Short-term Climate Characteristics at Ny-lesund over the Arctic Tundra Area

Based on the Germany Koldwey Station's 1994-2003 conventional ob-servation hourly data,this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the short-termclimate characteristics for an arctic tundra region(Ny-lesund island)where ourfirst arctic expedition station(Huanghe Station)was located.Affected by theNorth Atlantic warming current,this area has a humid temperate climate,andthe air temperature at Ny-lesund rose above 0℃ even during deep winter sea-son during our research period.The wind speed in this area was low and appearedmost at southeast direction.We find that the temperature at Ny-lesund rose inthe faster rate(0.68℃/10 a)than those at the whole Arctic area.Comparedwith the floating ices where our expedition conducted in the Arctic,Ny-lesundwas warmer and more humid and had lower wind speed.Comparison of the nearsurface air temperature derived by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis to the conventionalmeasurements conducted at the Koldwey site in Ny-lesund area shows a good a-greement for winter season and a significant difference for summer season.     

0 Short-term Climate Characteristics at Ny-Alesund over the Arctic Tundra Area

Based on the Germany Koldwey Station＇s 1994-2003 conventional observation hourly data, this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the short-term climate characteristics for an arctic tundra region （Ny-Alesund island） where our first arctic expedition station （Huanghe Station） was located. Affected by the North Atlantic warming current, this area has a humid temperate climate, and the air temperature at Ny-Alesund rose above 0 ℃ even during deep winter season during our research period. The wind speed in this area was low and appeared most at southeast direction. We find that the temperature at Ny-Alesund rose in the faster rate （0.68℃/10 a） than those at the whole Arctic area. Compared with the floating ices where our expedition conducted in the Arctic, Ny-Alesund was warmer and more humid and had lower wind speed. Comparison Of the near surface air temperature derived by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis to the conventional measurements conducted at the Koldwey site in Ny-Alesund area shows a good agreement for winter season and a slgnificant difference for summer season.     

Short-term Climate Characteristics at Ny-(A)lesund over the Arctic Tundra Area

Based on the Germany Koldwey Station's 1994-2003 conventional observation hourly data, this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the short-term climate characteristics for an arctic tundra region (Ny-(A)lesund island) where our first arctic expedition station (Huanghe Station) was located. Affected by the North Atlantic warming current, this area has a humid temperate climate, and the air temperature at Ny-(A)lesund rose above 0 ℃ even during deep winter season during our research period. The wind speed in this area was low and appeared most at southeast direction. We find that the temperature at Ny-(A)lesund rose in the faster rate (0.68 ℃/10 a) than those at the whole Arctic area. Compared with the floating ices where our expedition conducted in the Arctic, Ny-(A)lesund was warmer and more humid and had lower wind speed. Comparison of the near surface air temperature derived by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis to the conventional measurements conducted at the Koldwey site in Ny-(A)lesund area shows a good agreement for winter season and a significant difference for summer season.     

Southern Meridional Atmospheric Circulation Associated with IOD

Using the monthly wind and sea surface temperature （SST） data, southern meridional atmospheric circulation cells associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode （IOD） events in the Indian Ocean are for the first time described and examineS. The divergent wind and pressure vertical velocity are employed for the identification of atmospheric circulation cells. During the four different phases of the positive IOD events, the anomalous meridional Hadley circulation over the western Indian Ocean shows that the air rises in the tropics, flows poleward in the upper troposphere, sinks in the subtropics, and returns back to the tropics in the lower troposphere. The anomalous Hadley circulation over the eastern Indian Ocean is opposite to that over the western Indian Ocean. During positive IOD events, the meridional Hadley circulation over the eastern Indian Ocean is weakened while it is strengthened over the western Indian Ocean. Correlation analysis between the IOD index and the indices of the Hadley cells also proves that, the atmospheric circulation patterns are evident in every IOD event over the period of record.     

Stability analysis on Jinjia dam hydropower project in Chongqing City

The stability analysis is one of the chief problems at hydropower stations. The Jinjia Hydropower Station is a significant project in Southwest China. The paper adopts the rigidity limited equilibrium theory and evaluated stability of the slope body, which will provide the evidences for further detail design.     

Stability analysis on Jinjia dam hydropower project in Chongqing City

The stability analysis is one of the chief problems at hydropower stations.The Jinjia Hydropower Station is a significant project in Southwest China.The paper adopts the rigidity limited equilibrium theory and evaluated stability of the slope body,which will provide the evidences for further detail design.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OXYGEN REDUCTIONIN ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION

ImODUcrlONArnaorandnowincreasinglyimPoftantprobleminthemanyyearsinvestigationsofabosphericcormsionofmetaIsandalloyisthatthecormsionrmctionunderathineleCtrolytelayerchangessigwhcanhywithdrying.Tornashov(l966)reportedthatthecorm-sionrateisinfluentalbytheelamlytelayerthwhnessandiscontrolledbythedtheion-lndtingcurrentofoxygenreduCtionreig.l)whentheel~lytefilmisthickerthanthediffUSionlayerthickness.ThereforetherateisnotaffededbytheelCCtrolyteFilmthwh-nessforthecaseofaverythickFilm,e.g.regionI…     

数字派出所空间信息系统的探讨

数字派出所空间信息系统是融辖区信息、警务、决策、指挥于一体,以指挥统一、反应快速、协同作战为目的的现代警务运行系统。它给广大基层派出所的治安管理工作提供了快速、便捷的空间信息查询平台,做到公安信息数字化、决策分析科学化、指挥调度现代化、公安业务可视化,为科技强警开辟了一个有效途径。本文根据“数字地球”的理论和技术,结合我国公安信息化建设情况,研究了数字派出所空间信息系统的主要框架体系。以山东省宁阳县乡饮乡数字派出所空间信息系统建设为例,以地理信息系统为平台,探讨了数字派出所空间信息系统建设的主要内容,研发了公共安全信息综合查询系统,为公安信息化建设提供了有力保障。     

Intensity variations of the postnoon auroral bright spots observed at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica on August 8, 1999

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大气稳定度分级国家标准中几个问题的研究

对国家标准HJ/T2.2-93大气稳定度分级中整数风速使用问题，日、夜分界问题及太阳倾角取值问题进行了综合研究。大量统计结果指出，整数风速不能直接按标准中稳定度等级规定的风速分级带入，而应以1／2计数法代入分级；日、夜分界应以日出后1小时与日落前1小时为界，太阳倾角每10日取一概略值已十分精确。     

青藏高原大气热源气候特征的研究

用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和小波分析方法分析研究了1950-2005年青藏高原大气热源气候特征和变化特征,主要结论包括:(1)夏季青藏高原东部大气热源的强度明显较西部大.6月份,高原东部热源的强度是高原西部的近两倍,7月份的值也比西部大了40%以上.(2)青藏高原全区、东部和西部逐年平均的大气热源有明显不同的变化特征.高原全区年平均大气热源的变化主要是一个14年的时间尺度;高原东部不仅有14年的主要时间变化尺度,同时还有一个非常显著的2.6年的时间变化尺度;高原西部则不同,是一个不明显的1-2年的时间尺度.     

Progress in polar upper atmospheric physics research in China

The Chinese Antarctic Great Wall, Zhongshan, Kunlun and Arctic Yellow River stations have unique geographical locations, well suited to carry out polar upper atmospheric observations. This paper reviews the tremendous history of nearly 30 years of Chinese polar expeditions and major progress in polar upper atmospheric physics research. This includes the polar upper atmospheric physics conjugate observation system at Zhongshan Station in the Antarctic and Yellow River Station in the Arctic, and original research achievements in polar ionospheric fields, aurora and particle precipitation, the polar current system, polar plasma convection, geomagnetic pulsations and space plasma waves, inter-hemispheric comparisons of the space environment, space weather in polar regions, power spectrum of the incoherent scatter radar, ionospheric heating experiments and polar meso- spheric summer echoes, polar ionosphere-magnetosphere numerical simulation and others. Finally, prospects for Chinese polar upper atmospheric physics research are outlined.     

Influence of atmospheric circulation on precipitation in Altai Mountains

We analyzed the changes in precipitation regime in the Altai Mountains for 1959-2014 and estimate the influence of atmospheric circulations on these changes. Our study showed that during last 56 years the changes in the precipitation regime had a positive trend for the warm seasons(April-October),but weakly positive or negative trends for the cold seasons(November-March). It was found that these changes correspond to the decreasing contribution of “Northern meridional and Stationary anticyclone(Nm-Sa)” and “Northern meridional and East zonal(Nm-Ez)” circulation groups and to the increasing contribution of “West zonal and Southern meridional(Wz-Sm)” circulation groups,accordingly to the Dzerdzeevskii classification. In addition,it was found that the variation of precipitation has a step change point in 1980. For the warm seasons,the precipitation change at this point is associated with the reduced influence of “West zonal(Wz)”,“Northern meridional and Stationary anticyclone(Nm-Sa)” and “Northern meridional and Southern meridional(Nm-Sm)” circulation groups. For the cold seasons,a substantialincrease of “Wz-Sm” and a decrease of “Nm-Sa”,“Nm-Ez” circulation groups are responsible for the precipitation change in the two time periods(1959-1980 and 1981-2014).     

Inter-hemispheric comparisons of geospace environment in the polar regions—A proposed cooperative research program between China and Norway

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The climate background and synoptic situation of fog at Great Wall Station, Antarctica

Based on the observed and NCEP reanalysis data from 1985 to 2006,the climate background and synoptic situation of fog at Great Wall Station were analyzed. It is shown that the seasonal variation of fog is controlled by the change of general circulation and local pressure field. Three favorable typical synoptic situations for fog development are found, the Front-of-A-Depression type, the Saddle-Shaped-Field type and the Passing-Weak-Cyclone type. The first one is the most important situation. Advection cooling fog is dominant at Great Wall Station, but there are other kinds of fog as well. As a result, some helpful principles for local fog forecasting are given.     

成都理工大学单基站CORS系统建设与精度测试

文章介绍了成都理工大学为开展测量教学实习和有关科学研究而进行的单基站连续运行GPS基准站系统CDUTCORS建设的情况和系统构成,以及对系统进行作用距离、时效性、兼容性和定位精度测试等。各项测试数据表明,单基站CDUTCORS系统符合有关设计要求,能够为测量教学、科研以及实际生产提供厘米级定位精度服务。     

Topographic features around Zhongshan Station,southeast of Prydz Bay

Considering the complex topographic features of the southeast of Prydz Bay where China＇s Zhongshan Station is located, three types of geomorphologic units can be identified, i.e., submarine slopes, canyons, and terrains. The major topographic features in the study area are the submarine canyon and trough system outside the calving ice front of Dalk Glacier. A 3.8 km × 80 m fissure is found on the submarine terrain at Zhongshan Anchorage, which, once triggered by geological hazards such as earthquakes and ice falls, would be a threat to the usage and maintenance of the anchorage.     

形变台网数据中心数据库系统

介绍了形变台网数据中心数据库的系统功能，形变台站基础资料和基本信息库、观测值数据库、震例图形库等子库系统的结构设计以及目前的运行情况。     

High slope stability of diversion power system intake of Jinchuan hydropower station

The excavated height of the left bank slope of the diversion power system intake in Jinchuan hydropower station is about 16o m. The stability and safety of the slope during construction and its operation/utilization become one of the most important geological engineering problems. At the same time, it is also crucial to select a safe and economic excavation gradient for the construction. We studied the problem of how to select a safe and economic slope ratio by analyzing the geological condition of the high slope, including the lithology, slope structure, structural surface and their combinations, rock weathering and unloading, hydrology, and the natural gradient. The study results showed that the use of an excavation gradient larger than the gradient observed during site investigation and the gradient recommended in standards and field practice manuals is feasible. Then, we used the finite element method and rigid limit equilibrium method to evaluate the stability of the excavation slope under natural, rainstorm and earthquake conditions. The calculated results showed that the excavated slope only has limited failure, but its stability is greatly satisfactory. The research findings can be useful in excavation and slope stabilization projects.     

ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE CATHODIC REACTION OF MARINE ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION

Electrochemical studies on the cathodic reaction of marine atmospheric corrosion using Kelvin probeas reference electrode showed that the rate of cathodic reaction-oxygen reduction first increases then de-creases, with the reaction maximizing at a certain thickness as the electrolyte film decreases duringevaporation. It was indicated that with decreasing electrolyte thickness by drying, the oxygen reduction ratewas accelerated by the faster oxygen diffusion due to the thinner electrolyte layer on the metal surface. Theresults also revealed that although the oxygen salting out effect has great influence on the rate of oxygenreduction, it is not the main causative factor for the decrease in cathodic limiting current in the case of avery thin electrolyte layer.