1997年福建及台湾地区地震活动综述

一、地震活动概况 1997年闽台地区及其邻近海域地震活动实况表明,福建及其沿海地区地震活动水平经短暂的平静又有显著提高,特别是发生了永安5月31日Ms5.2级地震。这次地震是1968年华安5.2级地震以来我省内陆地区最强的一次有感地震,也是华南地区今年最突出的地震事件。     

《福建地震》第18卷(2002)总目录

第 1期福建省地震重点监视降御区城市防震减灾体系工程简介福建省地震局重点项目办公室 ( 1)………………数据和曲线并存的台站日常数据处理软件　吴劲柏　唐世荣　黄跃进 ( 10 )………………………福建省及其沿海和台湾海峡频度统计与分析　黄松风 ( 13)……………………………………………数字化形变仪器环境改造方案实施张远城萧福山林立峰熊先保徐智明黄晓华( 16 )…龙岩地震台地磁核旋观测与环境调查、分析报告　张年明　郑健志　王绍然　刘其寿 ( 2 2 )……………永安地磁台地磁总强映霞效果初探　黄跃进　许书元　周福昌 ( 2 6 )………     

福建数字地下流体网对远处大震映震能力分析

本文收集、整理了2004年12月26日印尼苏门答腊西北近海8.7级地震和2005年印尼的8.5级和巴基斯坦的7.8级地震,我省地下流体数字化监测台网观测到的震时和震后效应。测点以永安-晋江断裂为界线,北边多数表现为水位上升,南边多数为下降。初步分析认为,这种现象可能与现代构造应力场有关。     

新一轮地震活跃期及防震减灾的主要对策

江苏省一个中强地震活动地区。省城面积的２／３位于地震重点监视防御区内,近年来中强地震频繁发生,我国,我省的地震灾害情况,当前的地震形势以及减轻地震灾害的对策措施等都是社会和公众十分关心的问题,扼要介绍了这些方面的有关情况及一一些见解。     

福建十年地震灾害与减灾

福建减灾十年(1989-1999)正处在我省地震活动十分活跃的时期,共发生4.0级以上地震16次,其中有6次地震造成了地震灾害,使我省经济损失达2.6亿元,人员伤亡412人,并对当地的社会生活和经济建设产生了消极影响。文章分析了本省地震活动特点与灾害特征,分析了造成本省地震灾害的主要因素和地震灾害不十分严重的原因。 在福建减灾十年中,省地震部门坚持以预防为主,依靠科技进步,发挥政府减灾职能,走综合防震减灾道路;认真抓好观测数据高质量产出,各类信息处理与综合分析,震后快速应急三个环节;积极实施全省综合防御地震灾害体系建设,闽南地区综合防震减灾示范工程已经在全国综合防震减灾工作中起到示范作用,福建数字遥测地震台网工程成为中国大陆第一个正式投入观测的全省数字化地震台网;同时加快了法制建设步伐,坚持不懈地进行地震知识的科普宣传教育,努力提高全民防震减灾意识。这些措施对减轻福建十年地震灾害取得显著收益。 为了减轻我省下世纪地震灾害,提出几个值得重视的向题,防患于未然。全省地震前兆台网必须彻底改造,建设高灵敏度、高精度的数字化前兆台网,引入新的观测系统,以期捕捉未来中强以上地震的前兆信息;关注未来城市地震灾害向题,应该开展城市地震灾害环境调查与研究;加强管理,对地震烈度     

台湾地区近期7级以上大地震前的中强地震条带现象

本文分析了台湾地区近期 5 5级以上地震的时空图象 ,发现台湾地区从 93年开始5 5级以上地震逐渐形成一条中强地震共轭条带 ,其中主条带长仅 30 0公里左右。强震条带形成后 ,1 999年 9月 2 1日在主条带的西南段 1 /3处条带的西侧边缘南投发生了7 6级地震。南投地震后 ,5 5级以上地震条带仍然存在 ,2 0 0 2年 3月 31日在共轭条带交汇处附近苏沃海外发生了 7 5级地震。在共轭条带内相隔两年半时间里发生两次 7级以上地震实属罕见     

粤西地区地震活动性与地震分布特点分析

根据广东省地震目录,选用6种对粤西地区有较好预报能力的测震学指标进行时间扫描分析和空间扫描分析,并对该区域地震分布与断裂位置、磁异常分布进行对比分析。结果显示:算法复杂性AC值、地震调制比Rm值存在异常,空间扫描结果显示异常多数集中在阳江和北部湾地区,并根据ML≥5.0地震M-T关系和能量蠕变曲线,推测粤西地区2015年有发生ML5.0级地震的可能;地壳磁异常的展布方向与断裂方向一致,ML2.0级以上的地震多集中在弱磁及正负磁异常分界的区域。     

佳木斯地体深部构造特征

本文通过重磁资料的数据处理和反演、天然地震震源的统计以及深断裂与火山活动关系的研究提出:佳木斯地体与两侧的造山带有着截然不同的地壳物质组成和构造类型,晚白垩世以来,其深部构造活动性较两侧更强。     

福建永安黄年山铁矿区高精度磁测异常特征

永安黄年山铁矿区是在煤矿预查时发现深部存在有磁性体,遂开展了高精度磁测,发现低缓磁异常,推断其由隐伏磁铁矿(化)体引起,后经钻探得以证实。结合矿区成矿地质条件,认为该区磁异常是深部找矿的有效标志。     

重磁资料在北黄海盆地综合地球物理解释中的应用

由于受多种因素的影响,北黄海盆地地震反射资料品质较差,信噪比较低,浅层多次波尤其是短周期多次波极为发育,中深层反射波组特征不明显,浅层出现强反射屏蔽现象,为此,采取重、磁、震三方面资料相结合的地球物理综合解释方法尤其必要.通过分析地球物理场特征,在对照分析重、磁、震平面和剖面资料的基础上,选取重点剖面线进行重、震联合反演并进行综合解释,提出了重磁解释结果与地震解释结果不吻合之处,为进一步研究北黄海盆地打下基础.     

灾害频发和地磁减弱的关系

近年来全球强震频发,其灾难发生的原因可能是由地磁减弱引起的。研究表明,地磁减弱的原因在于两极冰盖融化导致地壳和地幔转动惯量增大及自转减慢,由此引发核幔差异旋转在数值和方向上的改变。在磁场减弱和磁极反向过程中,太阳辐射的增强和核幔热能的释放与灾害有一一对应关系。这一研究结论与美国学者最近发现的“浅核磁场”相一致。全球变暖与地磁减弱的相关性表明,气候变暖不仅会导致海平面上升,而且会导致频繁的地震、火山活动。     

Fractal dynamics of geomagnetic storms

We explore fluctuations of the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field to identify scaling behaviour of the temporal variability in geomagnetic data recorded by the Intermagnet observatories during the solar cycle 23 (years 1996 to 2005). In this work, we use the remarkable ability of scaling wavelet exponents to highlight the singularities associated with discontinuities present in the magnetograms obtained at two magnetic observatories for six intense magnetic storms, including the sudden storm commencements of 14 July 2000, 29–31 October and 20–21 November 2003. In the active intervals that occurred during geomagnetic storms, we observe a rapid and unidirectional change in the spectral scaling exponent at the time of storm onset. The corresponding fractal features suggest that the dynamics of the whole time series is similar to that of a fractional Brownian motion. Our findings point to an evident relatively sudden change related to the emergence of persistency of the fractal power exponent fluctuations precedes an intense magnetic storm. These first results could be useful in the framework of extreme events prediction studies.     

Effects of solar activity on myocardial infarction deaths in low geomagnetic latitude regions

We study the effect of solar activity on the incidence of myocardial infarction deaths (MID) in Mexico. We work with 129,917 cases along 1996–1999, grouping the data by sex and age, and considering the solar cycle phases. At higher frequencies the circaseptan is the most persistent periodicity in MID occurrence. During solar minimum the circaseptan period is not detectable compared with solar maximum. During Forbush decreases and geomagnetic activity, most cases present a higher average MID occurrence. Furthermore the MID rate is higher as the level of the geomagnetic perturbation increases. Male MID rates are in general higher than female rates and the difference increases as the geomagnetic perturbation increases. The age group with the lowest MID incidence is 25 to 44 years, the age group of 65 years is the most vulnerable. We conclude that solar activity does affect MID at low geomagnetic latitudes and that the solar maximum is the most hazardous time for MID incidence.     

地球磁极倒转的分形混沌研究

地球磁场多次发生南北(正负)磁极位置的变换,这已为大家所公认。但造成这种异常现象的原因,则是迄今未能很好解答的一个难题。应用分形混沌理论对地球磁极倒转进行了分析,认为发生地球磁极倒转时间段在时间轴上具有分形分布的性质;地球磁场系统通过不断与外界交换物质和能量,维持一种空间或时间的有序结构。地球磁场极性的随机倒转具有混沌运动的自逆转特性,混沌理论给地磁极性倒转提出了一个简明的动力机制解释。     

地球磁场的特性与分类研究

针对地球磁场起源研究中存在的有关地球磁极问题,在分析地球磁场特征的基础上,从地球磁场的成因和形成磁场的组合形式两方面,对地球磁场进行了分类。研究认为：地球磁场不仅具有突变性和偶极性,而且具有瞬时性、不变性等特征,初步分析了各种特性的影响原因。指出地球磁场具有二分结构,不同的分类方案可得到不同的分类结果,地球磁场可以分为...     

强震前地磁秒数据异常及其短临预测意义

通过分析6个强震震中附近地磁Z分量秒数据的处理结果显示: 一些强震在震前反复出现较强的地磁异常现象.此现象在震前百余天至四十余天和临震前出现; 地磁场的特大异常持续天数随震级的增大而增大, 其异常天数与总体天数的比值随着震级的增大而增大.该特性对于短临地震预报预警及防震减灾具有一定意义.      

Quasi-biennial oscillation in geomagnetic disturbance field

Using the techniques of second derivatives, digital filtering and power spectral analysis, the fine structure of the quasi-biennial oscillation (qbo) in the equatorial geomagnetic field in the Indian zone is studied. The salient results are: (i) in the quiet day field,qbo is weak and the signal strength has no local time dependence; (ii) in the disturbance field the signal is strongest in the afternoon and evening hours and (iii) larger magnitudes are manifested closer to the dip equator. The difference in dawn and dusk amplitudes of the signal and the absence of significant strength close to noon in the electrojet region rules outeuv flux as the responsible agent.     

Power spectrum analysis of geomagnetic indices

Using the method of maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) by Burg and the least-squares linear prediction (lslp) (also calledFABNE) by Barrodale and Erickson, the spectra of geomagnetic indices Ap, AN, AS, AE, AU, AL, Dst and cosmic ray neutron intensity at Deep River are obtained for 1965 and 1969 from daily means and for longer periods from monthly means. A large number of peaks of periodicities from 2 days to several years is obtained, many of which are shown by all the indices. Some of these are probably harmonics of the 27 days solar rotation period and the 20–22 years double sunspot cycle period. Comparison is made with results of earlier workers who reported fewer peaks.     

Estimating conductivity anisotropy of lower mantle from geomagnetic observatory data

Anisotropy of electrical conductivity in the lower mantle, presumably caused by phase change of dielectric magnesiowustite, can be estimated from geomagnetic records of the globally distributed geomagnetic array. The components of the conductivity tensor corresponding to the tangential components of the geomagnetic field are obtained from the magnetic mode alone recorded on the surface. Inversion by the perturbation method is applied to monthly means of geomagnetic variations along the X, Y, and Z components for the period from 1920 to 2009, borrowed from the World Monthly Means Database. The anisotropy contribution is expressed as corrections to the conductivity tensor components. The contribution of anisotropy to induction responses becomes notable for geomagnetic variations with at least decadal periods and increases with the period length.     

North-south asymmetry in response of geomagnetic activity to different solar events

Study of the response of geomagnetic activity to five different kinds of solar events reveals that an average north-south asymmetry of about 15% exists which diminishes with enhanced geomagnetic activity. The response of the geomagnetic field is quite significant only when high speed solar wind stream in association with sector boundary of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) or solar proton streams near sector boundary sweeps past the earth. When the frequency of occurrence of indices of geomagnetic activity is considered, the index zero shows a marked difference in its response characteristics for the southern hemisphere. This appears to be a real feature and not attributable to any artefact of the index or its derivation.