晶和富硅地壳物质的混染可能对硫化物熔离富集成矿起到了关键性作用。     

黔东南宰便新元古代镁铁-超镁铁质岩地球化学

在黔东南从江宰便地区进行地质填图过程中发现一处镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,该岩体属新元古代钙碱质岩系,矿物成分主要为长石、辉石和绿泥石等。其主量成分以高Na2O(5.04%~6.64%),CaO(0.76%~6.67%)和MgO(6.79%~7.88%),低TiO2(0.30%~0.4%),贫K2O(0.10%~0.29%)和P2O5(0.04%~0.05%)为特征。稀土总量ΣREE较高,为83.37×10-6~164.97×10-6,其LREE/HREE和(La/Yb)N变化较大,分别为3.50~7.25和2.90~7.58,表明轻和重稀土分馏较大,(La/Sm)N和(Gd/Yb)N相对较小,分别为1.81~3.19和1.22~1.53,表明轻稀土和重稀土内部分馏较小。在球粒陨石标准化图解上,为轻稀土富集,无Eu、Ce明显异常的平坦型;在原始地幔标准化曲线上出现较为明显的Nb、Ta负异常。微量元素及Y/Nb、Zr/Nb等参数暗示其为过渡-富集型地幔部分熔融的产物。综合研究表明该岩体形成于约800Ma的板内拉张环境,可能与导致Rodinia超大陆裂解的地幔柱有关。     

内蒙古哈达阳镁铁-超镁铁质岩锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学特征:对嫩江—黑河地区晚泥盆世俯冲背景的制约

哈达阳地区出露的镁铁-超镁铁质岩石,分布于嫩江—黑河构造带哈达阳构造混杂岩中,岩石类型主要为角闪辉长岩和角闪石岩,呈异地岩块产出。笔者对其进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及全岩地球化学研究,获得角闪石岩和角闪辉长岩中锆石的加权平均206Pb/238U年龄分别为(362.09±0.55)Ma(n=26)和(363.4±1.2)Ma(n=33),属晚泥盆世,为该构造带内迄今报道的最古老的镁铁-超镁铁质岩年龄。岩石地球化学特征研究表明,角闪石岩低Ti(Ti O2=0.65%~0.97%)、低K(K2O=0.04%~0.12%)和高Mg(Mg O=20.42%~24.07%)、高Fe(TFe O=10.25%~11.46%);LREE和HREE分馏较为明显((La/Yb)N=2.35~3.97),Th、Hf、Ce、Nb富集和Ba、Sr、K、Zr亏损,Zr/Nb=10.04~17.12。角闪辉长岩高Ti(Ti O2=1.30%~5.04%)、高Na(Na2O=2.92%~3.14%)、相对高K(K2O=0.31%~0.45%),Mg相对偏低(Mg O=5.94%~8.25%),LREE和HREE分馏也较为明显((La/Yb)N=1.90~3.23),Zr、Nb亏损,明显富集Th、Sr。分析认为,哈达阳镁铁-超镁铁质岩具有火山弧型玄武岩特征,形成于板块消减带之上的岛弧及前弧盆地,大约363 Ma时嫩江—黑河构造带已经进入了板块俯冲阶段,这为贺根山—扎兰屯构造带东延及大兴安岭北段晚古生代的古亚洲洋构造域演化提供了新的年代学证据。     

鄂西黄陵背斜南部元古宙庙湾蛇绿岩的发现及其构造意义

对鄂西黄陵背斜南部宜昌太平溪、邓村一带崆岭岩群中的元古宙庙湾岩组强烈变形变质超镁铁—镁铁质岩的研究表明,镁铁质岩主要为似层状细粒斜长角闪岩,变辉长岩岩体、岩脉及辉绿岩岩脉,超镁铁质岩则主要为蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩,呈构造岩片、岩块分布于斜长角闪岩之中。细粒斜长角闪岩TiO2=1.14%～1.48%,稀土元素配分型式为略亏损—平坦型,无明显的Eu异常,(La/Yb)N=0.87～1.12,La/Nb、Ce/Zr、Zr/Nb、Zr/Y、Ti/Y平均值分别为1.04、0.15、18.78、2.53、290.51,Nb/Th平均为9.88,显示为大洋中脊构造环境形成的N-MORB型拉斑玄武岩;变辉长岩具典型的堆晶结构特征,稀土元素配分型式为平坦型,具明显的Eu正异常;蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩的稀土元素配分型式具中稀土元素略亏损的U形特征,显示为LREE略富集的地幔岩。上述特征表明,黄陵背斜南部崆岭岩群中的元古宙庙湾岩组实际上是一套混杂堆积的古大洋蛇绿岩残片。元古宙庙湾蛇绿岩的发现为华南扬子克拉通存在中元古代洋盆和哥伦比亚超大陆聚合、裂解构造事件提供了重要的证据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861