自重铰链式扩底钻头及扩孔工艺

１基本情况广西钻孔扩底桩始于１９９１年９月施工的南宁市邮政局综合楼。当时我队自行设计制造的自重铰链式扩底钻头已施工了两个１０００ｍｍ、扩２０００ｍｍ的试验孔。１号试验孔孔深１３ｍ,进入圆砾层３ｍ扩底。２号试验孔孔深５ｍ,在硬塑黄土层扩底。扩底完毕...     

铁路大桥基础加固嵌岩钻孔灌注桩的施工

在丰沙铁路线35号桥桥墩基础加固工程中，根据行车铁路大桥对钻孔灌注桩施工的机械震动和裸孔量的技术要求，确定了采用回转式钻孔工法和施工顺序。根据工程地质条件确定采用双液压浆造壁及锥底滚刀钻头钻进成孔的关键工艺，解决了老桥基钻遇各种障碍物的判断和顺利钻透的难题，采用优质高粘度泥浆护壁除渣，取得了良好的工程效果。     

大口径钻头焊缝断裂的原因及改进

本文就桩基工程大口径钻孔所用硬质合金钻头常见的焊缝断裂现象,分析了产生问题的原因并提出了改进措施,以延长钻头的使用寿命,提高施工的经济效益。     

大口径防斜钻头

在进行大口径钻孔灌注桩施工时,如果地层软硬程度相差较大,便会出现“顶层进”或“顺层溜”,使钻孔产生倾斜,严重影响成孔质量,甚至使钻孔报废。我公司在湖南省冶金厅综合服务大楼的施工过程中便遇到了此类问题。工程勘察资料查明,地下有发育的裂隙和溶洞。采用高压注浆法...     

香港五号干线前期工程钻孔灌注桩桩墙施工实践

介绍了香港五号干线前期工程石围角至柴湾角段的钻孔灌注桩桩墙施工中的设计及施工工艺；论述了鼓式自配重球齿滚刀钻头及配套的相关机具的结构特点及应用效果。     

旋挖钻头设计制造数据库系统设计

旋挖钻进施工目前是我国常用的桩工施工工法。旋挖钻机施工由于效率高、噪声低、环保、成孔质量高等特点,施工范围极广。但由于施工地层各不相同,需要选择不同形式的钻头来满足不同的施工要求。合理地选择和使用旋挖钻头,能够丰富旋挖钻机的施工工艺,拓宽旋挖钻机的施工领域。建立旋挖钻头数据库系统,为旋挖钻头的设计、制造、选型提供数据支撑,满足日益复杂的施工要求。本文介绍了旋挖钻头设计制造数据库系统的设计及应用情况。     

混镶金刚石钻头在松辽盆地油页岩地质调查中的应用

研制了一种适用于松辽盆地油页岩地质调查井工程的混镶金刚石钻头。唇面天然金刚石克取岩石,而胎体中的人造金刚石保护天然金刚石,在野外生产试验中效果良好,可加快勘查施工速度,保证工程优质高效完成。     

水平定向钻在岩石层中穿越施工浅析

本文介绍了燃气管道平顶山沙河定向钻穿越工程的施工情况,结合工程实例分析复杂地层情况的钻具选配、泥浆配比方案设计,以及地磁场对有线控向的干扰作用。     

迁安市长城金矿Ⅰ号矿体帷幕注浆工程超硬地层的钻探施工方法

迁安市长城金矿Ⅰ号矿体帷幕注浆工程是一大型的帷幕注浆项目,该矿区地质结构复杂,施工中帷幕钻孔钻遇白云岩超硬“打滑”地层,该地层钻进进尺缓慢,对项目工期影响很大,故在施工过程中针对该地层采用各种施工工艺进行试验,并以实际钻进过程中采集的钻头类型、钻进工艺及钻进参数等数据,分析得出一套最有效的钻探方法,为该地区日后矿区勘查、二期帷幕钻探施工提供参照依据。     

青藏铁路基础桩孔施工用旋挖钻具的研究

根据青藏铁路采用旋挖钻进施工的特点，研制出适应青藏铁路各种地层条件的旋挖钻具，并制定出一套科学的旋挖钻进工艺，从而解决了青藏铁路桥桩基础施工这一世界难题，也为实现旋挖设备和钻具国产化打下良好基础。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.