高桩码头预应力横梁加固技术研究

以钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元分析理论为基础,利用数值模拟建立分离式钢筋混凝土模型及其相应的本构关系和破坏准则,计算分析了预应力横梁在不加固和加固两种工况下应力、挠度和极限承载能力等参数结果,总结了预应力横梁在梁底增大截面后施加体外预应力加固技术的优势和不足,为该加固技术的实际应用提供了基础。为验证该加固技术的实际效果,通过物理模型试验分别对未加固和加固后的横梁进行了荷载试验。结果表明:经加固后的横梁极限承载能力有较大幅度提高,加固效果明显,不足之处是达到极限承载能力时在加固区的4个边角区会有应力集中现象,造成局部混凝土出现损伤,这需要在实际加固工程中引起注意并在后续研究中加以解决。     

带地形高频大地电磁法有限元数值模拟

随着中深度地球物理勘探的迫切需要,以美国EH-4电导率成像系统为代表的高频大地电磁法在我国地球物理勘探行业应用越来越广泛,其勘探深度在地下1000 m以浅,频率范围10 Hz～100 KHz.本文研究了带地形的高频率大地电磁法有限元高精度、快速数值模拟.首先利用广义变分原理推导出电磁场的有限元方程,编制了双线性和双二次插值有限元程序,对典型山谷和山脊地形的数值模拟结果进行了分析,得出了一些有意义的结论.     

基于等效弹簧单元的砌体填充墙框架结构有限元分析

针对当前砌体填充墙框架结构数值模拟中缺乏简单有效的填充墙建模方法,缺少对填充墙-框架刚性连接和柔性连接的考虑等问题,提出了基于等效弹簧单元的填充墙框架结构有限元分析方法。首先,将填充墙框架结构拆分成空框架和等效约束填充墙,其中等效约束填充墙综合考虑了填充墙对框架柱的侧向约束,以及主体框架对填充墙的闭合约束;其次,在粉煤灰空心砌块墙体及砌体填充墙框架结构水平往复荷载试验的基础上,分析了墙-框刚性连接与柔性连接情况下等效约束填充墙的力学性能,提出了填充墙的滞回曲线模型及等效弹簧有限元分析模型;最后,分别进行了刚性连接和柔性连接填充墙框架结构水平单调荷载作用下的有限元试验拟合。计算结果表明:等效弹簧单元能够有效模拟等效约束填充墙的工作,且建模方式简便易行,特别适用于砌体填充墙框架整体结构的数值模拟分析。     

钢框架后张抗震梁柱节点的非线性分析

推导了后张顶底角钢梁柱节点的初始刚度及极限承载力的一般公式,并利用ANSYS建立了其三维有限元模型,模拟该节点在地震荷载下的受力特征.分析表明,后张顶底梁柱节点具有与传统焊接刚性节点相近的刚度,能够充分发挥各个组成构件的性能,且残余变形较小.对比证明,角钢厚度和后张力大小是影响节点性能的主要因素.最后针对后张节点的薄弱环节提出了适合应用的改进形式.     

土工振动台试验连续体模型箱的适用性研究

为更加合理地模拟地下结构多台阵振动台试验中场地的连续性,作者所在课题组研制了用于长线性地下结构振动台试验的连续体模型箱装置,该装置是由端部刚性箱、软连接箱及中间刚性箱组成的空间结构体系.运用有限元软件ABAQUS对其进行三维数值模拟,模态分析论证了可不与模型土发生共振的连续箱体构造的合理性,三维数值试验分析了该连续体模型箱在一致、非一致地震激励作用下的“边界效应”及工作中的稳定性.数值试验结果表明,所设计的连续体模型箱性能良好,为本次试验获得成功打下了坚实的基础.     

半刚性连接焊接空心球网壳弹塑性分析的短杆模型

提出了一种考虑焊接空心球节点半刚性网壳弹塑性分析的"短杆模型",即采用等效短杆模拟焊接空心球节点,通过对质量、横截面积及惯性矩的折算来模拟球的质量及初始刚度,并利用自定义PMM塑性铰模拟焊接空心球节点塑性工作阶段随轴力变化的弯曲刚度。在SAP2000有限元软件中实现了该计算模型的导入,并通过算例证明了采用该模型进行弹塑性分析的可行性。"短杆模型"适用于半刚性连接焊接空心球网壳的静动力弹塑性分析,借助它可以更准确地分析半刚性连接焊接空心球网壳塑性阶段的真实反应和实际工作性能。     

基于电场矢量波动方程的三维可控源电磁法有限单元法数值模拟

从可控源电磁法的基本原理出发,推导了基于电场矢量波动方程的三维边值问题,利用广义变分原理,把边值问题转换为变分问题,并引入散度条件,避免了伪解的出现,使有限元计算在理论上更加完备.在准静态近似条件下,把水平电偶极子在空中和大地的远区电场闭合表达式作为有限元计算中的区域外边界条件,解决了边界条件加载的困难;把应用于地震模拟中的伪delta函数引入到可控源电磁法中的三维有限元模拟中,消除了源点的奇异性,提高了方程组的稳定性.通过对均匀大地和层状介质模型的模拟,检验了程序的正确性,并对典型的地质体模型进行了数值模拟,分析了其变化规律.     

基于南水北调西线工程岩性特征的CSAMT法有限元三维数值模拟研究

有限元法是地球物理数值模拟中常用的方法,本文采用三维可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)有限元数值模拟的程序,根据南水北调西线工程岩性的地球物理特征,设置了不同的三维模型,并对其进行了有限元数值计算分析,从三维空间中模拟场的规律,探索了不同地质异常体的特征,为提高可控源音频大地电磁法在南水北调西线工程深埋藏隧洞探测地质异常体的精度奠定了基础.     

2.5维电导率正交各向异性海洋可控源电磁等参有限元数值模拟

本文实现了2.5维电导率正交各向异性海洋可控源电磁等参有限元数值模拟.利用傅里叶变换导出了电导率正交各向异性2.5维海洋可控源电磁法波数域电磁场耦合方程,采用伽里金加权余量法推导了相应的有限元方程;采用任意四边形单元对研究区域进行剖分,在单元中进行双二次插值,将有限元方程化为线性代数方程组;最后,求解线性方程组并进行反傅里叶变换获得空间域电磁场值.这个方法可以模拟海底起伏地形条件下地下任意形状电导率正交各向异性的复杂模型.与一维模型的数值模拟结果对比表明,电磁场数值解与解析解吻合.二维模型的计算结果与二维自适应非结构有限元模拟结果也吻合.水平海底二维地电模型考察了不同各向异性系数对海洋可控源电磁响应的影响特征.海底起伏地形地电模型的数值结果表明,电导率各向异性对海洋可控源电磁响应影响明显,有可能淹没海底地形和高阻油气藏引起的异常.

     

频率域线源大地电磁法有限元正演模拟

本文介绍了频率域线源大地电磁法有限元正演模拟的研究结果. 在外边界上统一应用适合于人工源的一阶吸收边界条件来形成边值问题,可减小基于平面波假设造成的人为截断边界的影响. 程序编辑中设计了两个二维数组分别存储总体系数矩阵的非零元素和在总体结点编号中的位置,使内存占用量减少,且物理意义明确,方便用高斯-赛德尔等迭代法解有限元方程时调用. 采用视δ函数模拟线源,提高了解方程组的稳定性. 最后通过对1个简单模型和1个复杂模型的模拟,证明所用的方法对异常体能够有明显的反映,说明了该方法的可靠性和有效性.     

Nonlinear FE model updating and reconstruction of the response of an instrumented seismic isolated bridge to the 2010 Maule Chile earthquake

Nonlinear finite element (FE) modeling has been widely used to investigate the effects of seismic isolation on the response of bridges to earthquakes. However, most FE models of seismic isolated bridges (SIB) have used seismic isolator models calibrated from component test data, while the prediction accuracy of nonlinear FE models of SIB is rarely addressed by using data recorded from instrumented bridges. In this paper, the accuracy of a state‐of‐the‐art FE model is studied through nonlinear FE model updating (FEMU) of an existing instrumented SIB, the Marga‐Marga Bridge located in Viña del Mar, Chile. The seismic isolator models are updated in 2 phases: component‐wise and system‐wise FEMU. The isolator model parameters obtained from 23 isolator component tests show large scatter, and poor goodness of fit of the FE‐predicted bridge response to the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake is obtained when most of those parameter sets are used for the isolator elements of the bridge model. In contrast, good agreement is obtained between the FE‐predicted and measured bridge response when the isolator model parameters are calibrated using the bridge response data recorded during the mega‐earthquake. Nonlinear FEMU is conducted by solving single‐ and multiobjective optimization problems using high‐throughput cloud computing. The updated FE model is then used to reconstruct response quantities not recorded during the earthquake, gaining more insight into the effects of seismic isolation on the response of the bridge during the strong earthquake.     

Comparison of finite difference and finite element solutions to the variably saturated flow equation

Numerical solutions to the equation governing variably saturated flow are usually obtained using either the finite difference (FD) method or the finite element (FE) method. A detailed comparison of these methods shows that the main difference between them is in how the numerical schemes spatially average the variation of material properties. Further differences are also observed in the way that flux boundaries are represented in FE and FD methods. A modified finite element (MFE) algorithm is used to explore the significance of these differences. The MFE algorithm enables a direct comparison with a typical FD solution scheme, and explicitly demonstrates the differences between FE and FD methods. The MFE algorithm provides an improved approximation to the partial differential equation over the usual FD approach while being computationally simpler to implement than the standard FE solution. One of the main limitations of the MFE algorithm is that the algorithm was developed by imposing several restrictions upon the more general FE solution; however, the MFE is shown to be preferable over the usual FE and FD solutions for some of the test problems considered in this study. The comparison results show that the FE (or MFE) solution can avoid the erroneous results encountered in the FD solution for coarsely discretized problems. The improvement in the FE solution is attributed to the broader hydraulic conductivity averaging and differences in the representation of flux type boundaries.     

考虑流固耦合作用的深水桥墩地震响应分析

地震作用下,深水桥墩与周围水体的耦合振动是一个非常复杂的动力相互作用问题。本文基于非线性Morison方程,采用Airy波浪理论,建立了深水桥墩考虑流固耦合作用的有限元模型,应用Newmark—β法提出了求解该耦合非线性方程的算法,并用ANSYS软件和Matlab软件自编了求解程序。以某跨海大桥深水桥墩为算例,对其进行在地震作用下的非线性动力分析,并与已有计算方法进行对比。结果表明：按本文方法计算的墩顶最大位移、墩底最大剪力及墩底最大弯矩均较大,差异最大达到12．5％。因此在极端海况条件下,对深水桥墩进行地震作用下的动力分析时,建议采用本文考虑流固耦合的方法。     

Seismic response of skewed RC box-girder bridges

It is critical to ensure the functionality of highway bridges after earthquakes to provide access to important facilities. Since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, there has been a better understanding of the seismic performance of bridges. Nonetheless, there are no detailed guidelines addressing the performance of skewed highway bridges. Several parameters affect the response of skewed highway bridges under both service and seismic loads which makes their behavior complex. Therefore, there is a need for more research to study the effect of skew angle and other related factors on the performance of highway bridges. This paper examines the seismic performance of a three-span continuous concrete box girder bridge with skew angles from 0 to 60 degrees, analytically. Finite element （FE） and simplified beam-stick （BS） models of the bridge were developed using SAP2000. Different types of analysis were considered on both models such as： nonlinear static pushover, and linear and nonlinear time history analyses. A comparison was conducted between FE and BS, different skew angles, abutment support conditions, and time history and pushover analysis. It is shown that the BS model has the capability to capture the coupling due to skew and the significant modes for moderate skew angles. Boundary conditions and pushover load profile are determined to have a major effect on pushover analysis. Pushover analysis may be used to predict the maximum deformation and hinge formation adequately.     

Numerical failure analysis of a continuous reinforced concrete bridge under strong earthquakes using multi-scale models

Previous failure analyses of bridges typically focus on substructure failure or superstructure failure separately. However, in an actual bridge, the seismic induced substructure failure and superstructure failure may influence each other. Moreover, previous studies typically use simplified models to analyze the bridge failure; however, there are inherent defects in the calculation accuracy compared with using a detailed three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model. Conversely, a detailed 3D FE model requires more computational costs, and a proper erosion criterion of the 3D elements is necessary. In this paper, a multi-scale FE model, including a corresponding erosion criterion, is proposed and validated that can significantly reduce computational costs with high precision by modelling a pseudo-dynamic test of an reinforced concrete (RC) pier. Numerical simulations of the seismic failures of a continuous RC bridge based on the multi-scale FE modeling method using LS-DYNA are performed. The nonlinear properties of the bridge, various connection strengths and bidirectional excitations are considered. The numerical results demonstrate that the failure of the connections will induce large pounding responses of the girders. The nonlinear deformation of the piers will aggravate the pounding damages. Furthermore, bidirectional earthquakes will induce eccentric poundings to the girders and different failure modes to the adjacent piers.     

可控源电磁三维频率域有限元模拟

本文采用电磁场的磁矢量位和电标量势,将Maxwell方程组化为位势的类似于Helmholtz型方程,并引入罚项及稳定化方法克服了电磁三维有限元算法中的伪解及数值不稳定性;采用人工边界把计算区域局域化,将均匀半空间中水平电偶极子源产生的位势值作为人工边界上的第一类边界条件以表示源的作用,减少了实际的计算区域.理论模型和复杂模型的计算结果均表明,可控源电磁三维有限元数值模拟给出了稳定、可靠的电磁场分布.     

Cluster computing-aided model updating for a high-fidelity finite element model of a long-span cable-stayed bridge

Accurate and high-fidelity finite element (FE) models are in great demand in the design, performance assessment, and life-cycle maintenance of long-span cable-stayed bridges. The structural system of a long-span cable-stayed bridge is often huge in size and complex with many components connected and various materials constituted. Therefore, the FE model of a long-span cable-stayed bridge involves a large number of elements and nodes with many uncertainties. The model updating of the FE model to best represent a real bridge is necessary but very challenging. One of the challenging issues is that the numerical computation needed for searching the global optimum of a large set of structural parameters is so extensive that the existing FE (not surrogate) model-based updating methods cannot fulfill this task. In this study, a cluster computing-aided FE model updating framework is proposed for the high-performance FE model updating of large and complex structures. In the framework, several computer software packages, including MSC.Marc, Python, and MATLAB, are interconnected for making use of their respective functions of strength. The shake table test of a scaled physical structure of the Sutong cable-stayed bridge in China is used to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed framework. The simulated bridge responses based on the updated FE model are in good agreement with the measured ones from the shake table test. The successful application of the proposed framework provides a reference for the model updating of other types of large and complex structures.     

基于光流法的稀疏光场稠密重建算法

光场成像在三维重建、合成孔径去遮挡和全息成像等应用中具有重要作用.光场稠密重建算法能够弥补光场成像硬件的不足,实现稀疏光场的稠密重建.本文从二维光流基本原理出发,以光场双平面模型为基础,提出一种新的四维光场光流约束方程数学模型,利用该约束方程求解得到的光场光流确定新视角的位置坐标,并通过插值计算及图像反演逐点获得新坐标...     

地震作用下曲线梁桥双向碰撞作用影响分析

碰撞作用直接影响到桥梁不同构件的地震响应,是桥梁抗震研究中一直关注的问题。针对地震作用下曲线梁桥因主梁面内转动而发生主梁与切向桥台和径向挡块碰撞的现象,以1座3跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥为例,采用非线性时程分析方法,对曲线连续梁桥的双向碰撞作用影响进行研究,并分析了不同减撞措施的效果。结果表明:考虑双向碰撞作用后,下部结构响应有明显增加,主梁转动现象变得复杂,曲线梁桥地震响应分析中应通过建立精细化模型来考虑主梁双向碰撞作用的影响;在切向桥台处设置限位拉锁装置能起到较好的减轻双向碰撞作用的影响,以及采用减隔震设计后,减撞效果更明显,桥梁抗震性能明显改善,但合理减撞措施设计参数应结合曲线梁桥约束体系及结构设计参数进行体系分析确定。     

钢筋混凝土箱型高墩双向拟静力试验研究

随着高墩大跨桥梁的广泛应用,其抗震问题也越来越突出。本文主要考虑轴压比、长细比的影响,进行了6个钢筋混凝土薄壁箱型高墩缩尺模型的双向拟静力试验,以及反复荷载作用下的非线性分析。研究表明：①钢筋混凝土薄壁箱型高墩柱在多维荷载共同作用下,主要发生典型的弯曲破坏,但剪切作用也不容忽视;②墩枉的破坏受到不同方向耦合作用的显著影响,尤其是抗弯刚度小的一侧受到的影响更大,较早就出现开裂,提前进入塑性发展阶段;③非线性有限元计算的滞回曲线、骨架曲线等与试验结果基本吻合;④建立了考虑轴压比、长细比影响的钢筋混凝土薄壁箱型高墩的双向荷载一位移恢复力模型,该模型基本能够反映钢筋混凝土薄壁箱型高墩的抗震性能,可供钢筋混凝土箱型高墩柱及高墩桥梁结构的抗震设计和动力计算参考。