基于光谱夹角的水体信息提取方法研究

以南京幅Landsat ETM+数据(波段1～5、7)为信息源,通过分析不同地物的光谱特征,利用地物光谱夹角及反射率差异对水体信息进行提取.首先,求出ETM+6个波段形成的4个光谱夹角(波段2～5); 然后,利用各地物在波段4的光谱夹角值差异,区分水体、植被及阴影信息; 最后,利用波段4和波段5的反射率差异提取居民区信息 .     

NOAA气象卫星AVHRR数据在江汉油气勘查中的应用

本文介绍了将NOAA/AVHRR图像数据扩展用于江汉盆地油气资源遥感勘查。将AVHRR的波段5(红)、波段2(绿)、波段1(蓝)假彩色合成的图像能清楚地了解江汉盆地周缘的宏观构造轮廓;取AVHRR的波段1,波段2,波段4作非监督处理分32类,得到该盆地较稳定的湖相沉积范围(即主要的生油岩区);取AVHRR的波段1,波段2和波段5作非监督处理分出了32类,并结合TM资料发现了该盆地3条基底断裂线性构造;用视热惯量制图,了解到该盆地主要的油气区段的视热惯量介于该盆地视热惯量分布的最高与最低之间。     

渤海湾近岸海域水深遥感反演研究

针对多光谱遥感技术进行浅海水深信息提取具有覆盖地域大、动态连续监测等特点,该文利用环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座A星(HJ-1A)影像数据,对渤海湾20m以内近岸水域的水深进行实验研究。通过对HJ-1A遥感图像不同波段及波段组合的反射率与实测水深值的相关关系分析,选取敏感波段,建立最佳回归模型,定量计算研究区水深值。研究发现:5~10m水深区域内遥感反演效果最好;10~20m次之;0~5m受沿岸构筑物、泥沙等影响严重,反演效果较差。     

NOAA/AVHRR影像中红外波段信息提取研究

对多景NOAA/AVHRR影像的研究发现:CH3波段不仅可以提取高温信息,而且还可以提取常温状态下的物类信息,并且在很多情况下优于CH4波段。文章给出了具体分析,并进行了原因探讨。     

松辽盆地西部斜坡区烃渗漏蚀变信息遥感探测

使用陆地卫星ETM+7图像对松辽盆地西部斜坡区进行稠油探测,图像增强方法有主成分分析、波段比值和假彩色合成等.主成分因子1,3,4,5-PC3(1,3,4,5主成分分析的第3主成分),1,3,5,7-PC3,2,3,5,7-PC3和3,4,5,7-PC4与波段比值3/1,4/3,7/5和(4/3)-(2/3)等用丁假彩色合成,在合成影像上圈定烃渗漏蚀变区域.结果表明烃渗漏蚀变区域与地质背景密切相关,与下伏油藏的分布大致相符.     

峰丛洼地遥感图像山体阴影缺失的克里格修复

为了解决岩溶区峰丛洼地遥感图像山体阴影区域信息“缺失”的问题,以广西壮族自治区平果县果化镇生态重建示范区典型峰丛洼地的遥感图像为例,利用地统计学的方法分析了ETM图像B3,B4,B5波段的灰度值(digital number,DN)结构特征,对3个波段阴影区域的DN值进行了修复与验证.结果表明:研究区峰丛洼地3个波段的DN值主要受内在因子的作用,有显著的空间自相关性,自相关距离都在360 m以上;各波段验证值与修复值之间都具有极其显著的相关性,平均相对误差均在0.2％以下,具有较高的修复精度;峰丛洼地山体阴影缺失信息的修复可为岩溶区生态环境监控、石漠化评估等遥感解译精度的提高提供参考.     

海洋测量学

CH970192 差分GPS自动化系统在海洋测绘中的几个问题/林友财(37704部队测绘处)∥浙江测绘.—1996,(1).—6～11 CH970193 海洋测量水位观测方法的滤波性能分析/肖付民(海军大连舰艇学院海洋测绘系)…∥辽宁测绘,—1996,(1).—2～5 过去,由于测深仪的测深精度较低,对水位观测的滤波(主要对波浪的滤波)要求不高。随着精     

SAR影像与TM影像的几种融合处理方法

利用彩色空间变换、比值变换及相关系数法分别对SAR影像与TM3 、TM4 、TM5 三波段影像进行融合处理。文章介绍了影像融合中的具体技术问题及其处理方法。因侧视雷达图像一般有明显的孤立噪声,所以,在进行影像融合处理之前,先对SAR影像进行预处理,文中用δ滤波法抑制孤立噪声(光斑) .最后,从视觉效果、熵、平均梯度值以及标准差等4 方面评价了影像融合的质量。     

基于RadarSAT-2同步观测试验的海面油膜雷达信号特征研究

海底自然烃渗漏在海洋表面形成的油膜分布对海上油气勘探具有重要指示意义。本文利用3 m分辨率的RadarSAT-2数据在渤海海域开展海洋表面油膜检测同步现场试验,利用机油在海面生成表面油膜,14 min后接收SAR数据,测量并分析海洋表面油膜雷达响应特征。试验结果表明,在适合海况条件下,3 m分辨率SAR数据可以检测到几个微米厚度的表面油膜,此时C波段对海洋表面波有5 dB的阻尼作用。油膜漂移的SAR测量结果进一步证实表面油膜的扩散与漂移受风场、流场影响。     

基于水质类型的TM图像水体信息提取

通过对一般水体、富营养化水体和严重污染水体与山体阴影在TM各波段图像上的亮度值进行分析比较可知:一般水体在TM4图像上的亮度值小于TM3波段的,而山体阴影则相反;由于富营养化水体中的浮游植物在TM4波段具有强反射特征,严重污染水体对可见光具有强吸收作用,造成了这两类水体在TM4图像上的亮度值大于TM3波段的,因而无法通...     

基于Terra/MODIS的沙尘暴业务化遥感监测研究

探讨了以MODIS为数据源进行沙尘暴监测的业务化技术流程及方法。以2003年4月9~11日连续发生在我国西北部特大沙尘暴为例，进行了沙尘信息提取及等级划分的示例研究，并与已经业务化运行的气象卫星（NOAA-16、风云1C气象卫星）的结果进行了相关比较。结果表明，该研究为卫星遥感监测沙尘提供了新的数据源和监测途径。     

Trend analysis of the Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) NDVI data for the deserts of central Asia

We analyzed spatially averaged normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series from the Pathfinder Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Land (PAL) dataset of 11 desert and semidesert ecoregions in central Asia using standard statistical tests for discontinuities and trends. Results from the test for discontinuities reveal that seven ecoregions display significant differences in the data acquired by the AVHRRs on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite 11 (NOAA-11) versus the data acquired by AVHRR on other NOAA satellites (NOAA-7, NOAA-9, and NOAA-14). Across the more than 2/spl times/10/sup 6/ km/sup 2/ of deserts and semideserts in the selected central Asian ecoregions, a significant upward trend in NDVI is evident during the tenure of NOAA-11 (1989-1994). This trend is not found during any other period. We argue that the data from the PAL NDVI dataset for NOAA-11 will pose problems for land surface change analyses, if these significant sensor-related artifacts are ignored. We do not find these artifacts in data from the other three satellites (NOAA-7, NOAA-9, and NOAA-14). We suggest that the comparison of data from any combination of these three AVHRRs can be used for land surface change analyses, but that the inclusion of NOAA-11 AVHRR NDVI data in trend analyses may result in the detection of spurious trends.     

武汉市城区热场变化的遥感检测与影响因素分析

以TM/ETM 热红外波段为基本分析数据,通过数据处理得到武汉市城区及其近郊可对比的热红外像对辐射值,提取了研究区建筑物、绿地及水体等下垫面信息。在此基础上,对研究区1988年和2002年的热场时空分布和变化特征进行了分析,指出研究区热场影响因素按作用大小依次为建筑物、绿地和水体。同时表明,采用热辐射较为稳定的水体DN值对热红外波段数据做规范化处理,所得热辐射相对值具有很好的时空可对比性。     

Visualizing uncertainty — How fuzzy logic approach can help to explore iron ore deposits?

Uncertainties in Geovisualaization / GIScience spatial data can minimize but not completely provided by the different image processing classification methods. The methods of image processing techniques are purely dependent on spectral signature values. In the present study, we collected end member spectral values from both satellite data and field signatures and applied in supervised and fuzzy classification of image processing techniques to discriminate the iron ore formations and associated land cover features of part of Godumalai hill region of Salem District, Tamil Nadu State, India. The result of analysis shows that the fuzzy classified image discriminated the iron formation with better appearance and distinct boundary between the associated features than the analyses results obtained by supervised methods.     

中国陆地1km AVHRR数据集

介绍了中国陆地范围的长序列AVHRR数据集及处理方法。数据处理链包括辐射标定、导航定位、几何精纠正、云检测、大气纠正、双向反射纠正以及多时相数据合成等一系列过程。大气校正采用SMAC方法．利用每日的大气参数对臭氧、瑞利散射、气溶胶和水汽柱等4个主要大气因子的影响进行了纠正。利用地面能见度和水汽压信息反演气溶胶光学厚度，利用最大植被指数法合成旬数据集。完成了1991-2003年的AVHRR数据集处理，形成了标准的数据集。     

“资源一号”02C卫星影像特征

结合有关项目数据处理的需要,对02C卫星影像特征进行科学分析与应用研究。通过对影像信息量特征、配准特征及融合特征分析,发现岩石裸露区影像各波段信息量大,但是波段间相关性强,地类边界模糊,而植被覆盖区影像各波段信息量相对较小,波段间相关性较小,地类可分性较好;MUS影像与PAN影像配准精度一般能达到1个像元,而MUS影像与HRC影像配准比较困难,HRC影像需要正射校正或者强制拉伸,才能满足精度要求;主成分分析方法融合效果比较好,MUS影像与HRC影像融合效果优于MUS影像与PAN影像融合。分析结果表明:02C数据适用于土地覆被调查,若用于地质信息解译,需要进一步技术处理;HRC影像分辨率高,但数据处理方法有待于进一步探讨。     

油气圈闭遥感影像模式在××地区油气勘查中的应用

按照油气微渗漏理论, 利用TM数据同已知油气田进行相关分析, 优选波段变量组合, 进行图像处理, 可以获得和建立反映油气水分布主趋势的色调异常影像模式。这些色调异常的形成, 除了与油气圈闭相伴的油田水类型及总矿化度有关外, 同时还受地貌和地表、地下水排泄条件、第四条沉积、植被等因素影响和干扰。在相同含油气条件下的不同地物具有相同的色调显示, 在不同含油气条件下的相同地物却具有不同色调特征, 因此, 遥感图像上的色调异常必然具有一定的多解性。为了减少单一色调异常的多解性, 必须同时利用遥感图像中的线性体和环形构造信息, 建立油气圈闭的线性体-环形构造-色调异常影像模式进行油气预测。     

RESULTS OF COMBINED ANALYSIS OF GROUND AND REMOTE SENSING INFORMATION IN THE STUDY OF MAJOR EARTHQUAKE CENTERS

Soil salinity is one of the most important problems affecting Egyptian soils. It is caused by: (1) a rising water table, or (2) the misuse of the irrigation water. Two Landsat images acquired in 1987 and 1999 were used to detect and monitor soil salinity over the Siwa Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. DN values of these images were converted to percent reflectance. Inspection of Landsat images revealed that saline soils had an overall higher spectral reflectance in all spectral bands except the two MIR bands. The reflectance curves of saline soils show a strong relationship between the existence of salts in the soil and the difference between bands 4 and 5. A salinity index (SI) was calculated for both images. The majority of pixels in the 1987 image have salinity index values ranging between 0 and 0.2, whereas the values in the 1999 image histogram ranged between 0 and 0.4. These values indicate that soil salinity has increased twofold during the 12 years spanning the imagery. These values show a strong correlation with vegetation index images, in which the 1999 vegetation index image reveals the appearance of surface water lakes formed due to a rising water table. This study presents a model for the identification of soil salinity using remote sensing measurements in conjunction with piezometer readings taken during the time of image acquisition.     

基于PCA的高光谱遥感图像分类

高光谱遥感图像的出现进一步提升遥感图像分类的准确性,但高光谱遥感图像的数据量大,处理高光谱遥感图像复杂度高、效率低。为解决这一问题,将主成分分析算法作为遥感图像分类的预处理技术。分析主成分分析算法的原理,利用主成分分析算法提取高光谱图像的主要波段图像。通过实验验证得出结论:高光谱遥感图像的主波段图像包含分类所需的大部分信息,利用少数的主波段图像即可达到70%以上的分类正确率。实验结果表明,在保证分类正确率的前提下,PCA算法可有效地减少图像分类处理的数据量,提高图像的处理效率。     

Effect of NOAA satellite orbital drift on AVHRR-derived phenological metrics

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center routinely produces and distributes a remote sensing phenology (RSP) dataset derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 1-km data compiled from a series of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites (NOAA-11, −14, −16, −17, −18, and −19). Each NOAA satellite experienced orbital drift during its duty period, which influenced the AVHRR reflectance measurements. To understand the effect of the orbital drift on the AVHRR-derived RSP dataset, we analyzed the impact of solar zenith angle (SZA) on the RSP metrics in the conterminous United States (CONUS). The AVHRR weekly composites were used to calculate the growing-season median SZA at the pixel level for each year from 1989 to 2014. The results showed that the SZA increased towards the end of each NOAA satellite mission with the highest increasing rate occurring during NOAA-11 (1989–1994) and NOAA-14 (1995–2000) missions. The growing-season median SZA values (44°–60°) in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1999, and 2000 were substantially higher than those in other years (28°–40°). The high SZA in those years caused negative trends in the SZA time series, that were statistically significant (at α = 0.05 level) in 76.9% of the CONUS area. A pixel-based temporal correlation analysis showed that the phenological metrics and SZA were significantly correlated (at α = 0.05 level) in 4.1–20.4% of the CONUS area. After excluding the 5 years with high SZA (>40°) from the analysis, the temporal SZA trend was largely reduced, significantly affecting less than 2% of the study area. Additionally, significant correlation between the phenological metrics and SZA was observed in less than 7% of the study area. Our study concluded that the NOAA satellite orbital drift increased SZA, and in turn, influenced the phenological metrics. Elimination of the years with high median SZA reduced the influence of orbital drift on the RSP time series.