COUPLED PHYSICAL-ECOLOGICAL MODELLING IN THE CENTRAL PART OF JIAOZHOU BAY Ⅱ.COUPLED WITH AN ECOLOGICAL MODEL

Sharpies‘ 1-D physical rrozlel maploying tide-wind driven turbulence closure and surface heating-cooling physics, was coupled with an eculogical rnodet with 9-biochemical components: phytoplankton, zooplankton, shellfish, autotmphic and heterotrophic bacterioplankton, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), suspended detritus and sinking particles to simulate the armual evolution of ecosystem in thecentral part of Jiaozhou Bay. The coupled modeling results showed that the phytoplankton shading effectcould reduce seawater temperamre by 2℃, so that photosynthesis efficiency should be less than 8% ; that the loss of phytoplankton by zooplankton grazing in winter tended to be compensated by phytoplankton advection and diffusion from the otrtside of the Bay; that the incidem irradiance intensity could be the mostimportant factor for phytoplankton grcr, wth rate; and that it was the bacterial secondary prnduction that maintained the maximum zooplankton biomass in winter usually observed in the 1990s, indicating that themicrobial food loop was extremely important for ecosystem study of Jiaozhou Bay.     

A VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION MODEL OF NUTRIENTS AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE SOUTHERN TAIWAN STRAIT

Sinoe vertical transport of nutrients and dissolved oxygen are quite important in the water col-umn and have drawn serious attention these recent years, a one-dmension numerical model is tried to simulate the vertical distribution of nutrients and dissolved oxygen in June at two research sites in the southemTaiwan Strait. Physical transport parameters are calibrated by temperature simulation, and thenare used to simulate the profiles of NO_3, PO_4 and dissolved oxygen. The simulation was generally success-ful for both stations. The importance of various factors, such as upwelling tidal current andbiogeochemical activities, which influence the vertical distribution of nutrients and dissolved oxygen, is revealed by analysis of the modeling results. Some important rates, fluxes and ratios are also estimated anddiscussed on the basis of simulation.     

云南边境生态环境数据组织管理研究

生态环境数据合理有效地组织与管理,对于开展区域生态环境研究意义重大。本文首先探讨了生态环境数据组织管理的基本流程。在此基础上,指出生态环境数据分类编码与元数据的规范化,以及生态环境模型的设计是实现生态环境数据组织管理的难点所在。随后,笔者以云南边境地带生态环境数据为例,提出了生态环境数据分类编码与元数据方案。并且在深入剖析生态环境数据特征的基础上,重点研究了生态环境数据的建模方案,提出了生态环境辅助数据模型(EcoADM)。最后,简要介绍了云南边境生态环境数据库管理原型系统的建设。     

生态文明视域下的福建海峡蓝色经济区海洋生态补偿机制探讨

作为调整海洋利益相关者关系的市场化生态治理工具,海洋生态补偿是保护海洋资源环境、建设海洋生态文明的重要举措。海洋生态环境的公共物品性、外部性为海洋生态补偿提供了理论依据,也凸显了海洋生态价值和环境正义。随着《福建海峡蓝色经济试验区发展规划》的制定和实施,福建海峡蓝色经济区建设面临新的历史发展机遇,海洋生态补偿的作用日益凸显。福建海峡蓝色经济区海洋生态补偿机制改革正稳步推进,取得了一定成效,但也面临一些亟待解决的问题。有必要按照福建海洋经济强省的战略部署,结合福建海峡蓝色经济区建设对海洋生态文明的客观需要,多管齐下,完善海洋生态补偿机制,创新海洋生态环境管理体制。     

Elemental and Isotopic Signatures in the Sediments Influenced by Seal Excrement on Antarctic Fildes Peninsula and Their Po- tential Paleoecological Applications

The elemental and isotopic signatures in the sediments influenced by seal excrement on Antarctic Fildes Peninsula are examined for their potential palaeoecologlcal applications. The seal hair abundance in sediments exhibits remarkable fluctuation versus depth, indicating similar changes in historical populations of the seals visiting the marine terrace. The combination of δ^13 C, total organic carbon concentration （TOC）, total nitrogen concentration （TN） and atomic C/N ratio shows that the organic matters in sediments with numerous seal hairs have a marine origin and are predominantly derived from seal excrements. The large δ15 N values in sediments are attributed to trophic enrichment and NH3 vollatilization processes. The large variations in the δ^15 N values and the negative correlation between the δ15 N values and the seal hair abundances seem to be the results of changes in the paleoclimates and the volatilization rates of the ammonia produced in the seal excrements. The 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios in the acid-soluble fraction of sediments are interpreted as a mixture of the ones from the seal excrements （30%-50%） and the chemically weathered local bedrocks （70%-50%）. The calculated proportion of seal-derived Sr based on the ^87 Sr/^86 Sr ratios has a significant correlation with seal hair abundances in sediments. These results suggest that δ15 N values and the ^87 Sr/^86 Sr ratios in the acid-soluble fraction of sediments were influenced by seal excrements, similar to seal halt numbers, and thus can potentially be used to estimate the historical seal population in the Antarctic region.     

基于土地利用变化的生态风险评价——以广西岑溪市为例

该文以1999年及2009年岑溪市土地利用数据为来源,在GIS的支持下,分析了10年来研究区内的土地利用变化的时空特点及其转化过程,结合土地利用综合指数、耕地垦殖指数、植被覆盖指数、景观破碎度指数评价了土地利用变化的生态风险。研究表明:研究区域内10年间土地利用类型发生了复杂的相互转换,其中林草地、建设用地和耕地为研究区内变化面积最大的3种土地利用类型;受经济快速发展和城市化进程加快的影响,土地利用的广度和深度不断增大,全市土地利用趋于破碎化,土地生态风险程度有所增加。     

Recent Trends in Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll and Aerosol Optical Depth Together with Simulated Dimethylsulfide in the Eastern China Marginal Seas

The biogenic compound dimethylsulfide(DMS)produced by a range of marine biota is the major natural source of re-duced sulfur to the atmosphere and plays a major role in the formation and evolution of aerosols,potentially affecting climate.The spatio-temporal distribution of satellite-derived chlorophyll_a(CHL)and aerosol optical depth(AOD)for the recent years(2011-2019)in the Eastern China Marginal Seas(ECMS)(25°-40°N,120°-130°E)are studied.The seasonal CHL peaks occurred during late April and the CHL distribution displays a clear zonal gradient.Elevated CHL was also observed along the northern and western coastlines during summer and winter seasons.Trend analysis shows that mean CHL decreases by about 10%over the 9-year study period,while AOD was higher in south and lower in north during summertime.A genetic algorithm technique is used to calibrate the key model parameters and simulations are carried out for 2015,a year when field data was available.Our simulation results show that DMS seawater concentration ranges from 1.56 to 5.88 nmol L^?1 with a mean value of 2.76 nmol L^?1.DMS sea-air flux ranges from 2.66 to 5.00mmol m^?2 d^?1 with mean of 3.80mmol m^?2 d^?1.Positive correlations of about 0.5 between CHL and AOD were found in the study region,with higher correlations along the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.The elevated CHL concentration along the west coast is correlated with increased sea-water concentrations of DMS in the region.Our results suggest a possible influ-ence of DMS-derived aerosol in the local ECMS atmosphere,especially along the western coastline of ECMS.     

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区生态环境脆弱性评价研究

黄河三角洲地区靠近渤海湾,遍布滩涂湿地资源,生态环境比较复杂。该文通过建立“生态敏感性生态压力度”概念模型,构建生态环境脆弱性评价指标体系,通过数据标准化将指标统一量纲,最后根据数学模型计算评价区生态环境脆弱性指数,并分为5个等级。经计算,西北部沿海地区生态环境脆弱性等级较高,主要指湿地及盐渍化比较集中的东营市北部地区,南部地区相对较低,尤其是远离海岸线的地区。并针对评价中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

山东黄河下游区域生态地球化学评价方法技术探讨

山东黄河下游区域生态地球化学评价是以多目标区域地球化学调查资料为基础,在5．3万km^2范围内按一定的采样密度采集大气干湿沉降、化肥、大宗农作物（小麦、玉米的籽实、茎叶和根系土）样品,分析As,Cd等重金属元素和N,B等有益营养元素含量,研究元素在农业生态系统中的输入、输出通量,进行农业生态系统评价。采集济南、济宁2城市冶金尘、燃煤尘、建筑尘、汽车尾气尘等不同端元组分样品和大气干湿沉降、城市降尘、城市表层土壤样品,进行As,Cd等重金属元素含量及降尘铅同位素组成、粒径和物相分析,研究2城市各类污染物对城市大气和土壤排放量、排放比例和污染程度,评价其对城市生态环境影响。采集黄河、徒骇河、小清河等人海河流的悬浮物、水体、底泥及河流入海口处2m深柱状样品,分析As,Cd等重金属元素含量,对典型柱状样进行^210Pb和^137Cs定年,研究重金属元素随时间的变化规律,获取底积物年沉积速率,分析陆源物质对浅海沉积环境变迁的影响,对浅海生态环境安全性进行预警。     

武陵山区生态安全格局演变分析

本文依据武陵山区遥感调查数据及社会经济统计数据,运用灰色关联度模型计算2000年和2010年生态安全综合指数,并对研究区生态安全综合指数的时空演变特征进行分析.结果表明:(1)2000年研究区生态安全综合指数处于Ⅲ级临界安全和Ⅱ级较差安全水平,2010年生态安全综合指数整体处于Ⅲ级临界安全水平之上;(2)2期Moran's I指数分别为0.3828及0.4411,P值均小于0.01,生态安全综合指数在空间上表现出较强正相关,存在空间聚集性,且2010年聚集性更强;(3)武陵山区2期生态安全综合指数空间分布出现较大变化,且都呈现高值,低值聚集;(4)生态安全综合指数与扶贫人口比例及森林覆盖率呈正相关,与农民人均纯收入没有必然的联系.     

基于GEE黄河三角洲长时序生态指数遥感估算与分析

基于遥感长时间序列的分析能够得到更加科学、完整、全面的特征规律,本文以黄河三角洲为研究区域,开展了生态指数遥感估算及分析研究。基于Google Earth Engine (GEE)分析了2000年以来逐年度归一化植被指数（NDVI）、湿度指数（Wet）、盐分指数（SI3）、遥感生态指数（RSEI）,获得了完整、细致长时间序列的分析结果。考虑到黄河三角洲的区域特点,引入了盐分指数（SI3）与遥感生态指数（RSEI）相结合的评价分析方法。研究发现,自2011年以来研究区的生态环境指数呈上升趋势,生态环境持续改善。     

基于RS/GIS和AHP-GPCA模型的青藏高原生态环境变迁综合评价

运用层次分析和全局主成分分析结合的综合统计评价模型(AHP-GPCA模型),以县域和流域为评价单元,以气温、降水、归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)、冰川密度、湿地密度、湖泊率、人口密度、荒漠化率等数据为评价指标基础,基于GS/GIS对20世纪70年代末期至2000年青藏高原生态环境变迁进行综合评价,并探讨了研究区生态环境...     

基于多元数据的黄河三角洲核心区生态环境状况评价研究

生态环境状况评价是区域生态环境保护与管理的重要基础,脆弱生态区则是当前关注的热点区域。该文选择黄河三角洲脆弱生态核心区,利用3S(RS、GIS、GPS)数据、统计数据、野外实测数据等多元数据,构建并提取了7个反映生态环境状况的评价指标,用层次分析法确定各指标权重,以200m边长网格作为评价单元,通过指标叠加获取各单元分值,进而将生态环境状况划分为优、良、中、差、劣6个等级,得到了垦利区生态环境状况的评价结果,并进行了生态环境分区与分析。结果显示,垦利区的生态环境状况总体较差,生态环境状况优、良的比例仅占7.7%,差、劣的等级则占61.5%,生态环境状况从东北沿海向西南内陆呈变好趋势。与利用国家规程的评价结果相比,该研究能更加细致合理反映研究区生态环境等级变化。垦利区生态环境划分为稳定区、过渡区和脆弱区3个区,各区主要土地利用类型分别为耕地、盐荒地和滩涂,占各区面积的36.84%、31.85%和47.37%,生态环境稳定区要强化农田基本建设,控制建设用地规模,同时加强区内盐荒地的开发利用;生态环境过渡区应提高耕地集约化利用程度,加大土壤盐渍化改良力度,提高地表植被覆盖;生态环境脆弱区应适度水产养殖规模,防止海水侵蚀,加强天然林草地的保护。     

顾及共模误差的西南极GPS坐标时间序列噪声分析

使用Bernese 5.2软件双差定位程序处理西南极区域24个GPS基准站9 a的观测资料,获得各站单日解坐标时间序列.利用主分量分析法和独立分析法对其进行空间滤波,对比分析2种方法的滤波效果,然后采用极大似然估计法分析滤波前后各站时间序列的噪声特征,建立最优噪声模型,并分析共模误差对测站速度的影响.结果表明,2种方法...     

Diagnosis of physical and biological controls on phytoplankton distribution in the Sargasso Sea

The linkage between physical and biological processes is studied by applying a one-dimensional physical-biological coupled model to the Sargasso Sea. The physical model is the Princeton Ocean Model and the biological model is a five-component system including phytoplankton, zooplankton, nitrate, ammonium, and detritus. The coupling between the physical and biological model is accomplished through vertical mixing which is parameterized by the level 2.5 Mellor and Yamada turbulence closure scheme. The coupled model investigates the annual cycle of ecosystem production and the response to external forcing, such as heat flux, wind stress, and surface salinity, and the relative importance of physical processes in affecting the ecosystem. Sensitivity experiments are also carried out, which provide information on how the model bio-chemical parameters affect the biological system. The computed seasonal cycles compare reasonably well with the observations of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS). The spring bloom of phytoplankton occurs in March and April, right after the weakening of the winter mixing and before the establishment of the summer stratification. The bloom of zooplankton occurs about two weeks after the bloom of phytoplankton. The sensitivity experiments show that zooplankton is more sensitive to the variations of biochemical parameters than phytoplankton.     

一种用于突发性场地污染模拟的解析模型

为了及时有效地应对各种突发性环境污染事故,有必要开发一种简单实用、适于各类型污染物的场地污染数学模型。通过污染事故发生后污染物在包气带、饱和带迁移转化的概化,建立了污染物运移的自由入渗模型以及降雨入渗模型并给出各自相应的解析解。无降雨时,考虑污染物在重力作用下随包气带向下渗透的作用,建立一维垂直入渗模型。有降雨时,考虑污染场地(包气带)中污染物迁移和转化的对流作用、扩散作用及挥发、生物降解、吸附、根系吸收等作用,建立包气带剖面二维溶质运移模型和饱和带平面二维溶质运移数学模型。建模过程中,假定降雨量的平均分布及土壤质地、水力参数以及有机物成分、种类均相同,同时假定污染物与多孔介质间的作用为线性吸附,植物根系对污染物的吸附遵循一级动力学。基于模型的解析解,实现案例的模拟计算。模拟结果表明:该模型具有适用范围广、模拟高效快捷等优点,能够较准确预测污染发生后污染物在土壤中的动向、到达饱和带的时间以及饱和带中污染物的迁移情况。     

济南市新时期生态文明建设地质工作需求分析与思考

地质工作是国家经济建设和社会发展的重要基础,与生态文明建设息息相关,随着社会经济的快速发展,特别是党的十九大以来,人民对美好生活的向往越来越强烈。地质勘查单位应转变发展思路,拓展地质工作服务领域,积极探索地质工作服务生态文明建设的新思路、新模式,为水生态保护提供地质技术支撑、协助做好土壤污染防治工作、推进城市地下空间合理开发利用,全方位支撑服务生态文明建设大局。     

顾及土地生态安全的环鄱阳湖城市群土地利用情景模拟

在国家大力推进新型城镇化和落实城市群空间规划的背景下,评价城市群土地生态安全水平,并以此为限制条件预测城市群未来土地利用格局,对城市群可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以环鄱阳湖城市群为研究对象,对城市群土地生态安全格局和变化进行分析,根据土地生态安全评价结果设置自然发展情景和生态保护情景,结合多分类Logistic回归和多标准评价方法(MCE),构建CA-Markov模型,预测2种情景下2030年土地利用格局并进行对比分析。研究结果表明:①2005、2010和2015年,环鄱阳湖城市群网格平均生态安全值分别为0.574、0.573和0.571,空间布局上呈现"中部低、东西高"的特征;②预测2030年,自然发展情景下新增城镇用地主要位于九江市、上饶市和南昌市,生态保护情景下限制城镇用地和其他建设用地向土地生态安全高值区扩展,使得城镇用地和其他建设用地扩展更加集中;③预测生态保护情景下,高生态安全区面积比自然发展情景下多39.39%且分布更加均匀,包括鄱阳湖周边区域、九江市中部以及新余市和吉安市,城市群生态安全得到有效保护。该研究可为环鄱阳湖城市群土地利用规划及生态保护提供参考。     

基于改进Markov-CA模型的黄土高原土地利用多情景模拟

土地利用/覆被的时空变化研究能为区域生态环境恢复和生态系统集成管理提供科学支持.集成Logistic回归模型、改进的Markov与FLUS模型模拟黄土高原2020-2050年3种典型情景土地利用变化.发现各情景土地利用面积变化及空间置换转移主要集中在农用地、草地和城镇用地;历史趋势延续情景下农用地减少15 205 km...     

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区土地利用结构优化与调整初探

黄河三角洲具有独特的地理区位,黄河三角洲高效生态经济区规划上升为国家战略后,黄河三角洲高效生态经济区（以下简称黄三角）的开发与建设引起社会广泛的关注,土地利用结构调整与优化也成为新常态下具有重要意义的课题。该文探讨了黄三角地区土地资源利用结构的特点,分析了土地利用中存在的结构性问题,探索了土地利用结构调整、优化、升级趋势和方向,提出了土地利用结构调整中应该注意的问题,为发挥区域土地资源优势,促进黄三角经济社会又好又快发展提供一定的借鉴。