东昆仑那更康切尔银多金属矿床流纹斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

那更康切尔银多金属矿床是青海省目前发现的首个大型银矿床,通过对赋矿流纹斑岩进行岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素研究,结果表明:流纹斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为217.4±3.1 Ma,形成于晚三叠世;流纹斑岩SiO₂的含量在73.08%~75.78%,Al₂O₃含量介于14.05%~16.04%,Na₂O+K₂O含量为4.31%~4.77%,K₂O含量为4.20%~4.61%,K₂O/Na₂O比值远大于1,属于钙碱性强过铝钾质火山岩.岩石具有高硅、富铝、富钾的特征,Mg#值介于45~54,具有明显的轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损的特征;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K,亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素;ε_Hf（t）介于－4.4~－9.7,二阶段Hf模式年龄T_DM2为1 533~1 864 Ma.综上表明流纹斑岩主要源于中元古代－古元古代下地壳重熔,同时混入幔源物质;赋矿流纹斑岩形成于东昆仑晚三叠世造山后伸展环境.那更康切尔大型银矿床的发现,是东昆仑晚三叠世成矿作用的表现,为区域上寻找同期侵入岩或陆相火山岩有关的多金属矿床奠定基础.      

伊通新生代玄武岩地球化学成分差异性研究

伊通火山群中的西尖山((21.0±0.65) Ma)和东小山玄武岩((5.46±0.32) Ma)的岩石学和地球化学研究表明,两处玄武岩均为OIB型,岩浆来源于软流圈地幔,地壳混染与结晶分异的程度微弱。西尖山火山岩为碱性橄榄玄武岩,不含地幔岩捕虏体,岩浆起源深度为70~100 km,SiO2、Al₂O₃、Na₂O含量较高,属钠质碱性岩;东小山火山岩为碧玄岩,含较多的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体,岩浆来源深度大于100 km,MgO、TiO₂、CaO、K2O含量较高,属钾质过碱性岩。岩浆来源深度的不同是造成两处玄武岩化学成分差异的主要原因。     

Geochemistry of intrusive rocks associated with the Latir volcanic field,New Mexico,and contrasts between evolution of plutonic and volcanic rocks

Plutonic rocks associated with the Latir volcanic field comprise three groups: 1) 25 Ma high-level resurgent plutons composed of monzogranite and silicic metaluminous and peralkaline granite, 2) 23–25 Ma syenogranite, and alkali-feldspar granite intrusions emplaced along the southern caldera margin, and 3) 19–23 Ma granodiorite and granite plutons emplaced south of the caldera. Major-element compositions of both extrusive and intrusive suites in the Latir field are broadly similar; both suites include high-SiO₂ rocks with low Ba and Sr, and high Rb, Nb, Th, and U contents. Moreover, both intermediateto siliciccomposition volcanic and plutonic rocks contain abundant accessory sphene and apatite, rich in rare-earth elements (REE), as well as phases in which REE's are essential components. Strong depletion in Y and REE contents, with increasing SiO₂ content, in the plutonic rocks indicate a major role for accessory mineral fractionation that is not observed in volcanic rocks of equivalent composition. Considerations of the rheology of granitic magma suggest that accessory-mineral fractionation may occur primarily by filter-pressing evolved magmas from crystal-rich melts. More limited accessory-mineral crystallization and fractionation during evolution of the volcanic magmas may have resulted from markedly lower diffusivities of essential trace elements than major elements. Accessory-mineral fractionation probably becomes most significant at high crystallinities. The contrast in crystallization environments postulated for the extrusive and intrusive rocks may be common to other magmatic systems; the effects are particularly pronounced in highly evolved rocks of the Latir field. High-SiO₂ peralkaline porphyry emplaced during resurgence of the Questa caldera represents non-erupted portions of the magma that produced the Amalia Tuff during caldera-forming eruption. The peralkaline porphyry continues compositional and mineralogical trends found in the tuff. Amphibole, mica, and sphene compositions suggest that the peralkaline magma evolved from metaluminous magma. Extensive feldspar fractionation occurred during evolution of the peralkaline magmas, but additional alkali and iron enrichment was likely a result of high halogen fluxes from crystallizing plutons and basaltic magmas at depth.     

西藏边坝地区早白垩世火山岩年代学、地球化学及其大地构造意义

白垩纪是班公湖-怒江洋演化的重要构造转折期,该时期火山岩对于研究古大洋的构造演化具有重要意义。本文对西藏边坝地区早白垩世火山岩进行了岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究,结果表明,该套火山岩由底到顶,主要为玄武安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为116~120 Ma。中基性火山岩SiO₂为54.07%~62.63%,Mg^#为48~67,SiO₂-Mg^#显示良好线性关系;酸性火山岩SiO₂为72.64%~75.41%,Mg^#为40~50。火山岩样品相对富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,富集K、Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,CaO-δEu和SiO₂-Na₂O没有明显线性关系。因此,西藏边坝地区火山岩应形成于班公湖-怒江洋盆南向俯冲活动大陆边缘环境,中基性火山岩与酸性火山岩岩浆源区不同。在班公湖-怒江洋萎缩关闭早期,板块俯冲流体交代古老岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,镁铁质矿物分离结晶而产生中基性火山岩;晚期则发生地壳部分熔融形成酸性火山岩。     

长江源区新生代火山岩的系列及成因

长江源区的新生代火山岩系包括高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列.高钾钙碱性火山岩形成于始新世, 钾玄岩系列火山岩形成于中、上新世.总体而言, 该区火山岩富碱高钾, 富集大离子亲石元素, 稀土元素含量高且轻稀土相对富集.相对而言, 高钾钙碱性火山岩富集SiO₂、Al₂O₃, 无负Eu异常, 属于壳源岩浆系列, 其原始岩浆由加厚陆壳的榴辉岩质下地壳经部分熔融产生.钾玄岩系列火山岩富集K₂ O、TiO₂、P₂ O₅、MgO、FeO, ∑REE、HFSE、I_Sr值均较高, 弱负Eu异常, 属于幔源岩浆系列, 其原始岩浆由EMⅡ型富集地幔的部分熔融生成.2个系列的火山岩均是大陆碰撞造山后期岩浆作用的产物.始新世以来, 随着该区由碰撞、挤压作用发展到出现走滑, 应力环境由挤压转变为张性, 导致依次喷发高钾钙碱性火山岩和钾玄岩系列火山岩.      

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of acid volcano-plutonic rocks of the Siner area, Siwana Ring Complex, Northwestern Peninsular India

Petrochemical studies on acid plutonic (granite, microgranite) and volcanic (rhyolite, trachyte) rocks occurring in the Siner area of the Siwana Ring Complex, Malani Igneous Suite have been carried out. These rocks are characterized by high concentrations of SiO₂, Na₂O, K₂O, Zr, Nb, Y and REE (except Eu) but low in MgO, Fe₂O₃(t), CaO, Cr, Ni, Sr; indicating their A-type affinity. Field studies in conjunction with the geochemical characteristic indicate that the magmatism in the Siner area is generally represented by peralkaline suite of rocks which are formed due to rift tectonics. It is also suggested that these acidic rocks could have been derived by low degree partial melting of crustal material. Characteristics of certain pathfinder elements such as Rb, Ba, Sr, K, Zr, Nb, REE and the ratios of K/Rb, Zr/Rb, Ba/Rb along with the multi elemental primitive mantle normalized spidergrams suggest that the Siner peralkaline granites and microgranites have the potential for rare metal and rare earth mineralizations.     

我国东北小古里河-科洛-五大连池-二克山火山带钾质矿物成因及地质意义

东北黑龙江小古里河-科洛-五大连池-二克山火山岩带是我国近代保存最好的火山群之一,此带火山岩的岩石化学特点全都强碱富钾,K₂O/Na₂O>1.2,属于一套高钾过碱性火山岩。通过对东北钾质火山岩及金云母橄榄岩地幔捕虏体中钾质矿物金云母、白榴石的成分、结晶环境与岩浆成分及来源关系的研究,认为在岩石圈伸展构造背景下,地幔金云母橄榄岩的低度部分熔融形成钾质岩浆,钾质岩浆上升到地壳浅部经历了白榴石的结晶作用。岩浆演化晚期,因钾质矿物大量晶出导致岩浆相对富钠而出现他形霞石和方钠石等填隙矿物。火山岩及地幔捕虏体中富挥发分矿物金云母、白榴石、磷灰石、霞石和方钠石还提供了钾质岩浆富含H₂O、F、Cl、P等挥发分的证据。     

Geochemistry and tectonic setting of the late Precambrian Holyrood plutonic series of eastern Newfoundland

Major and trace element chemistry suggest that the Holyrood plutonic series is a co-magnetic calc-alkaline suite, formed at about 5 kb P_H2O by fractionation of plagioclase, amphibole and clinopyroxene from a gabbroic magma which was derived from the upper mantle. It appears unlikely that the series is genetically related to the Harbour Main volcanic rocks, either magmatically or by hybridization. Chemical comparison of the Holyrood series with suites from known tectonic environments suggest that this region approximated a ‘basin and range’ type of tectonic setting during formation of the Holyrood plutonic series.     

西藏雄梅地区晚白垩世江巴组火山岩岩石成因及对加厚地壳减薄的指示

江巴组火山岩是西藏雄梅地区近年来发现的火山岩,但其岩石成因尚不明确.通过开展系统的岩相学、地球化学、同位素定年示踪研究,结果表明英安质火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为85.1±1.0 Ma,为晚白垩世.安山质和英安质火山岩显示出明显的埃达克质岩特征,主量元素显示出较高的SiO₂和Al₂O₃含量及Mg#值;稀土元素整体呈轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素强烈亏损,轻重稀土元素分异明显,（La/Yb）_N值较高,无明显Eu异常;微量元素具有明显的高Sr,低Y、Yb和高Sr/Y值,相对富集Th、Zr和Hf,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti的特点;英安质火山岩锆石ε_Hf（t）值均为正值,在+2.7~+7.1之间,指示有亏损地幔物质参与成岩作用;以上表明安山质和英安质火山岩可能形成于加厚新生下地壳拆沉的部分熔融并有亏损地幔物质的加入.流纹质火山岩具相对低的MgO、TiO₂含量;LREEs富集、HREEs亏损,但轻重稀土元素分馏明显较安山质和英安质火山岩弱,微量元素富集Rb、Th和K,强烈亏损Eu,Sr,Ba,P和Ti,明显的负Eu异常,表明流纹质火山岩为地壳发生深熔而形成.综合对比江巴组火山岩的地球化学性质,表明班公湖-怒江缝合带中段昂龙岗日-班戈弧地区在晚白垩世期间存在一期板内加厚下地壳拆沉减薄事件.      

拉萨地块西部狮泉河地区典中组火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

广泛分布于拉萨地块南部的林子宗群火山岩被认为是新特提斯洋北向俯冲消减到陆陆碰撞构造背景转化过程中的岩浆作用产物，记录了从新特提斯洋俯冲到印度-欧亚板块碰撞、后碰撞的丰富信息.对狮泉河地区的林子宗群典中组火山岩样品进行了详细的年代学、元素及同位素地球化学研究.结果显示典中组火山岩样品LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄集中在67.1±1.7 Ma至70.8±1.1 Ma，表明其形成于白垩纪晚期.火山岩岩性主要包括玄武安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩等，其中，中基性火山岩为一套低钾拉斑-钙碱性系列岩石，具有低TiO₂（平均值< 1%），高Al₂O₃（平均值>15%），均富集K、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素（LILE），亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE），具有弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征.两件中基性岩样品（87Sr/86Sr）_i比值分别为0.707 437、0.707 672，ε_Nd（t）值分别为-5.06和-4.31.酸性火山岩为一套高钾钙碱性岩石，具有高的SiO₂（76.01%~76.77%）、高K₂O（4.93%~4.98%）、高K₂O/Na₂O（1.41%~1.45%）以及相对高的Mg#（平均值为45.38），富集K、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素（LILE），亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE），具有明显的Eu和Sr负异常.以上特征暗示典中组中基性火山岩可能是新特提斯洋北向俯冲消减过程中板片流体引起上覆地幔楔部分熔融的产物，且在上升过程中受到地壳混染的影响，酸性岩则可能来源于上覆地壳的部分熔融，且受到少量幔源物质的影响.此外，年代学及地球化学特征均表明本研究样品不属于前人认为的则弄群火山岩，而应重新厘定为林子宗群典中组火山岩.      

老挝南部帕莱通双峰式火山岩锆石U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学特征

老挝南部帕莱通（Phlaythong）矿区出露了一套双峰式火山岩组合,其基性端元为致密块状玄武岩,酸性端元为流纹岩。流纹岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为（229.0±2.0）Ma,属中-晚三叠世,代表双峰式火山岩形成时代。地球化学数据显示：玄武岩SiO₂质量分数均值为50.70%,富TiO₂、MgO、CaO和TFeO,具较低的全碱和P₂O₅,富集LILE(Sr、Rb、Ba、Th)和轻微亏损HFSE,轻稀土略微富集,Eu负异常不明显;流纹岩具有高的SiO₂（平均质量分数为76.33%）和全碱,富钾（w(K₂O）＞w(Na₂O)）,极低的TiO₂、MgO、CaO和TFeO,富Th、U和Zr,明显亏损Ta、Nb、Ba、Sr和Ti,轻稀土富集,显示明显的Eu负异常（δEu=0.31~0.82）特征。初步研究表明,玄武岩和流纹岩来自不同的岩浆源区,玄武岩由亏损的软流圈地幔受陆壳物质混染作用形成,流纹岩为壳源物质受幔源岩浆底侵加热之后熔融的产物。结合南海-印支地块构造演化特征,认为该双峰式火山岩形成于大陆板内裂谷环境。     

青藏高原中部麻米地区晚侏罗世火山岩岩石成因及其地质意义

在青藏高原中部中拉萨地块之上新识别了一套晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期岩浆岩,本次对其中麻米地区出露的火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年与全岩主微量元素分析研究工作.测年结果显示麻米火山岩形成于晚侏罗世（152~150 Ma）,岩石地球化学具有高SiO₂、高全碱含量（Na₂O+K₂O）、低MgO、低P₂O₅的特征,并显示明显的Eu、Sr、Ba等元素的亏损,具有高分异I型花岗质岩石的特征.结合区域上报道的同期中酸性侵入岩资料,麻米酸性火山岩起源于古老地壳物质重熔并经历了广泛的结晶分异作用.本文研究表明中拉萨地块上晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期岩浆作用形成于洋壳俯冲背景,应该是新特提斯洋北向俯冲过程中引发的弧型岩浆事件.      

拉萨地块中北部尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的成因及构造意义

以往的研究多侧重于拉萨地体中南部,对拉萨地块中北部地区的火山岩浆活动的分布特点、火山岩成因及构造意义关注相对较少,且对该地区中生代火山岩的成因机制存在不同认识.尼雄地区广泛发育的白垩纪火山岩保存了大量青藏高原新生代之前的地质演化信息.岩石学和锆石U-Pb定年研究表明,火山岩类型主要为玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩和流纹岩,其SiO₂含量为55.76%～77.78%,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0.89～3.04,属高钾钙碱性-碱钙性、偏铝质-过铝质岩石;其富集Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,显示出A型花岗质岩石特征;此外,流纹岩具有较高的SiO₂含量和极低的MgO、TiO₂、P₂O₅含量及δEu值,相对亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr和Eu等元素,与高分异的A型流纹岩特征一致.从1个玄武安山岩、1个粗面安山岩和2个流纹岩样品中获得的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄分别为117 Ma、127 Ma和126～127 Ma,代表了尼雄地区早白垩世火山岩的形成年龄,否定了前人把尼雄地区火山岩全归属为始新世林子宗群年波组或渐新世日贡拉组的认识.综合研究表明,玄武安山岩、粗面安山岩和流纹岩可能为壳幔熔体混合的结果,并伴随着一定的分离结晶作用.它们可能同时受到班公湖-怒江洋壳向南、雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋壳向北双向俯冲的影响.      

吉林省白头山火山岩的微量元素及其岩石学意义

白头山火山岩中含有一套粗面岩—钠碱流岩,与下伏的长白山玄武岩组成一个岩石系列。在白头山火山岩中,REE、Zn、Zr等元素十分富集,而过渡元素及Sr、Ba等元素极其贫 化。REE配分具明显的Eu负异常,许多不相容元素在岩石系列中表现出良好的线性关系。依据微量元素行为的数学模式对这些特征进行定性分析和定量模拟,其结果表明白头山火山岩是由长白山玄武岩岩浆经结晶分异形成的。     

Petrogenesis of collision-related plutonics in Central Anatolia, Turkey

Central Anatolia exhibits good examples of calc-alkaline and alkaline magmatism of similar age in a collision-related tectonic setting (continent–island arc collision). In the Central Anatolia region, late Cretaceous post-collisional plutonic rocks intrude Palaeozoic–Mesozoic metamorphic rocks overthrust by Upper Cretaceous ophiolitic units to make up the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex.

In the complex, three different intrusive rock types may be recognised based on their geochemical characteristics: (i) calc-alkaline (Behrekdag, Cefalikdag, and Celebi); (ii) subalkaline-transitional (Baranadag); and (ii) alkaline (Hamit). The calc-alkaline and subalkaline plutonic rocks are metaluminous I-type plutons ranging from monzodiorite to granite. The alkaline plutonic rocks are metaluminous to peralkaline plutons, predominantly A-type, ranging from nepheline monzosyenite to quartz syenite.

All intrusive rocks show enrichment in LILE and LREE relative to HFSE, and have high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios. These characteristics indicate an enriched mantle source region(s) carrying a subduction component inherited from pre-collision subduction events. The tectonic discrimination diagram of Rb vs. (Y+Nb) suggests that the calc-alkaline, subalkaline, and alkaline plutonic rocks have been affected by crustal assimilation combined with fractional crystallisation processes.

The coexistence of calc-alkaline and alkaline magmatism in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex may be attributed to mantle source heterogeneity before collision. The former carries a smaller intraplate component and pre-subduction enrichment compared to the latter. Either thermal perturbation of the metasomatised lithosphere by delamination of the thermal boundary layer (TBL), or removal of a subducted plate (slab breakoff) is the likely mechanism for the initiation of the post-collisional magmatism in the Complex.     

海南荔枝沟中三叠世酸性火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

海南岛位于印支与华南陆块的交界地带,构造演化复杂,因此海南岛的拼合历史和构造属性一直备受争议.在海南岛三亚荔枝沟地区新识别出的酸性火山岩对于探讨海南岛早中生代的构造属性具有重要指示意义.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示该套酸性火山岩中流纹岩的成岩年龄为241±6 Ma（MSWD=0.9）.地球化学特征表明该套火山岩样品的SiO₂含量介于72.34%~77.83%,具较高的Al₂O₃（10.51%~13.53%）、K₂O（2.85%~4.85%）、Na₂O（1.75%~3.79%）含量和A/CNK比值（0.99~2.07）,为过铝质钙碱性酸性火山岩.样品稀土元素含量为∑REE=87×10-6~177×10-6,富集轻稀土元素,显示右倾岛弧型稀土元素配分模式,Eu负异常明显.样品富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,ε_Nd（t）变化于-12.1~-11.3之间,可被解释为变沉积物部分熔融后经历分离结晶作用的产物.区域对比研究表明该套酸性火山岩可与三江地区的金沙江-哀牢山-松马构造带的中三叠世岩浆岩进行类比,应形成于印支与华南陆块汇聚的构造背景.      

山西吕梁地区吕梁群变基性火山岩原岩形成年龄、地球化学特征及形成环境

华北克拉通古元古代中期构造环境及演化至今尚存有争议,该时期相关岩浆作用的成因研究可为这些问题的解决提供重要证据。本文对华北克拉通中部山西吕梁地区古元古代中期形成的吕梁群近周营组基性火山岩开展综合研究,获得2 180±19 Ma 的形成年龄,岩石地球化学低TiO₂、高Al₂O₃ 和K₂O,属钙碱性系列。微量元素富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、Sr 等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti 和P等高场强元素,富集Pb,具轻稀土略富集、铕弱异常的右倾稀土模式,与典型消减带弧岩浆产物特征一致。同位素组成显示正ε_Nd（t）= 1.0～2.6 和ε_Hf（t）= 1.8～9.2, 指示它们来源于亏损地幔,低的Ti/Y（246～385）和Ce/Y 值（0.99～1.77）进一步揭示,地幔源区受到俯冲流体的交代和沉积物的参与,是楔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩与石榴石二辉橄榄岩过渡带略亏损地幔区发生部分熔融,并经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石等矿物分离结晶作用而形成。结合同期埃达克岩-高镁安山岩-富Nb玄武岩-安山岩组合以及弧花岗岩类的出现提出,2 200 Ma 华北中部带已演化至活动大陆边缘弧的构造环境。     

新疆南天山南缘库车河流域早二叠世酸性火山岩的地球化学、锆石年代学及构造意义

库车河流域小提坎里克组火山岩主要为一套流纹岩建造,富碱（Na₂O+K₂O=6.89～8.46%）、高钾（K₂O/Na₂O=1.6～2.1）、铝含量12.83～14.78%（平均为14.18%）,低钙（1.06～2.51%,平均为1.50%）、低镁（MgO=0.27～0.44%,平均为0.37%）,Fe₂O₃^*=1.29%～2.68%（平均为2.17%）。其铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.98～1.15,为过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄质花岗岩类。流纹岩的轻稀土强烈富集,重稀土亏损,明显富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素,具明显的铕负异常（δEu为0.46～0.54）。主微量元素特征显示其壳源成因,原岩为变质杂砂岩,源区有石榴石、角闪石、斜长石的残留。对两个流纹岩样品中的锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,获得288.3 Ma和290.3 Ma的形成年龄,与西部温宿和拜城地区的小提坎里克组火山岩为同期火山活动产物。该套火山岩具有同碰撞过铝质S型花岗岩特征,结合区域上广泛分布的二叠纪后造山花岗岩,认为西南天山洋至少在早二叠世已经闭合。     

东天山阿奇山-雅满苏构造带小东山火山岩的成因和意义:年代学、主微量元素及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学约束

阿奇山-雅满苏构造带是东天山造山带的重要组成部分,其大地构造属性至今仍存在争议.小东山火山岩出露于阿奇山-雅满苏构造带的西段,包括基性到酸性系列火山岩,是认识阿奇山-雅满苏构造带属性和演化的有效“岩石探针”.本次工作对其开展了系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素和同位素地球化学研究.研究结果表明,小东山火山岩主要由花岗斑岩、英安斑岩、安山岩、玄武岩以及橄榄玄武岩组成,元素协变关系指示该套火山岩系列属于同源岩浆的演化产物.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果显示,小东山火山岩年龄为318~308 Ma,形成于晚石炭世.该套火山岩SiO₂含量变化范围较大（48.10%~76.82%）,Al₂O₃含量整体较低且变化范围较小.从基性岩到酸性岩,稀土总量逐渐增加,Eu/Eu*值逐渐降低.中酸性火山岩大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Pb、Sr等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P、Th等强烈亏损.而基性火山岩主要表现为Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti负异常,K、Pb、P正异常.所有火山岩均以低（87Sr/86Sr）_i（0.704 50~0.707 14）、高ε_Nd（t）（+3.16~+5.71）以及高ε_Hf值（+5.45~+12.18）为特征.上述元素和同位素地球化学特征指示了小东山火山岩形成于岛弧构造环境,起源于交代地幔楔的部分熔融并经过了结晶分异作用.结合前人对区域构造-岩浆活动的认识,本文认为小东山火山岩所在的阿奇山-雅满苏岛弧带是在石炭纪古天山洋向南俯冲过程中形成.      

Spatial, temporal and geochemical characteristics of Silurian collision-zone magmatism, Newfoundland Appalachians: An example of a rapidly evolving magmatic system related to slab break-off

Silurian plutonic suites in the Newfoundland Appalachians include abundant gabbro, monzogabbro and granite to granodiorite and lesser quartz diorite and tonalite. Most are medium- to high-K, but included are some low-K and shoshonitic mafic compositions. Felsic rocks are of both alkaline (A-type or within-plate granite (WPG)) and calc-alkaline volcanic arc granite (VAG) affinity. Mafic rocks include both arc-like (Nb/Th < 3) calc-alkaline and non-arc-like (Nb/Th > 3) transitional calc-alkaline basalt to continental tholeiitic affinity compositions. ε_Nd(T) values range from − 9.6 to + 5.4 and δ¹⁸O (VSMOW) values range from + 3.1 to + 13.2‰.

A rapid progression from exclusively arc-type to non-arc-like mafic and then contemporaneous WPG plus VAG magmatism has been documented using precise U–Pb zircon dating. Earlier arc-like plutonism indicates subduction, while asthenosphere-derived mafic magmas support slab break-off, due to subduction of a young, warm back-arc basin. Contemporaneous mafic magmas with arc and non-arc geochemical signatures may reflect tapping of asthenospheric and subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) sources and/or contamination of asthenosphere-derived magmas by SCLM or crust.

The brevity (< 5 Ma) of the mafic magmatic pulse agrees with the transient nature of magmatism associated with slab break-off. The subsequent ca. 1 to 2 m.y. period of voluminous WPG and VAG plutonism likely reflects mafic magma-driven partial melting of both SCLM and crustal sources, respectively. Continuation of VAG-like magmatism for an additional 2 to 5 m.y. may reflect lower solidus temperatures of crustal materials, enabling anatexis to continue after mantle melting ceased. East to west spatial variation of ε_Nd and (La/Yb)_CN in Silurian plutons suggests a transition from shallow melting of juvenile sources proximal to the collision zone to deeper melting of old source materials in the garnet-stability field further inboard.

Previous work has demonstrated that geochemical discriminaton of post-collisional granitoid magmatism (PCGM) is difficult in the absence of other constraints. Our example should contribute to the understanding and identification of PCGM if it can be employed as a ‘fingerprint’ for slab break-off-related PCGM within the Paleozoic geological record.