TECHNOLOGY DISSEMINATION IN RURAL YUNNAN: SITUATION AND PROBLEMS

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｄｉｓｓｅｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｉｎｒｕｒａｌｓａｒｅａｏｆＹｕｎｎａｎｉｓａｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｏｆｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｒｕｒａｌａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ．Ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｌｙ,Ｙｕｎｎａｎ＇ｓｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｈａｓａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄａｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｓｃａｌｅ：２４３９ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈ２２３２１ｓｔａｆｆｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｅｓｔａｂ－ｌｉｓｈｅｄａｓｔｅｃｈ…     

RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN EL HATILLO, NICARAGUA: GENDER, NEOLIBERALISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

El Hatillo is a rural community in the Sébaco valley in Nicaragua, which suffers from an eroding resource base, high levels of poverty and malnutrition, and a high susceptibility to hazards. Structural adjustment policies have been devastating for small and subsistence farmers and have increased the level of economic, social and environmental marginalisation in rural Nicaragua. This paper explores initiatives to promote sustainable development in Nicaragua in the context of structural adjustment and environmental degradation. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in El Hatillo, it outlines the ways in which women in this community are attempting to address the multiple challenges of rural poverty and environmental risk and considers the potential of these strategies for gender equality.     

参与式农村发展理论与实践—来自滇川黔地区的经验

参与式发展是80年代末初形成的一种发展学理论和方法，完成从学术研究到发展实践的变成，已经在大范围的政府资助的项目中应用。通过总结从事参与式农村发展引进、试验及应用的10年经验，认为参与式是发展的一种思想和一套简单和可视的方法，能够有效地协助受教育少的村民分析自己面临的问题，寻找可行和适合于他们自身条件的解决办法，提高项目受益者自己的能力。参与式的应用和推广需要一批有参与式理念和经验的发展工作者，更重要的是培养基层工作者，他们在日常与村民接触的工作应用参与式的方法。实践者除了行为、态度的转变和熟练应用参与式方法的技巧外，还需要有培训的能力、协调和协助的技巧、机构管理与项目管理的知识、以及咨询服务的技能。     

基于层次熵分析法的乡村旅游产业竞争力评价研究

旅游业发展的核心问题之一是产业竞争力问题.通过层次分析法和熵技术的运用,构建出包含旅游资源要素状况、旅游市场状况、相关产业状况、旅游企业状况、外部环境条件、政策保障与支持条件等6个基本因素和42个具体影响因子的乡村旅游产业竞争力评价模型,通过对四川省、浙江省与福建省的实证分析与研究,认为乡村旅游产业系统是一个多因素、层次性的复合系统,乡村旅游资源以外的多种因素在乡村旅游产业的发展过程中扮演了越来越重要的角色.     

湖南农业和农村发展可持续性评价及对策

农业和农村可持续发展 (SARD)是人类社会和国民经济可持续发展的基础。湖南虽为我国农业大省 ,但近年来农业生产出现停滞甚至滑波迹象。从粮食安全、脱贫致富和资源环境持续性三个方面 ,对湖南农业和农村发展可持续性进行评价 ,并提出相应的对策。     

我国农村工业发展型式研究

本文根据系统与环境相互作用理论,依初始主导环境因素将农村工业发展型式划分为６种基本类型：农副产品加工型、城市扩散辐射型、矿产资源开发型、外资外贸推动型、人力资本推动型、市场加工循环推动型,并依是由权力精英或是由经济精英发动将６种基本类型划分为１２种亚型;本文重点对各个型式的形成条件和特征进行了分析,对不同型式的发展潜力和存在问题进行了对比,并探讨了它们在欠发达地区的适用性。     

THE IMPACT OF DE-COLLECTIVISATION ON WOMEN IN RURAL CHINA

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｍｏｓｔｆａｒ－ｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｒｅｆｏｒｍｔｏｄａｔｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａｗａｓｕｎｄｅｒｔａｋｅｎｉｎｔｈｅｔｗｅｎ－ｔｙｙｅａｒｓ１９７８～１９９８,ａｎｄｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｓｓｔｉｌｌｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｎｇ．Ｉｔｉｎｉｔｉａｌｌｙｓｔａｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌ－ｔｕｒａｌｓｅｃｔｏｒａｔｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｔｈｅ１９７０ｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｒａｄｉｃａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｐｏｌｉｃｉｅｓｈａｖｅａｆ－ｆｅｃｔｅｄａｌ…     

GENDER,GEOPOLITICS, AND GEOSURVEILLANCE IN THE BOURNE ULTIMATUM*

Generic action‐thriller films, especially The Bourne Ultimatum, the last in a series of three films, provide a useful resource for examining the gendered nature of geopolitics, the specification of place, and the role of geosurveillance in post‐9/11 national security. Using the dialogue of the film as key source material, I show how the private world of Jason Bourne, an assassin, is interwoven with the public sphere of international security, including covert operations: The personal is geopolitical. I conclude with some reflections on how we might use film as a critical pedagogical resource.     

云南省乡村旅游存在的问题与对策研究

云南省是一个多民族的边疆山区省份，乡村人口占总人口的73．4％，具有发展乡村旅游的潜在优势。在实地调查和查阅资料的基础上，从乡村旅游资源特点、发展存在的问题等方面进行较为全面的分析，得知：云南省具有和谐的乡村旅游景观、乡村人文景观风貌独特、乡村文化多样性等资源优势；在发展中存在乡村旅游分散且规模小、经营水平低、产品单一、旅游大环境差、少数民族文化的不断消失等问题。因此，今后的发展中要考虑乡村旅游的统一协调发展，在政府指导下支持乡村旅游的规模性开发，逐步健全法规体系，深化乡村旅游的产品，突出民族文化、气候、生态特色，提高经营者的素质，营造良好的乡村旅游大环境。     

人力资本视角下云南农村家庭教育投资研究

人力资本缺失是云南农村致贫的重要原因,未来云南农村的经济增长和社会进步很大程度上依赖于农村人力资本的增长。教育投资是积累人力资本的有效途径之一,教育投资的方式和力度对人力资本积累有很大影响。基于对现有调查问卷的分析,揭示了云南农村家庭教育投资的一些特征,认为云南农村家庭教育投资能力不足与其热衷于高学历教育投资产生矛盾,并探究了此矛盾产生的原因,提出了解决此矛盾的一些对策及措施。     

港澳文化在珠江三角洲的传播及其影响分析

港澳文化在珠江三角洲的传播具有特殊的历史背景和地理基础 ;这种传播的过程是渐进的 ,具有不同的阶段特征 ;传播的方式和途径多种多样 ;港澳文化对珠江三角洲的影响也是复杂的、多方面的。     

OVERVIEW OF PARTICIPATORY RURAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACH: THE PRACTICE IN CHINA

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｕｒａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｓｔｈｅｓｅｔｏｆａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄａｃｔｉｏｎｓｔａｋｅｎｔｏｇｅｔｈｅｒｂｙｄｉｖｅｒｓｅｉｎｄｉ－ｖｉｄｕａｌｓａｎｄｏｒｇａｎｉｓａｔｉｏｎｌｅａｄｉｎｇｔｏｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ．Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｅｆｉｎｅｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｌｙ：ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｉｔｅｑｕａｌｓｔｏｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｎｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ－ｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｉｎｃｏｍｅｓａｎｄｗｅａｌｔｈ．Ｐｏｖｅｒｔｙａｌｌｅｖｉ…     

BEEKEEPING AND LOCAL SELF-RELIANCE IN RURAL SOUTHERN AFRICA*

ABSTRACT. Beekeeping has the potential to supplement incomes in rural southern Africa. In light of regional economic constraints, self-reliance strategies that draw on local knowledge and skills take on a renewed importance. We consider the advantages and disadvantages of beekeeping and examine appropriate forms of development support. A short case study from Zimbabwe illustrates these issues.     

RURAL ADDRESSING AND COMPUTER MAPPING IN NEW MEXICO

Specifying the location of a rural residence is a common geographic problem. Most addressing systems are designed for urban areas and are not applicable to rural areas. The mile marker addressing system meets all of the requirements for a rural addressing system. With the addition of computer mapping techniques, rural addressing can be done efficiently and can provide the basis for a county's computer mapping system. Projects in New Mexico provide several examples of computerized rural addressing projects.     

RURAL REGIONAL GOVERNANCE IN THE UNITED STATES: THE CASE OF THE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM*

Rural governance has drawn considerable attention from both local government officials and scholars in the United States since the early 1990s. It is touted as a way to mitigate the limitations of the traditional government unit‐based approaches to problem solving and decision making and to foster partnerships across both jurisdictional boundaries and sectors (public, private, and nonprofit). Established in 1962, the Resource Conservation and Development (rc&d ) program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture provides a unique model of rural regional governance. Acting as a coalition of governments, private businesses, individuals, and interest groups, the rc&d program provides the flexibility needed to deal with issues at the appropriate spatial scale. It incorporates aspects of both grassroots and governmental organizations and can bring together local interests and expertise with governmental policy and support in service provision, problem solving, and economic development. The approach does not necessarily entail loss of power on the part of the state, but it does provide a mechanism for local people to exercise their agency, to tackle their problems, and to decide which elements of their lives they want to sustain.     

滇西北横断山区的旅游资源及其开发研究——21世纪中国极具开发潜力的旅游区

滇西北横断山区, 由于地质的强烈作用, 形成怒江、澜沦江、金沙江三江相间并流的地貌大奇观, 有众多峡谷和高大雪山群, 低纬低海拔的冰川。气候多样, 生物资源品种繁多, 垂直地带性非常明显, 集聚了最壮丽的自然风光。藏、纳西、白、彝、傈僳、怒、独龙、普米、回等民族聚居, 社会发展层次有先有后, 有人类社会发展的博物馆之称, 民族风情浓郁。大理、丽江、巍山３ 座国家级历史文化名城, 与众多民族文化和民族风情融为一体。随着香格里拉在滇西北的定位以及丽江古城被列为人类文化遗产, 人们揭开了这块神秘土地的面纱。它是２１ 世纪中国极具开发潜力的旅游热点。     

浅谈张家界乡村旅游的开发

目前,乡村旅游得到了前所未有的发展,但其主要集中在经济发达城市的周边地区。该文旨在探讨象张家界这样不具备区位优势的中小型专业化旅游城市,如何发展独具特色的乡村旅游,并给出了一个参考思路,即依靠传统观光型旅游的带动。在这一思路指导下,对张家界的乡村旅游发展进行SWOT分析,提出了乡村旅游开发的宏观和微观建议。     

GENDER,RACE, AND COMMUTING AMONG SERVICE SECTOR WORKERS*

The generality that women work closer to home and have shorter commuting times than men needs to be assessed for racial groups. Statistical analysis of commuting times for a large sample of service workers in the New York metropolitan area shows that black and hispanic women commute as far as their male counterparts and their commuting times far exceed those of white men and women. Workplace factors, such as income, occupation, and job accessibility, are important in explaining these findings.     

HUMAN RELATIONS AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN RURAL NEPAL: THE CASE OF DEURALI *

A preliminary analysis of the primary health care delivery component of a small rural development project in Deurali, Nepal, suggests that personal relations between project personnel and their target population (e.g., implementors'sincerity and commitment to service) can overcome many cultural, geographical, and class-related social barriers to achieving project objectives. The Deurali medical staff's ability to combine their technical skills with sincerity, hard work, and commitment has made the Deurali project reasonably successful in meeting villagers'primary health care needs.     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON RURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION IN CHINA

I.AnEconotnicAnalysisofRuralIndustriallzahonandModehazahonl.StagesofindustrideationinChinaandprocessofruralindustrideahon-capitalinputBeforerefom1h1ewayChinatookforitsindustrializationwas"takingcitiesaskeypointsandstateinvestmentasthemainsourceforindustnalconstruCtion".Thedevelopmotofindustryandcity4ePendedoneaChotherpassivelyandnoptively.TherewasnonationalinvestmentinruralindustrialconstruCtiontopromoteruralurbaruzationandnocapitalinplltfortheconStruCtionofpublicutilitiesandinfrastruCtu…