基于水循环模拟的流域湿地水资源合理配置初探

水资源是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源。维持流域水资源可持续利用和湿地健康,实现流域内"人-水-湿地"和谐是新时期流域水资源管理的目标。在流域水资源供需不平衡和湿地生态系统退化的背景下,提出了基于水循环模拟的流域湿地水资源合理配置的概念,并进行了全面阐述;剖析了流域湿地水资源合理配置的理论基础,着重探讨了流域湿地水资源合理配置的技术方法和研究内容,提出流域湿地水资源合理配置,以流域湿地水文模型为重要的技术手段,以流域整体可持续发展为总原则,重点考虑湿地生态需水变化过程,将湿地作为优先用水单元,其优先级仅次于生活用水,通过生态配水确保湿地生态需水量的研究思路,初步构建了基于水循环模拟的流域湿地水资源合理配置研究框架;对有关流域湿地水资源合理配置的未来重点研究领域进行了展望。     

湿地水文学研究进展及科学前沿问题

湿地水文过程控制湿地的形成与演化,湿地水文情势制约着湿地环境的生物、物理和化学特征,从而影响到湿地类型分异、湿地结构与功能,湿地水文研究是认识湿地生态系统的结构、过程与功能的主要内容。湿地水文情势分析涉及湿地的降雨-径流、湿地蒸散发、湿地地下水运移等主要过程。湿地水循环及水量平衡是湿地水文情势和过程研究的综合,关系到湿地水文循环过程的各个方面。湿地水文过程、边际效应和参数特征及对不同尺度水周期的响应与功能差异等是现代湿地水文研究的重要科学问题。     

水文连通对湿地生态系统关键过程及功能影响研究进展北大核心CSCD

水文连通是湿地生态过程的主要非生物驱动因子,湿地生态系统中水文连通对于湿地稳定性自维持极为重要。湿地生态系统关键生态过程及功能对水文连通受损的响应机制是目前国内外湿地研究的热点与难点问题,综述了目前国内外该科学问题的相关进展。湿地生态系统水文连通具有尺度特征,从群落—生态系统、从局地到区域,其主导影响因素不同。水文连通被阻断,会导致沉积过程改变,进而改变湿地微地貌特征;水文连通可以通过改变生物生境进而影响生物定殖、扩繁及湿地的生物多样性功能,生物觅食与繁殖更趋向选择连通较好的湿地斑块,水文连通的丧失将导致全球生物多样性的降低;完整的水文连通能够促进能量和营养物质的循环,水文连通与生物地球化学连通的耦合,是驱动湿地生态系统能量与物质流转和功能发挥的主要营力。未来关于湿地水文连通与生态系统稳定性研究应着重关注构建湿地水文连通评估方法、水文连通与湿地关键生物地球化学过程的耦合机制、多重胁迫下水文连通与湿地生态系统稳定性作用机制和基于水文连通调控的湿地恢复与保育技术等方面的研究。     

水文连通对湿地生态系统关键过程及功能影响研究进展

水文连通是湿地生态过程的主要非生物驱动因子,湿地生态系统中水文连通对于湿地稳定性自维持极为重要。湿地生态系统关键生态过程及功能对水文连通受损的响应机制是目前国内外湿地研究的热点与难点问题,综述了目前国内外该科学问题的相关进展。湿地生态系统水文连通具有尺度特征,从群落—生态系统、从局地到区域,其主导影响因素不同。水文连通被阻断,会导致沉积过程改变,进而改变湿地微地貌特征;水文连通可以通过改变生物生境进而影响生物定殖、扩繁及湿地的生物多样性功能,生物觅食与繁殖更趋向选择连通较好的湿地斑块,水文连通的丧失将导致全球生物多样性的降低;完整的水文连通能够促进能量和营养物质的循环,水文连通与生物地球化学连通的耦合,是驱动湿地生态系统能量与物质流转和功能发挥的主要营力。未来关于湿地水文连通与生态系统稳定性研究应着重关注构建湿地水文连通评估方法、水文连通与湿地关键生物地球化学过程的耦合机制、多重胁迫下水文连通与湿地生态系统稳定性作用机制和基于水文连通调控的湿地恢复与保育技术等方面的研究。     

我国水循环的生物学过程研究进展

作为IGBP核心计划之一的水循环与生物圈相互作用(BAHC)研究一直是国际学术研究的前沿性热点课题。本文从森林水文生态、山坡水文学、防护林水土保持效益、水生生态系统净化作用等方面,综述了我国在水循环与生物圈相互作用研究方面的进展。并指出了从水循环的生物过程来分析我国的水资源安全、西部地区的生态环境建设和经济开发战略问题,探讨东西部协调发展模式和生态系统与水资源管理方略时必须解决的有关科学问题。     

湿地生态系统碳循环研究进展

碳在不同类型湿地中储藏量约占地球陆地碳总量的15%。由于全球湿地面积迅速减少,湿地生态系统正常的水循环和碳循环过程产生一定的变化,湿地生态系统的演变也可能是全球大气CO₂含量升高的一个不可忽视的重要因素。气候条件是湿地碳循环生物地球化学过程的重要驱动因素,湿地特殊的生态水文过程和土壤环境条件,使得湿地碳循环具有区别于其它生态系统碳循环的特征。影响湿地中碳积累与分解过程的重要控制因子是温度、水文条件和植物群落,特别是水文条件对湿地碳循环过程影响较大。湿地土壤呼吸通量与根层土壤温度呈正相关关系,并受地表积水深度和地下潜水水位的影响,另外,洪泛作用会增加湿地CO₂的排放率,湿地水文过程决定溶解有机碳的输入与输出过程。     

气候变化对水循环与水资源的影响研究综述

以全球变暖为主的气候变化已成为当前世界最重要的环境问题之一。气候变化对水循环与水资源影响的研究越来越引起国内外学者的的高度关注和重视。简要回顾了国内外气候变化对水文水资源影响研究的发展历程,着重论述了目前气候变化对水文水资源影响的重点研究领域:水循环要素变化的检测与归因分析、气候变化与人类活动对水循环与水资源影响的定量评估、未来气候变化情景下水循环与水资源的演变趋势预估、气候变化对极端水文事件的影响研究和应对气候变化的水资源适应性管理策略;并介绍了气候变化对水文水资源影响研究中的气候变化情景、水文模拟及陆-气模型耦合等重要技术手段。最后,针对目前研究中存在的问题及薄弱环节,提出未来研究的发展趋势和亟需解决的关键问题。     

基于MODFLOW的流域分布式水文模型研究——以渭河中下游地区为例

在流域水循环框架下,以MODFLOW为基础,结合河水的一维动力波模型和地表、土壤坡面产汇流模型,建立了渭河中下游地区的流域分布式水文模型.该模型突出了研究区地下水循环这一主要水文环节.通过一个水文年的数据检验,证明该模型所获得的参数具有代表性,由各项参数模拟得到的流量过程与实测过程比较符合.在此基础上进行了模拟计算,确定了渭河中下游地区地下水天然补给资源量、浅层地下水开采潜力及现状条件下滨河湿地水源地开采与河水量的关系.该模型的开发不仅对科学调配和合理利用地表水和地下水资源,而且对滨河湿地生态系统功能的恢复和保护具有特别重要的意义.     

流域城市化对湿地生态系统的影响研究进展

城市化是人类社会发展的必然趋势和现代化的必经阶段,同时城市化也对区域湿地生态系统产生重要影响。从城市化的水文效应、城市化对水环境的影响和城市化产生的气候变化对湿地生态系统影响3方面综述了城市化对湿地生态系统结构和功能影响的研究进展。城市化引起流域内人口增加,通常伴随商业和工业活动的增加,这些活动需要更多的城市土地,从而导致流域内不透性增加,这给流域内湿地生态系统造成了重要的影响,表现为:①城市化所及地区的产汇流过程发生显著变化,导致湿地径流的调节作用和维持生态系统生产力的作用发生退化;②城市地表径流中含有大量的污染物质,致使对湿地水环境、水生生物、野生动物栖息地都产生了重要的影响,并污染城市饮用水水源,危及人类健康;③城市化导致流域气候变化,影响湿地水文、生物地球化学过程、植物群落及湿地生态功能等。最后,指出了国内外城市化对湿地生态系统影响研究的不足之处,对国内外的研究趋势进行展望,并对国内的研究提出了几点建议。     

基于网络分析的湿地水文关系研究——以美国奥克弗诺基流域为例

湿地与周边水文系统通过复杂的水文过程相互联系和影响,具有整体性和复杂性.研究湿地与周边水文系统相互作用过程和机理,对湿地保护和恢复起着重要的作用.以美国奥克弗诺基(Okefenokee)流域为案例,构建包含沼泽地表水、沼泽地下水、高地地表水和高地地下水4个水文子系统的流域水文网络模型,采用生态网络分析方法中的效用、控制和单位元分析研究水文单元间作用关系.控制分析的结果显示,高地地表水和地下水两个子系统对沼泽地表水和地下水子系统的支持程度达到100％.无论是沼泽还是松林高地,其地表水和地下水之间存在高度的相互依赖和互补性.效用分析结果表明,沼泽地表水和高地地下水之间存在着互利的水文关系.而单位元分析结果显示,沼泽地下水深层渗漏和高地松树生态系统的蒸散过程是袭夺流域湿地系统水资源的重要一环.上述结果表明,生态网络分析方法可以有效地分析水文单元之间的作用过程、描述水文单元之间直接和间接的水文关系,可以用于流域湿地水资源管理.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,